scholarly journals Income Differences between Flexibly and Nonflexibly Employed Persons and Their Deconstruction: An Analysis Based on Data from the 2018 China Mobility Monitor

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xiongying Chen ◽  
Yu Xie ◽  
Keqiang Wu ◽  
Xin Zhao ◽  
BingBing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Ratio ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Income Difference ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Flexible Employment ◽  
Policies And Measures ◽  
Mobile Population ◽  
The Difference

The article analyzed the income differences between flexibly and nonflexibly employed persons based on the 2018 China Mobile Population Dynamics Monitoring Data, using OLS methods, propensity score matching (PSM), and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. The results show that the income of flexibly employed persons is 11.9%–23.6% higher than that of nonflexibly employed persons, with differences in individual endowment characteristics explaining 53.9% of the income difference and differences in coefficients of nonmarket factors explaining 45.7% of the income difference. The degree of income difference between the two groups in different industries varies; except for the primary industry, the secondary and tertiary industries all show higher income for flexibly employed persons than for nonflexibly employed persons. The difference in income between the two groups was as high as 25% or more in the sectors of “rental and business services,” “education,” and “culture, sports, and entertainment.” The high ratio of employers and self-employed workers in flexible employment and the fact that the average number of hours worked per week is 12.6 hours higher for flexible workers than for nonflexible workers are important factors contributing to the difference in earnings between these two groups. Clarifying the extent of the current income disparity between flexible and nonflexible employment groups and its sources, and formulating and adjusting relevant policies and measures in a timely manner are conducive to creating a fair and equitable labour market environment and promoting the healthy development of flexible employment under the new circumstances.

scholarly journals The Difference between Business Process Management, System Analysis and Other Types of Business Process Modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Israr Abd Al-karim El-sharif
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Business Process ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Process Management ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Conceptual Foundation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
System Analyzing

  This article trying to lay emphasis on four types of business modeling evergreen topics: business processing management, business analyzing, system analyzing and business processing reengineering by doing comparison between them. The conceptual foundation of the research is based on insights from the resource-based view (RBV) papers, books and theory its complementary competence perspective; the literature; and from the findings of the exploratory study. The research methodology used for descriptive research design. A major element of the paper is offers a number of an original contribution to students, academics and practitioners. The paper is valuable for them because its development and validation of the research model and its accompanying measurement instrument. The findings show these concepts are important and required to work closely together in order to deliver a set of included small business services to the user community, otherwise the overall technology services themselves will not provide any value to the business unless data should be used to achieve the requirements. It is evidently that combination of these concepts and Information Technologies (IT) results into reliable systems in the enterprises. The Business Processing management, The Business analyzing, both system analyzing and Business Processing Re-engineering can be considered as complementary to each other rather than as a substitute like piece of puzzle. They are contributing to the value addition of the small business.  

scholarly journals Research on Resource Integration Mechanism of Science and Technology Innovation Service Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 02063
Author(s):  
Yue Li ◽  
Yongxing Xu ◽  
Xiangying Ma ◽  
Chuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Resource Integration ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Service Platform ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Integration Mechanism ◽  
Changing Trend ◽  
Technological Integration

The resource integration of the scientific and technological innovation service platform is to accurately grasp the changing trend of users’ innovation needs through big data, tap potential innovation needs, provide effective innovation services in a timely manner, and improve the utilization efficiency of innovation resources. Through the analysis of resources and the research of reorganization, it is possible to further clarify the integration mechanism of scientific and technological innovation service resources and realize the rapid and healthy development of service resources with technological integration.

scholarly journals The Analysis, Discussion and Suggestions for the Mesh Reinforcement Technique of Polymer Mortar Wire Rope

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Shu Ren Zhang ◽  
Zhong Long Li
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Application ◽  
Wire Rope ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Mesh Reinforcement ◽  
Polymer Mortar ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Correct Understanding

The mesh reinforcement technique of polymer mortar wire rope is a new reinforcement technique used more in the domestic fittest reinforcement project recent years. Recently, there is no unified technical standards, the detailed practice is not same in practical work. There are big differences among the reinforcement effects. The key issue of wire rope is whether add prestressed or not. If add, how much should be prestressed? The difference of the actual practice and reinforcement effect reflects the understanding gap polymer mortar wire rope of mesh reinforcement technique action principle of the designer. A correct understanding of polymer mortar wire rope of mesh reinforcement technique the mechanism and the objective analysis strengthening effect and actively explore research in engineering application problems have a practical significance to promote the healthy development of the structure strengthening technology.

Billing Codes Determine Lower Physician Income for Primary Care and Non-Procedural Specialties

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle L. Langer ◽  
Miriam Laugesen
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Family Medicine ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Direct Consequence ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Income Gap ◽  
Physician Income ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The income gap between specialists and primary care physicians and among specialists is well established, but the drivers of this difference are not well delineated. Using the Community Tracking Study (CTS) Physician Survey, we sought to isolate and compare premiums paid to physicians for specialization and the proportion of time spent on offices visit rather than procedures. We divided medical subspecialties according the proportion of Medicare billing for Evaluation and Management (E&M) codes for the specialty as a whole. We report substantial differences in income across physician specialty, and over 70 percent of the difference in income remained controlling for factors that may confound the relationship between income and specialty including gender, location and type of practice, and hours. We note a large variation in premiums for specialization: 11.3–46.8 percent above family medicine after controlling for confounders. Classifying medical subspecialties by E&M billing as procedural versus non-procedural specialties revealed clear income differences. Controlling for confounders, procedural medical specialties earned 37.5 percent more than family medicine, as compared with 15.3 percent for non-procedural medical specialties. This analysis suggests that differences in physician income and resulting incentives are a direct consequence of the payment structure itself, rather than compensation for additional years of training or a reflection of different underlying demographics.

