How to Improve the Standing Long Jump Performance? A Mininarrative Review

Standing long jump (SLJ) is complicated by the challenge of motor coordination in both the upper and lower segments. This movement is also considered to be a fundamental skill in a variety of sports. In particular, SLJ is an important test index for middle school students for assessing their physical fitness levels. This assessment takes the form of a physical fitness test high school entrance examination in some countries such as China. This minireview summarizes recent studies that have investigated how to improve the standing long jump performance from different aspects which include arm motion, takeoff angle, standing posture, warming-up exercise, and handheld weight. The common study limitations, controversial knowledge, and future research direction are also discussed in detail.

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Physical Fitness Testing and Screening Reveal a Gateway to Identify Locomotive Disorders: Retrospective Study of a Japanese Elementary School Population

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x211062459 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2110624

Author(s):

Syuro Ito ◽

Takahiko Fukumoto ◽

Hidetaka Imagita

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Fitness Testing ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽

School Based ◽

Jump Test ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Long Jump ◽

Physical Fitness Testing

This retrospective epidemiological study investigated the relationship between physical fitness testing and locomotive disorder screening results among elementary school children in Japan. The test and screening results of 1033 children from a single elementary school between 2016 and 2018 were examined. Multiple regression analysis was performed for each gender of children of grades third and fourth to generate receiver-operating characteristic curves. Of the 69 children with parent-identified locomotor problems, 29 (42%) had physical fitness test score of mean ± 2 SD. For the standing long jump test in fourth grade girls, the results differed significantly ( P < .001; cut-off, 127 cm) for children whose parents did (n = 7) and did not (n = 84) suspect a possible locomotive disorder. Physical fitness testing in combination with school-based screening for locomotive disorders may be useful for identifying and accurately diagnosing these disorders in children.

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Integrative Neuromuscular Training and Sex-Specific Fitness Performance in 7-Year-Old Children: An Exploratory Investigation

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-49.1.08 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 145-153 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Avery D. Faigenbaum ◽

Gregory D. Myer ◽

Anne Farrell ◽

Tracy Radler ◽

Marc Fabiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Neuromuscular Training ◽

Future Research ◽

Control Group ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Long Jump ◽

Shuttle Run ◽

Push Up

Context: Integrative neuromuscular training (INT) has successfully enhanced physical fitness and reduced abnormal biomechanics, which appear to decrease injury rates in adolescent female athletes. If not addressed at the proper time, low levels of physical fitness and abnormal mechanics may predispose female athletes to an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Objectives To evaluate sex-specific effects of INT on selected measures of health- and skill-related fitness in children during physical education (PE). Design: Cohort study. Setting: Public primary school. Patients or Other Participants: Forty children (16 boys, 24 girls; age = 7.6 ± 0.3 years, height = 124.5 ± 6.4 cm, mass = 29.5 ± 7.6 kg) from 2 second-grade PE classes. Intervention(s): The classes were randomized into the PE-plus-INT group (10 boys, 11 girls) or the control group (6 boys, 13 girls) that participated in traditional PE. The INT was performed 2 times per week during the first approximately 15 minutes of each PE class and consisted of body weight exercises. Main Outcome Measure(s): Push-up, curl-up, standing long jump, single-legged hop, single-legged balance, sit-and-reach flexibility test, shuttle run, and 0.8-km run. Results: At baseline, the boys demonstrated higher levels of performance in most of the fitness measurements as evidenced by greater performance on the push-up, standing long jump, single-legged hop, shuttle run, and 0.8-km run (P < .05). In the evaluation of the training effects, we found intervention effects in the girls for enhanced INT-induced gains in performance relative to the control group on the curl-up, long jump, single-legged hop, and 0.8-km run (P < .05) after controlling for baseline. Boys did not demonstrate similar adaptations from the INT program (P ≥ .05). Conclusions: These data indicate that INT is an effective and time-efficient addition to PE for enhancing motor skills and promoting physical activity in children. Seven-year-old girls appeared to be more sensitive to the effects of INT than 7-year-old boys. Future research is warranted to confirm these effects in larger cohorts of children.

