Gold Nanoparticle: Recent Progress on Its Antibacterial Applications and Mechanisms

Gold nanoparticles (AuNP) is a new type of metal nanomaterials used in the biomedical field. Compared with ordinary metal materials and other metal nanomaterials, AuNP can be very unique. AuNP has been proven to have good performance against a variety of pathogens, and research on its antibacterial activity and mechanism has also become a hot topic in recent years. This article summarizes the antibacterial properties and clinical applications of AuNP against different kinds of bacteria and analyzes and discusses its existing and potential antibacterial mechanisms. At the same time, we also put forward the current challenges and problems to be solved by AuNP and look forward to its future development prospects, in order to correctly and comprehensively introduce this new antibacterial method.

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Effect of Gold Nanoparticles and Silicon on the Bioactivity and Antibacterial Properties of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan/Tricalcium Phosphate-Based Biomicroconcretes

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14143854 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 3854

Author(s):

Joanna Czechowska ◽

Ewelina Cichoń ◽

Anna Belcarz ◽

Anna Ślósarczyk ◽

Aneta Zima

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Tricalcium Phosphate ◽

Setting Time ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Bone Substitutes ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Setting Times ◽

Biological Studies

Bioactive, chemically bonded bone substitutes with antibacterial properties are highly recommended for medical applications. In this study, biomicroconcretes, composed of silicon modified (Si-αTCP) or non-modified α-tricalcium phosphate (αTCP), as well as hybrid hydroxyapatite/chitosan granules non-modified and modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), were designed. The developed biomicroconcretes were supposed to combine the dual functions of antibacterial activity and bone defect repair. The chemical and phase composition, microstructure, setting times, mechanical strength, and in vitro bioactive potential of the composites were examined. Furthermore, on the basis of the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists test (AATCC 100), adapted for chemically bonded materials, the antibacterial activity of the biomicroconcretes against S. epidermidis, E. coli, and S. aureus was evaluated. All biomicroconcretes were surgically handy and revealed good adhesion between the hybrid granules and calcium phosphate-based matrix. Furthermore, they possessed acceptable setting times and mechanical properties. It has been stated that materials containing AuNPs set faster and possess a slightly higher compressive strength (3.4 ± 0.7 MPa). The modification of αTCP with silicon led to a favorable decrease of the final setting time to 10 min. Furthermore, it has been shown that materials modified with AuNPs and silicon possessed an enhanced bioactivity. The antibacterial properties of all of the developed biomicroconcretes against the tested bacterial strains due to the presence of both chitosan and Au were confirmed. The material modified simultaneously with AuNPs and silicon seems to be the most promising candidate for further biological studies.

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Plasmon-Enhanced Antibacterial Activity of Chiral Gold Nanoparticles and In Vivo Therapeutic Effect

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11061621 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1621

Author(s):

Yuelong Xu ◽

Hongxia Wang ◽

Min Zhang ◽

Jianhao Zhang ◽

Wenjing Yan

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Intestinal Microflora ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Au Nps ◽

E Coli ◽

Bacterial Cell Death ◽

Steric Configuration

d-cysteine (d-cys) has been demonstrated to possess an extraordinary antibacterial activity because of its unique steric configuration. However, inefficient antibacterial properties seriously hinder its wide applications. Here, cysteine-functionalized gold nanoparticles (d-/l-Au NPs) were prepared by loading d-/l-cysteine on the surface of gold nanoparticles for the effective inhibition of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in vitro and in vivo, and the effects on the intestinal microflora in mice were explored during the treatment of E. coli infection in the gut. We found that the antibacterial activity of d-/l-Au NPs was more than 2–3 times higher than pure d-cysteine, l-cysteine and Au NPs. Compared with l-Au NPs, d-Au NPs showed the stronger antibacterial activity, which was related to its unique steric configuration. Chiral Au NPs showed stronger destructive effects on cell membrane compared to other groups, which further leads to the leakage of the cytoplasm and bacterial cell death. The in vivo antibacterial experiment illustrated that d-Au NPs displayed impressive antibacterial activity in the treatment of E. coli-infected mice comparable to kanamycin, whereas they could not affect the balance of intestinal microflora. This work is of great significance in the development of an effective chiral antibacterial agent.

