scholarly journals Prevention of Diabetic Complications by Walnut Leaf Extract via Changing Aldose Reductase Activity: An Experiment in Diabetic Rat Tissue

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zahra Abbasi ◽  
Gholamali Jelodar ◽  
Bita Geramizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Rat Tissue

Background. Increased activity of aldose reductase (AR) is one of the mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic complications. Inhibiting AR can be a target to prevent diabetes complications. This study is aimed at evaluating the effect of cyclohexane (CH) and ethanol extracts (ET) of walnut leaves on AR activity in the lens and testis of diabetic rats. Methods. Fifty-six male rats classified into seven groups as control and treatment groups and treated for 30 days. The treatment groups were treated with different concentrations of ET and CH. The diabetic control (DC) group was exposed to streptozotocin. AR activity was measured in the lens and testis. The expression of AR in the testis was evaluated by the immunohistochemistry method. Results. Both extracts significantly reduced the AR activity (ng/mg of tissue protein) in the testis (0.034±0.004, 0.038±0.010, and 0.040±0.007 in the treatment groups vs. 0.075±0.007 in the DC group) and lens (1.66±0.09, 2.70±0.47, and 1.77±0.20 in the treatment groups vs. 6.29±0.48 in the DC group) of the treatment group compared to those of the DC group (P<0.05). AR expression in the testes of the treatment groups was decreased compared with that of the DC group (P<0.0001). Conclusion. Walnut leaf extracts can reduce the activity and localization of AR in the testes and its activity in the lens of diabetic rats.

Deficient renal 20-HETE release in the diabetic rat is not the result of oxidative stress

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (5) ◽  
pp. H2305-H2312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Jung Chen ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
John Quilley
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Nitric Oxide Formation ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
And Control

We confirmed that release of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) from the isolated perfused kidney of diabetic rats is greatly reduced compared with age-matched control rats. The present studies were undertaken to examine potential mechanisms for the deficit in renal 20-HETE in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes of 3–4 wk duration. A role for oxidative stress was excluded, inasmuch as treatment of diabetic rats with tempol, an SOD mimetic, for 4 wk did not affect the renal release of 20-HETE. Similarly, chronic inhibition of nitric oxide formation with nitro-l-arginine methyl ester or aldose reductase with zopolrestat failed to alter the release of 20-HETE from the diabetic rat kidney. Inasmuch as 20-HETE may be metabolized by cyclooxygenase (COX), the expression/activity of which is increased in diabetes, we included indomethacin in the perfusate of the isolated kidney to inhibit COX but found no effect on 20-HETE release. Diabetic rats were treated for 3 wk with fenofibrate to increase expression of cytochrome P-450 (CYP4A) in an attempt to find an intervention that would restore release of 20-HETE from the diabetic rat kidney. However, fenofibrate reduced 20-HETE release in diabetic and control rat kidneys but increased expression of CYP4A. Only insulin treatment of diabetic rats for 2 wk to reverse the hyperglycemia and maintain blood glucose levels at <200 mg/dl reversed the renal deficit in 20-HETE. We conclude that oxidative stress, increased aldose reductase activity, or increased COX activity does not contribute to the renal deficit of 20-HETE in diabetes, which may be directly related to insulin deficiency.

scholarly journals Chemoprevention of Experimental Periodontitis in Diabetic Rats with Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles Loaded with Resveratrol

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Giménez-Siurana ◽  
Francisco Gómez García ◽  
Ana Pagan Bernabeu ◽  
Antonio Abel Lozano-Pérez ◽  
Salvador D. Aznar-Cervantes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles ◽  
Experimental Periodontitis ◽  
Inflammatory Profile ◽  
The Sacrifice

Objective: the objective of the present work is to study the effectiveness of treatment with silk fibroin nanoparticles loaded with resveratrol in experimental periodontitis in a diabetic rat model. Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory pathology highly related to other diseases, such as type II diabetes. Both diseases have a specific inflammatory condition, with Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and Transforming Grow Factor (TGF)-1β being the most relevant proinflammatory factors. Silk fibroin (SF) nanoparticles loaded with resveratrol (Res-SFN) are a new alternative as a treatment. Methods: 40 diabetic Sprague Dawley male rats were used and periodontitis was induced by ligation. The animals were divided into 5 treatment groups, and 1 mL of treatment was administered once a day for 4 weeks. The groups were: I: Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 0.8%, II: CMC 0.8% + SF 1%, III: CMC 0.8% + RES-SFN 3 mg/mL, IV: CMC 0.8% + SF 1% + RES-SFN 3 mg/mL, V: Water. A peripheral blood sample was taken every week to quantify the inflammatory profile by ELISA (IL-6, IL-1β and TGF-1β). After 4 weeks the sacrifice was carried out and biopsies of the gum were taken. Results: Treatment with SF and RES-SFN reduced the amount of chemical inflammation mediators (with the exception of IL-1β in comparisons I-IV and II-IV (p > 0.05)), as well as the anatomopathological variables linked to it, in a significant way (p < 0.05). Conclusion: treatment with RES-SFN has reduced local inflammation in this experimental periodontitis model.