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Physical fitness and anthropometrics in Finnish soldiers during their early career: prospective changes during a 3-year follow-up

BMJ Military Health ◽

10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001571 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001571

Author(s):

Jani P Vaara ◽

K Pihlainen ◽

J Rusila ◽

T Ojanen ◽

H Kyröläinen

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Mass ◽

Early Career ◽

Muscular Fitness ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Long Jump ◽

Test Distance ◽

Fitness Levels ◽

Push Up

IntroductionPhysical fitness is a fundamental capability required of military personnel, but studies focusing on longitudinal changes in physical fitness and anthropometrics in soldiers are lacking. The aim was to evaluate physical fitness and anthropometrics in soldiers during their early career.MethodsA 3-year prospective study included 180 male soldiers (baseline age 26±2 years) with measures of a 12 min running test, standing long jump, sit-up and push-up tests, and body mass, height and waist circumference (WC). Baseline data were stratified into tertiles, and the changes within each tertile were analysed using dependent t-tests and analysis of variance.Results12 min running test distance decreased on average by 2% (−54 m), sit-up performance 3% (−1.5 repetitions (reps)/min), push-up performance 4% (−1.9 reps/min) and standing long jump performance 1% (−2.1 cm) over the 3-year period (p<0.05). Both aerobic and muscular fitness decreased consistently among the highest baseline tertile (12 min running test: −70 m, sit-ups: −3.2 reps/min, push-ups: −7.5 reps/min, standing long jump: −5.5 cm; p<0.001), whereas both aerobic and muscular fitness levels were maintained and push-up performance was improved (p<0.05) in the lowest baseline tertiles. Body mass increased on average by 4% (+3.4 kg) and WC by 4% (+3.9 cm) (p<0.001), and these increases were observed for all baseline tertiles (p<0.05).ConclusionsSmall decrements in physical fitness and anthropometrics exist during the early career of soldiers. The changes in physical fitness differed according to baseline fitness levels. The results indicate that support for exercise training may be needed even in a soldier’s early career.

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Effects of Equine-Assistant Activity on Gross Motor Coordination in Children Aged 8 to 10 Years

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1155/2022/3623686 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2022 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

XiaoDong Cheng ◽

XiaoYang Kong ◽

Yongzhao Fan ◽

XiangYu Wang ◽

ZiHao Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Coordination ◽

Control Group ◽

Critical Factors ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Lower Limb Strength ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Long Jump ◽

Education Activity ◽

And Control

Generally, adequate motor coordination (MC) ability is one among the critical factors for the overall development of children. In this paper, we have thoroughly analyzed the effects of equine-assistant activity (EAA) training on MC in children. For this purpose, MC test, specifically for children, was used to the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK), and a total of 100 children, particularly those in 8 to 10 age, were equally separated into equine-assistant activity group (EAAG) and control group (CG), respectively. The EAAG group has attended a 14-week EAA training program, while the CG joined in physical education activity once per week. The experimental results have indicated that four indices of KTK test (i.e., backward walk [WB], height jump [HH], jumping sideways [JS] and moving sideways [MS], and motor quotient [MQ] score) showed significant differences ( ∗ P < 0.05 ) after a 14-week EAA training. Furthermore, the indices of physical fitness test, standing long jump (SLJ), and sit and reach (SAR) showed significant differences ( ∗ P < 0.05 ), but the handgrip (HG) increased slightly without significant difference ( P > 0.05 ) after a 14-week EAA training. In conclusion, there were improvements in MC, lower limb strength, and flexibility by EAAG for those who participated in a 14-week EAA training, and this study has demonstrated the effectiveness of the KTK assessment of MC in children 8 to 10 years.