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Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Ag- and Au-Nanoparticles Loaded TiO2 Nanotubes

Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology ◽

10.1166/jbn.2020.2979 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 1416-1425

Author(s):

Katarzyna Arkusz ◽

Ewa Paradowska ◽

Marta Nycz ◽

Justyna Mazurek-Popczyk ◽

Katarzyna Baldy-Chudzik

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Metallic Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Live Bacteria

Current research on the antibacterial properties of implant surfaces has focused on using titanium nanotubes (TNTs) with diameters of 100 and 200 nm, which simultaneously show the best antibacterial properties, poor osseointegration, and ability to immobilize proteins. Therefore, the research aimed to develop an implantable material based on titanium dioxide nanotubes with a diameter of 50 nm doped with silver (AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), indicating good absorption and antibacterial properties. Moreover, metallic nanoparticles deposited by varying methods should maintain sphericity and lack of agglomeration. For this purpose, the surface charge, wettability, stability of nanoparticles, and antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, i. e., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , were performed. Obtained results indicate a greater resistance to leaching of silver nanoparticles compared to gold nanoparticles. These results are reflected in microbiological studies, both into the time and the effectiveness of the implantable material's antibacterial activity. A greater antibacterial effect of AgNPs than AuNPs has been confirmed. Also, AgNPs inhibit the multiplication of Gram-negative bacteria to a greater extent than Gram-positive bacteria. It has been proven that the TNT platforms deposited with metal nanoparticles via the voltammetric method are more effective in deactivating microorganisms. Besides, the results have proven that smaller TNTs effectively reduce live bacteria as nanotubes with a diameter of 100 and 200 nm.

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Antibacterial Effect of Experimental Orthodontic Adhesives Containing Gold Nanoparticles against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.904.301 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 904 ◽

pp. 301-308

Author(s):

Pinyada Akarajarasrod ◽

Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽

Pornpen Tantivitayakul ◽

Primana Punnakitikashem ◽

Wassana Wichai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Bacterial Colonization ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Control Group ◽

White Spot Lesion ◽

Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽

Orthodontic Adhesives

Enamel decalcification usually can be found around orthodontic bracket after debonding. Orthodontic adhesives resistant to bacterial colonization were used to prevent white spot lesion and dental caries in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the antibacterial properties of expeimental orthodontic adhesive containing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). 108 orthodontic adhesive discs containing 1.0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.25 wt% AuNPs and without AuNPs were prepared from in-house orthodontic adhesive (27 discs per group). The antibcterial properties of adhesive discs were evaluated by direct contact test. Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus suspensions were placed on the discs and incubated at 37 °C for 1 hour. The adhesive discs were transferred to BHI broth and were incubated at 37°C for 16, 20 and 24 h. Bacterial growth was evaluated by optical density (OD) measurement at 590nm. The results showed that experimental orthodontic adhesives with 1.0 wt% and 0.5 wt% AuNPs exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to the control group (p < 0.05). At 24 h of incubation, the median OD of 1.0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 0.25 wt% and control in S. mutans were 0.109, 0.006, 0.007 and 0.372, rescpectively. In S. sobrinus, the median OD were 0.173, 0.012 , 0.007 and 0.328. The incorporation of gold nanoparticles into orthodontic adhesives exhibited antibacterial activity against cariogenic microorganism. At a concentration of 0.5 wt% and 1.0 wt% AuNPs, experimental orthodontic adhesive could reduce bacterial growth of both S. mutans and S. sobrinus.