scholarly journals Impact of Ellagic Acid in Bone Formation after Tooth Extraction: An Experimental Study on Diabetic Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazen M. Jamil Al-Obaidi ◽  
Fouad Hussain Al-Bayaty ◽  
Rami Al Batran ◽  
Jamal Hussaini ◽  
Goot Heah Khor
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Tooth Extraction ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tooth Socket ◽  
The Impact

Objectives. To estimate the impact of ellagic acid (EA) towards healing tooth socket in diabetic animals, after tooth extraction.Methods. Twenty-fourSprague Dawleymale rats weighing 250–300 g were selected for this study. All animals were intraperitoneally injected with 45 mg/kg (b.w.) of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ), to induce diabetic mellitus. Then, the animals were anesthetized, and the upper left central incisor was extracted and the whole extracted sockets were filled with Rosuvastatin (RSV). The rats were separated into three groups, comprising 8 rats each. The first group was considered as normal control group and orally treated with normal saline. The second group was regarded as diabetic control group and orally treated with normal saline, whereas the third group comprised diabetic rats, administrated with EA (50 mg/kg) orally. The maxilla tissue stained by eosin and hematoxylin (H&E) was used for histological examinations and immunohistochemical technique. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were used to evaluate the healing process in the extracted tooth socket by immunohistochemistry test.Results. The reactions of immunohistochemistry for FGF-2 and ALP presented stronger expression, predominantly in EA treated diabetic rat, than the untreated diabetic rat.Conclusion. These findings suggest that the administration of EA combined with RSV may have accelerated the healing process of the tooth socket of diabetic rats, after tooth extraction.

The ability of active fraction from Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty Ex.P.C.Silva to Decrease Glucose Levels inhibit advanced Glycation End-Products (AGEs) Formation and RAGE (AGER) Gene Expression in Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuning ◽  
Evy - Yulianti ◽  
Sunarti - Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽  
Glycated Albumin ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background. Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex P.C.Silva is a widely used seaweed that has antioxidant and antiglycation activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of active fraction from Kappaphycus alvarezii to decrease glucose level and inhibit glycation process. Methods. This study used bioassay-guided fractionation through three stages of the extraction, partition, and fractionation processes that were monitored using Thin Layer Chromatography and BSA-Glucose test. Inhibition of glycation was known by calculating percentage of inhibition and IC50. Selected active fraction was used for in vivo tests using 24 Wistar male rats. Measurement of glucose levels used GOD-PAP method, while levels of glycated albumin (GA) and Nε- (carboxymethyl) lysine (CML) were measured using ELISA. Analysis of RAGE gene expression used qPCR. Results Glycation test showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between all treatments. Chloroform extract showed higher percentage of inhibition (62.4 ± 3.45%) with lower IC50 (0.33 ± 0.01 mg/ml) compared to methanol extract (0.52 ± 0.03 mg/ml). Methanol-soluble extracts had a higher percentage of inhibition (51.10 ± 1.64%) with IC50 0.45 ± 0.05 mg/ml compared to methanol-insoluble extract (1.25 ± 0.05 mg/ml). Fraction II had a higher percentage of inhibition (53.37 ± 1.92%) with IC50 0.12 ± 0.01 mg/ml compared to other fractions. Selected active fraction reduced blood glucose by 1.3% and 5.2% and CML levels by 50.6% and 42.4% at concentrations of 0.17 and 0.255 mg/ml in diabetic rats. RAGE gene expression was lower in the diabetic rat groups treated with active fraction compared to untreated diabetic group. Conclusions The active fraction has ability for reducing blood glucose, antiglycation, or reducing CML levels, and RAGE gene expression.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic potential of the leaf extract of Centella asiatica in alloxaninduced diabetic rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talha Bin Emran ◽  
Mycal Dutta ◽  
Mir Muhammad Nasir Uddin ◽  
Aninda Kumar Nath ◽  
Md Zia Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat

