scholarly journals Exercise-Linked Irisin Prevents Mortality and Enhances Cognition in a Mice Model of Cerebral Ischemia by Regulating Klotho Expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Zhao Jin ◽  
Zongze Zhang ◽  
Jianjuan Ke ◽  
Yanlin Wang ◽  
Huisheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Protein Expressions ◽  
The Impact

Irisin, which can be released in the hippocampus after physical exercise, is demonstrated to have beneficial effects on neurovascular diseases. This study investigated the impact of exercise linked-irisin on mortality and cognition in a mice model of cerebral ischemia and further explored its underlying mechanism. The cerebrospinal concentrations of irisin and klotho from ischemic stroke patients were measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cognitive function of mice was evaluated by a series of behavioural experiments. The expressions of klotho, MnSOD, and FOXO3a in the hippocampus of mice were detected by Western blot. Superoxide production in the brain tissue of mice was evaluated with the dihydroethidium (DHE) dying. The results demonstrated that stroke patients showed a positive correlation between their CSF irisin concentration and klotho concentration. In addition, when mice subjected to cerebral ischemia, their cognitive function was impaired, the protein expressions of klotho, MnSOD, and FOXO3a downregulated, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased compared with the sham group. After pretreatment with exogenous irisin, improved cognitive impairment, upregulated protein expressions of klotho, MnSOD, and FOXO3a, and reduced ROS generation were observed in mice with MCAO. However, the neuroprotective effects of irisin compromised with the evidence of severe cognitive impairment, decreased protein expressions of MnSOD and FOXO3a, and increased ROS production in klotho knockout mice. Thus, our results indicated that exercise-linked irisin could prevent mortality and improve cognitive impairment after cerebral ischemia by regulating klotho expression.

The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Psychiatric Illnesses ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
The Impact

The prevalence of cognitive impairment caused by neurodegenerative diseases and other neurologic disorders associated with aging is expected to rise dramatically between now and year 2050, when the population of Americans aged 65 or older will nearly double. Cognitive impairment also commonly occurs in other neurologic conditions, as well as in non-neurologic medical disorders (and their treatments), idiopathic psychiatric illnesses, and adult neurodevelopmental disorders. Cognitive impairment can thus infiltrate all aspects of healthcare, making it necessary for clinicians and clinical researchers to have an integrated knowledge of the spectrum of adult cognitive disorders. The Oxford Handbook of Adult Cognitive Disorders is meant to serve as an up-to-date, scholarly, and comprehensive volume covering most diseases, conditions, and injuries resulting in impairments in cognitive function in adults. Topics covered include normal cognitive and brain aging, the impact of medical disorders (e.g., cardiovascular, liver, pulmonary) and psychiatric illnesses (e.g., depression and bipolar disorder) on cognitive function, adult neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., Down Syndrome, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), as well as the various neurological conditions (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, concussion). A section of the Handbook is also dedicated to unique perspectives and special considerations for the clinicians and clinical researchers, covering topics such as cognitive reserve, genetics, diversity, and neuroethics. The target audience of this Handbook includes: (1) clinicians, particularly psychologists, neuropsychologists, neurologists (including behavioral and cognitive neurologists), geriatricians, and psychiatrists (including neuropsychiatrists), who provide clinical care and management for adults with a diverse range of cognitive disorders; (2) clinical researchers who investigate cognitive outcomes and functioning in adult populations; and (3) graduate level students and post-doctoral trainees studying psychology, clinical neuroscience, and various medical specialties.

scholarly journals Methionine Restriction Alleviates Aging-related Cognitive Dysfunction via Stimulating FGF21-driven Mitochondrial Biogenesis (P14-026-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ren ◽  
Luanfeng Wang ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
Xuebo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Methionine Restriction