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Retrospective Cohort Analysis of the Army Physical Fitness Test and the Occupational Physical Assessment Test in Reserve Officer Training Corps Cadets: A Brief Report

Military Medicine ◽

10.1093/milmed/usz489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 185 (7-8) ◽

pp. e937-e943

Author(s):

Cathryn Draicchio ◽

Joel R Martin ◽

Marcie B Fyock-Martin ◽

Justin J Merrigan

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Lower Body ◽

Officer Training ◽

Physical Fitness Test ◽

Fitness Test ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Long Jump ◽

Reserve Officer Training Corps ◽

Training Corps

ABSTRACT Introduction Because of the physical fitness requirements of Military Occupational Specialties (MOSs) within the US Army, fitness testing batteries have been developed. The Occupational Physical Assessment Test (OPAT) has been used for determining occupation assignment and is meant to assess upper and lower body muscular power, muscular strength, and aerobic capacity. The Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) is a general fitness assessment meant to test upper and lower body muscular endurance and aerobic capacity. Comparisons of the two testing batteries as well as evaluation of potential sex differences are missing from current literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the sex differences in APFT and OPAT performances, as well as the relationship between the APFT and OPAT individual test events. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis, approved by the university’s institutional review board, was conducted on a sample of 90 Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets (men, n = 72, age = 19.7 ± 2.2 years, height = 1.79 ± 0.21 m, mass = 75.18 ± 12.38 kg; women, n = 18, age = 19.8 ± 2.2 years, height = 1.63 ± 0.09 m, mass = 65.56 ± 9.03 kg) from the Fall 2018 semester. The cadets completed the APFT (maximal push-ups, maximal sit-ups, 2-mile run) and OPAT (standing long jump, seated power throw, a deadlift test, and interval aerobic run) protocols per army standards. Analysis of variance assessed sex differences and correlation coefficients were computed to examine the strength of relationships between individual test events (p < 0.05). Results All APFT and OPAT event performances were lower in women compared to men (p < 0.05), except the sit-up test (p = 0.382). Seated power throw (Z = 2.285; p = 0.011), 2-mile run (Z = 1.97; p = 0.024), and strength deadlift (Z = 1.783; p = 0.037) were more highly correlated to push-up than aerobic interval run. The standing long jump (Z = 1.741; p = 0.041), power throw (Z = 3.168; p = 0.001), strength deadlift (Z = 2.989; p = 0.001), and shuttle run (Z = 2.933 p = 0.002) were less correlated with the sit-up than 2-mile run. The interval aerobic run was more related to the 2-mile run than the power throw (Z = 1.809, p = 0.035). Compared to the aerobic interval run, the standing long jump (Z = 2.969, p = 0.001) and strength deadlift (Z = 4.237, p < 0.001) were more related to the seated power throw. Conclusions Sex differences and varied relationships among individual events on two common military fitness test batteries were observed. Lower performances on APFT and OPAT by women may suggest the need to evaluate potential training methods to assist women in reaching their desired MOS. Further, individual OPAT events displayed weaker relationships compared with the relationships among individual APFT event, suggesting a greater degree of redundancy among the events on the APFT. Therefore, the combination of APFT and OPAT may offer a greater opportunity to measure physical fitness capabilities as related to various military job performance tasks.

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CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF FITNESS AND PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN FROM FIRST-GRADE SWIMMING CLASSES COMPARED TO PEERS

Journal of Kinesiology and Exercise Sciences ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0012.1431 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (79) ◽

pp. 71-84

Author(s):

Hanna Żukowska ◽

Mirosława Szark-Eckardt

Keyword(s):

Sexual Dimorphism ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Training Group ◽

First Grade ◽

Physical Development ◽

Hand Strength ◽

Control Group ◽

Strength Measurement ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Long Jump