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Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Biosynthesized Gold Nanoparticles

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac112.96199628 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 9619-9628

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Gold Nanoparticle ◽

Antibacterial Property ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Swarming Motility ◽

E Coli ◽

Particle Size Analyzer ◽

Acalypha Indica

In this study, Acalypha indica was utilized to green synthesize gold nanoparticles. The characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles were observed through UV-Vis, FTIR, TEM, particle size analyzer, and XRD. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were investigated for antibacterial properties. The particle size of gold nanoparticle was around 50 – 100 nm, and the antibacterial property of the nanoparticle was assessed using agar well diffusion, swarming motility, MIC, and protein leakage assay. The gold nanoparticles were observed to be active against E .coli alone with MIC at 160 µg, and it was observed to inhibit its swarming motility and to make the cell leak out proteins.

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Antibacterial Activity of Synergistic Effect of Colicin and Gold Nanoparticles Against Pseudomonas Aerugensa

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2017.58.2c.6 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 58 (2C) ◽

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Synergistic Effect

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Hydrogels as Antibacterial Biomaterials

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180213122953 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 843-854 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Weiguo Xu ◽

Shujun Dong ◽

Yuping Han ◽

Shuqiang Li ◽

Yang Liu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Drug Delivery ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Water Content ◽

Oxygen Permeability ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

High Water ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

High Water Content ◽

Biomedical Field

Hydrogels, as a class of materials for tissue engineering and drug delivery, have high water content and solid-like mechanical properties. Currently, hydrogels with an antibacterial function are a research hotspot in biomedical field. Many advanced antibacterial hydrogels have been developed, each possessing unique qualities, namely high water swellability, high oxygen permeability, improved biocompatibility, ease of loading and releasing drugs and structural diversity. In this article, an overview is provided on the preparation and applications of various antibacterial hydrogels. Furthermore, the prospects in biomedical researches and clinical applications are predicted.

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Review: Studies on the Synthesis of Quinolone Derivatives with Their Antibacterial Activity (Part 1)

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272824999200427082108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 817-854

Author(s):

Anil Kumar ◽

Nishtha Saxena ◽

Arti Mehrotra ◽

Nivedita Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Structure Activity Relationship ◽

New Drugs ◽

Activity Relationship ◽

Structure Activity ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Synthetic Routes ◽

Quinolone Derivatives

Quinolone derivatives have attracted considerable attention due to their medicinal properties. This review covers many synthetic routes of quinolones preparation with their antibacterial properties. Detailed study with structure-activity relationship among quinolone derivatives will be helpful in designing new drugs in this field.

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Fluoroquinolone-3-carboxamide Amino Acid Conjugates: Synthesis, Antibacterial Properties And Molecular Modeling Studies

Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573406415666190904143852 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 71-84

Author(s):

Riham M. Bokhtia ◽

Siva S. Panda ◽

Adel S. Girgis ◽

Hitesh H. Honkanadavar ◽

Tarek S. Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Antibacterial Agents ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Computational Studies ◽

Protecting Group ◽

Amino Acid Conjugates ◽

Molecular Modeling Studies

Background: Bacterial infections are considered as one of the major global health threats, so it is very essential to design and develop new antibacterial agents to overcome the drawbacks of existing antibacterial agents. Method: The aim of this work is to synthesize a series of new fluoroquinolone-3-carboxamide amino acid conjugates by molecular hybridization. We utilized benzotriazole chemistry to synthesize the desired hybrid conjugates. Result: All the conjugates were synthesized in good yields, characterized, evaluated for their antibacterial activity. The compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity using methods adapted from the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Synthesized conjugates were tested for activity against medically relevant pathogens; Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27856) Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433). Conclusion: The observed antibacterial experimental data indicates the selectivity of our synthesized conjugates against E.Coli. The protecting group on amino acids decreases the antibacterial activity. The synthesized conjugates are non-toxic to the normal cell lines. The experimental data were supported by computational studies.

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