Abstract Objectives Moderate dietary methionine restriction (MR) extends life span in various animal models and delays the onset of aging-associated pathologies. However, the neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanism of MR on age and age-related diseases still remain to be investigated. Notably, fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21), a MR responding hormone mostly generated from liver, plays a critical role in neuronal mitochondrial function. Here, we aimed to reveal the neuroprotective effects of MR and the mediating role of FGF21 in aging mice model. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice (2-, 12-, and 15- month-old) were treated with control methionine diet (0.86% methionine) and methionine restriction diet (0.17% methionine) for 3 months. Adeno-associated virus was employed to build FGF21 knockdown mice model. Behavioral tests, synapse ultrastructure detection, and amino acid metabolomics were performed to evaluate cognitive function, neuron damage and signaling pathway activation. Results In behavioral tests, we found that MR significantly improved aging-induced decreased in spatial memory and cognitive function. Meanwhile, MR ameliorated neuronal damage and synapses structure damages in aging mice hippocampus. Moreover, MR significantly improved the mRNA expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics related genes such as COX2/fis1/pink1/binp1/drp1 in aging mice brain. MR also altered plasma amino acid metabolic phenotype-related glutathione synthesis, energy metabolism, and nervous system function. Furthermore, we found that MR could significant increase FGF21 level in both liver and serum of aging mice. Knockdown of FGF21 dramatically diminished the benefits of MR on cognitive impairments. Conclusions These results showed that MR mitigated aging-induced memory impairment and synapses structure damages via activating FGF21 signaling pathway. The study suggest that this dietary restriction might be plausible therapeutic intervention for aging and other neurodegenerative diseases such AD and PD. Funding Sources This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China, National Natural Science Foundation of China. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals Prospective Associations of Erythrocyte Composition and Dietary Intake of n-3 and n-6 PUFA with Measures of Cognitive Function

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman Bigornia ◽  
Tammy Scott ◽  
William Harris ◽  
Katherine Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Dietary Pufa ◽  
The Impact

Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) consumption is recommended as part of a healthy diet, but evidence of the impact of individual species and biological concentrations on cognitive function is limited. We examined prospective associations of PUFA erythrocyte composition and dietary intake with measures of cognitive function among participants of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (aged 57 years). Erythrocyte and dietary PUFA composition were ascertained at baseline and associated with 2-year scores on the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) (n = 1032) and cognitive domain patterns derived from a battery of tests (n = 865), as well as with incidence of cognitive impairment. Erythrocyte and dietary n-3 PUFA were not significantly associated with MMSE score. However, total erythrocyte and dietary n-3 very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), and intake of individual species, were associated with better executive function (P-trend < 0.05, for all). There was evidence that greater erythrocyte n-6 eicosadienoic acid concentration was associated with lower MMSE and executive function scores (P-trend = 0.02). Only erythrocyte arachidonic acid (ARA) concentration predicted cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio = 1.26; P = 0.01). Among Puerto Rican adults, we found that n-3 VLCFA consumption may beneficially impact executive function. Further, these findings provide some evidence that n-6 metabolism favoring greater ARA tissue incorporation, but not necessarily dietary intake, could increase the risk of cognitive impairment.

Involvement of Erythropoietin Expression in Acupuncture Preconditioning-Induced Ischemic Tolerance

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 1650-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Mei Han ◽  
Hong Tao Wei ◽  
Song Yan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Protein Expressions

Abstract Objective To investigate the expression of erythropoietin (EPO) after acupuncture preconditioning plus focal cerebral ischemia treatment. Methods Rat focal cerebral ischemia model and acupuncture preconditioning model were established. Animals were randomly assigned into different groups: control (focal cerebral ischemia) and acupuncture preconditioning plus focal cerebral ischemia, with 8 rats for each group. The expression of EPO after different treatments was determined by histological examination, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results The mRNA and protein expressions of EPO could be detected in survival and necrotic neurons, glia as well as vascular endothelial cells. Focal cerebral ischemia promoted the expression of EPO. Significant enhanced EPO level was found in the ischemic peripheral zone after acupuncture preconditioning (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our results demonstrated that acupuncture preconditioning enhanced the expression of EPO in neurons, glia and vascular endothelial cells the ischemic peripheral zone, suggesting the involvement of EPO in acupuncture preconditioning-induced neuroprotection following focal cerebral ischemia. EPO may exert neuroprotective effects through promoting neurotrophic support and angiogenesis.

scholarly journals Circulating CD34-Positive Cells Provide a Marker of Vascular Risk Associated with Cognitive Impairment