Introduction. In the changes occurring in competitive sport, proper choice and selection for sport and the age of starting the training are of great importance. Aim. Determining the magnitude of changes in physical fitness and physical development of first-grade children practicing swimming in relation to the non-training peers. Material and methods. The study included two groups of children - the first one was a children practicing swimming (26 boys and 23 girls) and the second one was a non-training class (26 boys and 23 girls). In both groups, MTSF trials were conducted in September and June. The results of the study focused on three aspects: the evaluation of sexual dimorphism, the identification of differences and their direction between groups and sex. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in physical development among children who practiced swimming. There were statistically significant differences in body heights in the non-training group - only in the first study (boys – 120.30; girls – 117.86) also in body weight in the first study (boys – 24.57; girls – 21.22) and also in the second study (boys – 26,80; girls – 22,83). In the assessment of physical fitness, in the group of children training swimming, sexual dimorphism was found in: standing long jump (only in the first study boys – 151,65, girls – 134,96); hand strength measurement (only in the first study boys – 23.5; girls – 19,36); bent arm hang, both in the first study (boys – 13,40; girls – 7,70) and also in the second study (ch-14,46; dz-6,31); forward stretches (only in the first study boys – 5; girls – 1.34); 4x10m run both in the first study (boys – 14,54; girls – 15,23) and also in the second study (boys – 13,66; girls – 15,11). Whereas, in the control group in: standing long jump (also only in the first study boys – 107.78; hand strength measurement in both the first study (boys – 18,95; girls – 12,26) as in the second study (boys – 12,09; girls – 12,77); bent arm hang (only in the first study (boys – 8.21; girls – 3.02); forward stretches in both the first (boys – 2,43; girls – 1,30) as in the second study (boys – 3,30; girls – 2,19). Conclusions. In both groups, boys as well as girls reported statistically significant changes in physical development, which is a normal symptom of growth, but only in the group of girls a statistically significant increase in BMI occured. In evaluating swimming training and its effect on fitness, it can be stated that the boys were positively influenced by such tests as (bent arm hang and sit-ups) and negatively by 50 m and 600 m run. On the other hand, among girls: positive only in the sit-ups test, and negative, as in the group of boys in at 50 m and 600 m run. In the group of girls, it was also noted that the trainees, despite the fact that in the first study achieved a significantly better result in the bent arm hang test, in the second attempt they obtained a considerably weaker result, while the non-training girls in the second measurement achieved a statistically better result than the first one.

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Physical Fitness Promotion among Adolescents: Effects of a Jump Rope-Based Physical Activity Afterschool Program

Children ◽

10.3390/children7080095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (8) ◽

pp. 95 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaofeng Yang ◽

Joonyoung Lee ◽

Xiangli Gu ◽

Xiaoxia Zhang ◽

Tao Zhang

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Muscular Strength ◽

Afterschool Program ◽

Left Hand ◽

Hand Grip ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Long Jump ◽

Jump Rope ◽

Rope Skipping

The major purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a jump rope-based physical activity afterschool program on middle school students’ physical fitness. Sixty students (Mage = 13.37, SD = 0.58; 53.3% female) participated in a 12-week jump rope-based afterschool program (45 min/time, three times/week). Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) freestyle rope skipping (N = 20), traditional jump rope (N = 20), and a control group (N = 20). Physical fitness tests, including muscular strength (standing long jump, right-hand grip, and left-hand grip), flexibility, body composition, and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured in pre- and post-tests. A 2 (time) × 3 (groups) repeated measure multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed. The results found significant improvements in muscular strength (standing long jump, right-hand grip, and left-hand grip) in both intervention groups (p < 0.001; ds = 0.2–0.44). Only the freestyle rope skipping group had increased BMD (p < 0.05, d = 0.33). Compared to the traditional jump rope, the freestyle rope skipping group showed significantly higher improvement in flexibility (p < 0.05, d = 0.83). These findings suggest that the jump rope-based afterschool program with freestyle rope skipping would be more effective than traditional jump rope to promote physical fitness performance among adolescents.

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THE EFFECTS OF THE ARTHISTIC GYMNASTICS PROGRAM ON PHYSICAL FITNESS OF ADOLESCENTS

Facta Universitatis Series Physical Education and Sport ◽

10.22190/fupes190413034m ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 385

Author(s):

Marija Miletić ◽

Hadži Saša Ilić ◽

Miljan Jeremić ◽

Milutin Parlić ◽

Igor Ilić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Education ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Main Phase ◽

Control Group ◽

Measuring Instruments ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Long Jump ◽