The study was designed to evaluate the glucose and cholesterol lowering effect of the aqueous extract of Centella asiatica leaf using the alloxan-induced diabetic rats and compared the activity with diabetic control and antidiabetic drug (Glibenclamide). Leaf extract (50 mg/kg) of C. asiatica and Glibenclamide were administered to normal and experimental diabetic rats for the duration of 10 days. In the alloxan-induced diabetic rat model, C. asiatica extract (50 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the fasting blood glucose level as well as the total cholesterol level. Serum insulin levels were not stimulated in the animals treated with the extract. In addition, changes in body weight, serum lipid profiles and liver glycogen levels assessed in the extract treated diabetic rats were compared with diabetic control and normal animals. Significant results (p < 0.05) were observed in the estimated parameters. Surprisingly, body weight was increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the C. asiatica treated diabetic group. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, steroids and tannins in significant amountsJahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(1): 51-59, 2015 (June)

scholarly journals Comparative Study of the Antioxidant Effects of Metformin, Glibenclamide, and Repaglinide in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonaventure Chukwunonso Obi ◽  
Theophine Chinwuba Okoye ◽  
Victor Eshu Okpashi ◽  
Christiana Nonye Igwe ◽  
Edwin Olisah Alumanah
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Diabetes mellitus is one of the serious global health problems affecting a significant proportion of both developed and developing countries. Overproduction of free radicals and oxidative stress has been associated with the development of diabetic complications. In the present study, the antioxidant effects of metformin (MET), glibenclamide (GLI), and repaglinide (REP) were evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The findings from this study may possibly help in understanding the efficacy of these standard drugs in managing the complications arising from diabetes mellitus (DM). Alloxan (130 mg/kg BW) was administered as a single dose to induce diabetes. Four (4) groups of rats (n=6) were used; group 1 served as diabetic control while groups 2, 3, and 4 were the diabetic test groups that received MET (25 mg/kg), GLI (2.5 mg/kg), and REP (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. The result of the study showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in the altered antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT) and GSH concentration in diabetic treated rats compared with the diabetic control group. MET and REP produced significant effect on the MDA concentration while GLI showed insignificant reduction in the MDA concentration compared with the diabetic control. Findings from this study suggest that the administration of MET, GLI, and REP exerts significant antioxidant effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats, thus contributing to the protective effect against oxidative stress-induced damage during diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic Effect of Young and Old Ethanolic Leaf Extracts ofVernonia amygdalina: A Comparative Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Du-Bois Asante ◽  
Emmanuel Effah-Yeboah ◽  
Precious Barnes ◽  
Heckel Amoabeng Abban ◽  
Elvis Ofori Ameyaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Preliminary Screening ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

The young leaves ofVernonia amygdalinaare often utilized as vegetable and for medicinal purpose compared to the old leaves. This study was designed to evaluate and compare the antidiabetic effects between ethanolic leaf extracts of old and youngV. amygdalinaon streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rat for four weeks. Preliminary screening of both young and old ethanolic extracts revealed the presence of the same phytochemicals except flavonoids which was only present in the oldV. amygdalina. Difference in antioxidant power between the young and old leaf extracts was statistically significant (p<0.05). Both leaf extracts produced a significant (p<0.05) antihyperglycaemic effect. Also results from treated rats revealed increasing effect in some haematological parameters. Similarly, the higher dose (300 mg/kg) of both extracts significantly (p<0.05) reduced serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels as compared to the diabetic control rats. Results also showed significant (p<0.05) decrease in LDL-C and VLDL-C in the extract-treated rats with a corresponding increase in HDL-C, as compared to the diabetic control rats. Moreover histopathological analysis revealed ameliorative effect of pathological insults induced by the STZ in the pancreas, liver, and spleen, most significantly the regeneration of the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans in treated rats.

scholarly journals Rapid Identification and Isolation of Inhibitors of Rat Lens Aldose Reductase and Antioxidant inMaackia amurensis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Set Byeol Kim ◽  
Seung Hwan Hwang ◽  
Zhiqiang Wang ◽  
Jae Myung Yu ◽  
Soon Sung Lim
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Abts Assay