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiko Taguchi ◽  
Tomohiro Matsuyama ◽  
Takayuki Nakagomi ◽  
Yoko Shimizu ◽  
Ryuzo Fukunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Vascular Type ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Cerebrovascular Health ◽  
Significant Change

Maintenance of uninterrupted cerebral circulation is critical for neural homeostasis. The level of circulating CD34-positive (CD34+) cells has been suggested as an index of cerebrovascular health, although its relationship with cognitive function has not yet been defined. In a group of individuals with cognitive impairment, the level of circulating CD34+ cells was quantified and correlated with clinical diagnoses. Compared with normal subjects, a significant decrease in circulating CD34+ cells was observed in patients with vascular-type cognitive impairment, although no significant change was observed in patients with Alzheimer's-type cognitive impairment who had no evidence of cerebral ischemia. The level of cognitive impairment was inversely correlated with numbers of circulating CD34+ cells in patients with vascular-type cognitive impairment, but not Alzheimer's type. We propose that the level of circulating CD34+ cells provides a marker of vascular risk associated with cognitive impairment, and that differences in the pathobiology of Alzheimer's- and vascular-type cognitive impairment may be mirrored in levels of circulating CD34+ cells in these patient populations.

scholarly journals Gambaran Fungsi Kognitif Pasien Pasca Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldi O. Boletimi ◽  
Mieke A. H. N. Kembuan ◽  
Junita M. Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Low Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Abstract Domains ◽  
And Gender

Abstract: Stroke or brain attack occurs directly and its incidence is still very high until now. It is reported that two-thirds of stroke patients suffered from cognitive impairment leading to dementia within three months after stroke that can interfere with one’s daily activities if left untreated. This study was aimed to obtain the description of cognitive function in post-stroke patients. This was a literature review study using three databases, as follows: Goggle Scholar, Pubmed, and Clinical Key, and the keywords were cognitive impairment, cognitive decline, post-stroke, and MoCA. There were 10 literatures that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that many post-stroke patients showed cognitive function decline in the visuospatial/executive, memory, language, attention, and abstract domains. Cognitive impairment occured mostly in male patients, age 60 years and over, low education, ischemic stroke, left hemisphere lesion, with a history of hypertension. In conclusion, there is a relationship between post-stroke cognitive impairment and the location of lesion, age, and education level, albeit, there was no relationship between the cognitive impairment and gender as well as diabetes mellitus.Keywords: cognitive impairment, post-stroke, MoCA Abstrak: Stroke menyerang otak secara langsung dengan angka kejadian yang masih sangat tinggi sampai saat ini. Dua pertiga pasien stroke dilaporkan mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif yang berujung pada demensia dalam tiga bulan pasca stroke serta dapat mengganggu aktivitas sehari-hari bila dibiarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran fungsi kognitif pasien pasca stroke. Jenis penelitian ialah literature review, dengan pencarian literatur pada tiga database yaitu Goggle Scholar, Pubmed, dan Clinical Key. Kata kunci yang digunakan ialah penurunan fungsi kognitif, pasca stroke, dan MoCA. Hasil seleksi mendapatkan 10 literatur yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada pasien pasca stroke sering terjadi penurunan fungsi kognitif dengan domain visuospasial/eksekutif, memori, bahasa, atensi, dan abstrak yang paling sering terganggu. Penurunan fungsi kognitif banyak ditemukan pada pasien laki-laki, usia 60 tahun ke atas, jenjang pendidikan rendah, stroke iskemik, lesi hemisfer kiri, dengan riwayat hipertensi. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah adanya hubungan antara penurunan fungsi kognitif dengan lokasi lesi, usia, dan jenjang pendidikan namun tidak terdapat hubungan dengan jenis kelamin dan diabetes melitus.Kata kunci: gangguan kognitif, pasca stroke, MoCA

scholarly journals Cognitive Enhancement Therapy in Schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Zain Budi Syulthoni ◽  
I Gusti Ngurah Gunadi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Enhancement ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Additional Therapy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Back To Work