Discriminatory Analysis

The aim of the research is to determine the effects of the arthistic gymnastics program on the Physical fitness of adolescents. The sample of participants consisted of 28 participants, males, aged 14 years ± 6 months, seventh grade of "Bubanjski Heroji" elementary school in Niš. The sample was divided into two subgroups. The experimental group (EG) consisted of 14 participants who, during the experimental period, realized the program of artistic gymnastics during the main phase of a physical education class, ten weeks in two classes of 45 minutes. The control group (CG) consisted of 14 participants who during the experimental period realized the program contents of regular physical education in the main phase of physical education. The sample of motorized measuring instruments consisted of three variables of explosive power (standing long jump, triple jump off the site and vertical jump) and three variants of sprint run (20m flat out with a flying start flat out with a flying start, 30m flat out with a flying start flat out with a flying start and 50m flat out with a flying start flat out with a flying start). The program "Statistica" 8.0 for Windows was used, for calculation of basic statistics, canonical discriminatory analysis and multivariate analysis of covariates. The results of the study showed that there are statistically significant effects of the use of the artistic gymnastics exercises in the main part of the physical education course on the Physical fitness of the adolescent of the EG at the end of the experimental period.

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HOW DOES PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AFFECT PHYSICAL FITNESS ELEMENTS IN CHILDREN AGED 5-9?

European Journal of Fitness, Nutrition and Sport Medicine Studies ◽

10.46827/ejfnsm.v2i1.102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Aslihan Buksur ◽

Umut Canli ◽

Cüneyt Taskin

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Weight ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Core Strength ◽

Explosive Strength ◽

Jump Test ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Long Jump ◽

Run Test

This study was conducted to examine the effect of participation in physical activity on physical fitness parameters in children aged 5-9 years. A total of 83 children, 44 girls, and 39 boys, studying in a private primary school participated in the study voluntarily. The Eurofit Test Battery was used to evaluate the physical fitness levels of children. Within the scope of the Eurofit test battery; the body weight and height values of the children were measured. In the determination of motoric performances, flamingo balance, disc touch, sit-reach, standing long jump, sit-up, bent-arm hanging, and 5x10 meter sit-up tests were used. A personal information form prepared by the researchers was used to determine demographic characteristics. Whether the data is normally distributed or not was checked with kurtosis and skewness values. In the statistical analysis dimension; descriptive analysis (mean, standard deviation, median, min-max value, ratio, frequency), independent samples t test (Independent Samples t test) were used. In terms of children having an athlete license, a significant difference was found in their height, standing long jump test, sit-up test, bent-arm hanging test, 5x10 meter sit-up run test scores (p>0.05). A significant difference was found in the findings of height, body weight, standing long jump test, sit-up test, bent arm hanging test, 5x10 meter sit-up run test in terms of children's participation in traditional children's games (p>0.05). As a result, it has been determined that children's having an athlete's license increases their height, explosive strength, core strength endurance, upper extremity strength endurance, agility, and again, the students' participation in traditional children's games has positive effect on height, body weight, explosive strength, core strength endurance, upper extremity strength endurance and agility. Article visualizations:<img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0891/a.php" alt="Hit counter" />

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Short-Term FIFA 11+ Improves Agility and Jump Performance in Young Soccer Players

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17062017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nebojša Trajković ◽

Marko Gušić ◽

Slavko Molnar ◽

Draženka Mačak ◽

Dejan M. Madić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Performance ◽

Performance Outcomes ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Control Group ◽

Football Players ◽

Short Term ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Warm Up ◽

Standing Long Jump ◽

Long Jump

Studies dealing with the effectiveness of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 11+ prevention program to improve performance outcomes in children aged < 14 years are limited. This study aimed to point out the effects of the application of short-term FIFA 11+ warm-up program on physical performance in young football players. Participants were 36 youth male football players, divided into a FIFA 11+ (n = 19; mean (SD) age: 11.15 (0.79) y) and a control group (CG: n = 17; age: 10.87 (0.8) y) and trained for 4 weeks. Before and after the training period, standing long jump performance, agility, repeated sprint ability, sit and reach, and “30–15” intermittent fitness tests were assessed. A mixed ANOVA showed significant differences between the groups in the standing long jump test (FIFA 11+: 5.6% vs. CG: −1.9%) in favor of FIFA 11+ over CG. Additionally, the FIFA 11+ performance of the Illinois agility test was significantly better compared to the CG performance (FIFA 11+: −1.9% vs. CG: 0.03%). The main findings of this study suggest that just 4 weeks of implementation of the FIFA 11+ improves physical performance compared with traditional warm-up routines in young soccer players.

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