Oxidative stress and aldose reductase activity have been implicated in the development of diabetic complications. In this study, the antioxidant and aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory effects ofMaackia amurensis(MA) were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of the MA extract showed the highest inhibitory activity in antioxidant and rat lens AR (RLAR). To identify and isolate the active components in the ethyl acetate fraction of the MA extract, high-speed countercurrent chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography were performed and guided by an offline HPLC-ABTS assay and HPLC microfractionation AR assay. Four antioxidants, namely, piceatannol (IC50= 6.73 μM), resveratrol (IC50= 11.05 μM),trans-ferulic acid (IC50= 13.51 μM), and chlorogenic acid (IC50= 27.23 μM), and six AR inhibitors, namely, chlorogenic acid (IC50= 4.2 μM), tectoridin (IC50= 50.4 μM), genistein (IC50= 57.1 μM), formononetin (IC50= 69.2 μM), resveratrol (IC50= 117.6 μM), and daidzein (IC50= 151.9 μM), were isolated and identified. The screening results of the offline HPLC-ABTS assay and HPLC microfractionation AR assay matched the activity of isolated compounds. Thus, MA is potentially valuable for antioxidant and AR inhibitor discovery and efficient drug design for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Anti-diabetic, Antioxidants, Anti-hepatorenaltoxicity Activities of Cyperus rotundus Rhizome Extract in Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Awar ◽  
Turki Alqabbani
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Amylase Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Objective: The hypoglycemic, hepatorenalprotective, and antioxidant Activities of Cyperus rotundus rhizomes extract in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model were investigated in this work.Methods: 25 Male rats were divided into 5 groups: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic of C. rotundus (200 mg/kg b.w), diabetic of C. rotundus (400 mg/kg b.w), diabetic of glibenclamide (0.6mg/kg).Treatments were administered orally for 6 weeks.Results: A single injection of alloxan to rats (150mg/kg b.w) caused pathological alterations in all studied parameters and histological structure of the pancreas. On the other hand, results showed that oral administration of C. rotundus rhizomes extract in dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg caused significant reduction in glucose, HbA1C%, &alpha;-amylase level and plasma lactate together with significant elevation in serum insulin, serum pyruvate with an improvement in insulin resistance. In line with amelioration of the diabetic state, C. rotundus rhizomes extract improved of the liver and kidney functions, and oxidative marker levels. Moreover, the extract succeeded to reduce the elevated serum total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and to elevate the reduced high-density lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-C) level of diabetic rats.Conclusion: The investigation data concluded that C. rotundus rhizomes extract could be used as alternative treatments as antidiabetic, antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic, and agent as well as in liver and kidney protective in alloxan induced-diabetic rats. This may be related to the presence of saponin glycosides, polyphenols, flavonoids, and terpenoids in the ethanolic extract of C. rotundus rhizomes, which was discovered by phytochemical screening in this study to be present in the plant.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Oxidative Changes in High Fat Diet/Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Metformin and the Polyherbal Diawell

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
O. N. Briggs ◽  
E. O. Nwachuku ◽  
D. Tamuno-Emine ◽  
N. Nsirim ◽  
K. N. Elechi-Amadi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oxidant Status

Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic, with a huge disease burden on the patients. This has led to an increase in the use of herbal remedies and combination therapies to reduce this burden. Aim: This study evaluates the biochemical and oxidative changes in type 2 diabetic rats, treated with metformin and the polyherbal drug diawell. Methodology: A total of 35 male Wistar albino rats weighing between 120-220 g were used for this study. The rats were placed on high fat diet, and diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of freshly prepared streptozotocin (STZ) (45 mg/kg body wt). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was determined using the glucose oxidase method. Fasting plasma insulin (FPI), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were quantitatively determined by a rat-specific sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Insulin resistance (IR) was determined using the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) was determined by the ratio of TOS to TAS. Phytochemical analysis was also done on the herbal tablet. Results: Mean FPG levels were significantly lower (p˂0.05) in all groups, except the group administered diawell, which was not significantly different (p>0.05), compared to the diabetic control. Mean FPG levels were significantly higher (p˂0.05) in the metformin group, diawell group, but showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the combination group, compared to the negative control. HOMA-IR was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the diabetic control compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The metformin and diawell groups had significantly higher (p˂0.05) HOMA-IR values, whereas the combination (metformin + diawell) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) when compared to the negative control. TOS was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the diabetic control compared to the negative control and treatment groups. The metformin and diawell groups had significantly higher (p˂0.05) TOS values, whereas the combination (metformin + diawell) showed no significant difference (p>0.05) when compared to the negative control. There was significantly lower (p˂0.05) TAS levels in the diabetic and treatment groups, compared to the negative control. OSI values were significantly lower (p˂0.05) in all groups when compared to the diabetic control. Also, OSI values were significantly higher (p˂0.05) in the treatment groups compared to the negative control. Conclusion: There was depletion of antioxidant parameters and an increase in oxidative stress in the diabetic rats. Administration of metformin and the polyherbal tablet diawell individually, were not effective in correcting the pathological and biochemical changes associated with diabetes. However, the combination treatment produced a better glycaemic response and attenuated the oxidant status in the rats. Antioxidant therapy should be incorporated in diabetes management, and anti-diabetic herbals properly evaluated.

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