Schizophrenia is a chronic, severe, and debilitate mental disorder that causing disability. Factors that causing disability is cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment caused by disturbance in neurodevelopmental process of the brain that related to Dopaminergic, GABA-ergic, and Acethylcholinergic pathway. Cognitive Enhancement Therapy is additional therapy to recovery the cognitive function. CET facilitated repairmenin socio and non-socio cognitive function, encourage patient behaviour related social condition, develop patient understanding of schizophrenia and the impact on cognitive impair- ment, and rehabilitation program that characterised of an experiential and exercise to repair the non-social cognitive function (attention, memmory, and problem solving). CET shows improvement in early or late onset of schizophrenia. Pa- tients who got CET can back to work. Now, CET is used for early intervention in cognitive impairment in Schizophrenia. CET was also developed in patients with Schizoaffective, Schizophrenia comorbid with drug abuse, and patientswith au- tism. Hopefully, the improvement onquality of life patient with schizophrenia can achieve with combination pharmacother- apy and Cognitive Enhancement Therapy.

Cognitive Functions under Anti-HER2 Targeted Therapy in Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier García-Sánchez ◽  
María D. Torregrosa ◽  
Omar Cauli
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Uterine Cancer ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objective: Pharmacological therapy targeting the HER2 protein is one of the major breakthroughs in the treatment of cancer patients overexpressing HER2 who have increased survival rates. Despite improved survival, it is important to determine the less frequent adverse effects in order to tailor treatments more personalized to the patients’ features. The possible impact of cancer treatments on cognitive functions is huge, and the effects of anti-HER 2 therapies on this issue have not been reviewed and are the objective of this study. Results: Analysis of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library and Web of Science databases revealed six studies performed in breast and serous uterine cancer patients analyzing cognitive function under chemotherapy regimens including anti-HER2 drugs. Four of these studies reported small to significant worsening of cognitive function following chemotherapy regimens containing trastuzumab (the most widely used anti-HER2 drug). In neoadyuvant settings, and in breast cancer patients, treatment with the new anti-HER-2 drug trastuzumab emtansine seems to induce less cognitive impairment than therapeutic regimens containing chemotherapy and trastuzumab. Acute administration of trastuzumab induced cognitive impairment in gastric cancer mice models, confirming its ability to alter cognitive function in patients,. Conclusions: More studies analyzing the impact of anti-HER2 therapy on cognitive function are necessary at preclinical and clinical levels in order to personalize pharmacological treatment and offers cancer patients a better quality of life.

Abstract WP497: Investigation of Cognitive Impairment in Ischemic Stroke Patients After Endovascular Treatment in Acute Phase and at 6 Months Follow-Up

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Nakagami ◽  
Satoshi Suda ◽  
Junya Aoki ◽  
Takuya Kanamaru ◽  
Kanako Muraga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients

Purpose and Objective: There have been limited reports that focused on cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke after endovascular treatment. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate cognitive function in patient after endovascular treatment in acute phase and at 6 months follow-up. Method: In this prospective study, from December 2016 to November 2018, the patients who were diagnosed as ischemic stroke with occlusion of the internal carotid artery and of the middle cerebral artery and treated with endovascular treatment were enrolled. Cognitive function was assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-J) test within 5 days of onset and at 6 months follow-up. We defined cognitive impairment as a score of <24 in MoCA-J. Results: 150 patients were enrolled. MoCA-J was feasible in 69 patients (median 76 years; 49 female) (46%), in acute phase (Figure A). 63 patients (91%) had cognitive impairment and no significant differences were found in the naming and the abstraction domains between MoCA-J <24 group and ≧24 group. At 6 months follow-up, 48 patients (median 72 years; 12 female) were assessed with MoCA-J and 35 patients (73%) had cognitive impairment. However, only one patient scored less at 6 months follow-up than in acute phase (Figure B), which resulted in the significant increase in the median MoCA-J score (7 vs. 21, P<0.05) (Figure C) and in all the domains except for the language (P=0.078) (Figure D). Conclusion: In acute phase of ischemic stroke after endovascular treatment, MoCA-J was feasible in about 45%, in which 91% had cognitive impairment. However, at 6 months follow-up, the median MoCA-J score was significantly higher and less number of patients had cognitive impairment. The present results suggest that cognition recovers with time after endovascular treatment in ischemic stroke.

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