Green Building Materials in the Building of Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 204-208 ◽  
pp. 4197-4200
Author(s):  
Ji Ke
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Green Building Materials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Countermeasures And Suggestions ◽  
The Development Trend ◽  
Selection Of

This article discusses the connotation of green building materials and basic characteristics, and analyzes the difference between green building materials and green products. Summarize the selection of green building materials, and to judge the development trend of green building materials in China. Finally, the author gives some countermeasures and suggestions on the healthy development of China's green building materials industry.

scholarly journals Delay between Discharge and Admit Time Delay in ADT-A03 messages via LEEDS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Syndromic Surveillance ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Hospital Emergency ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Infectious Disease Epidemiology ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Disease Specific

ObjectiveTo explore the difference between the reported date of admissionand discharge date using discharge messages (A03), from hospitalemergency departments participating in the Louisiana Early EventDetection System (LEEDS.IntroductionThe Infectious Disease Epidemiology Section (IDEpi) within theOffice of Public Health (LaOPH) conducts syndromic surveillanceof emergency departments by means of the Louisiana Early EventDetection System (LEEDS). LEEDS accepts ADT (admit-discharge-transfer) messages from participating hospitals, predominately A04(registration) and A03 (discharge), to obtain symptom or syndromeinformation on patients reporting to hospital emergency departments.Capturing the data using discharge messages (A03) only could resultin a delay in receipt of data by LaOPH, considering the variability inthe length of stay of a patient in the ED.MethodsEmergency department data from participating hospitals isimported daily to LEEDS and processed for syndrome classification.IDEpi syndromic surveillance messages received for the period ofCDC week 1632 and 1636 (8/8/16-9/8/16) using MS Access andExcel to calculate the difference (in days) between the reported admitdate and discharge date in A03 messages.Results88.1% of the A03 messages submitted in the 4 week analysisperiod exhibited no delay (delay=0 days) between the admit date andthe reported discharge date, compared to only 10.7% showing a delayof one day (delay = 1 day) and 1.06% showing a delay of 2 days ormore (delay≥2 days). Less than 0.2% of the messages had missinginformation regarding discharge date (Table 1).ConclusionsSyndromic surveillance systems operate under a constant need forimprovement and enhancement. The quality of the data, independentof the quality of the system, should always strive to be of the highestpedigree in order to inform disease-specific programs and detectpublic health aberrations. In order to identify these potential concerns,it is imperative that the data be submitted to public health agenciesin a timely manner. Based on this analysis, the lapse in time betweenadmit and discharge results in little to no patient syndromic data delayfor those hospital ED’s that exclusively send A03 messages. Thisstatement is supported by the finding that close to 99% of messagesdemonstrated a delay between admit date and discharge date of oneday or less.Table 1. Delay between reported Admit and Discharge date in A03 messagessubmitted to LEEDS

scholarly journals Quantification of factors influencing the difference in household income in the Czech Republic

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolana Kvíčalová ◽  
Jan Široký
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Household Income ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
Income Inequalities ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Preliminary Description

Income inequalities, resulting from different income of economic entities and the level of redistribution (especially the amount and structure of taxes on one hand and transfer payments on the other) and peculiarities of the market economy, have been increasing.Within the context of the economic crisis, the pressure (proved by election results in many countries) to alleviate such differences, or at least to stop their deepening has been strengthening. The analysis of the increased income differentiation gets into attention of the theory of public finance.The paper theoretically deals with the ways of measuring such inequalities and then it focuses on the factors that may be regarded as significant for increasing income differences in particular conditions of the Czech Republic within the years 2006–2011 for the selected types of households. Based on the preliminary description, deduction and induction, the research objective was to determine, using the mathematic and statistical methods, the relevancy and -where appropriate- the level of dependence of the analyzed effects on particular elements of household income.

Association Between Accelerometer and Parental Reported Weekend and Weekday Sleeping Patterns and Adiposity Among Preschool-Aged Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Bridget Coyle-Asbil ◽  
Hannah J. Coyle-Asbil ◽  
David W.L. Ma ◽  
Jess Haines ◽  
Lori Ann Vallis
Keyword(s):  
Total Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Racially Diverse ◽  
Sex Effect ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Waking Up

Sleep is vital for healthy development of young children; however, it is not understood how the quality and quantity vary between the weekends and weekdays (WE–WD). Research focused on older children has demonstrated that there is significant WE–WD variability and that this is associated with adiposity. It is unclear how this is experienced among preschoolers. This study explored: (a) the accuracy of WE–WD sleep as reported in parental logbooks compared with accelerometers; (b) the difference between WE and WD total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and timing, as assessed by accelerometers; and (c) the association between the variability of these metrics and adiposity. Eighty-seven preschoolers (M = 46; 4.48 ± 0.89 years) wore an accelerometer on their right hip for 7 days. Parents were given logbooks to track “lights out” times (sleep onset) and out of bed time (sleep offset). Compared with accelerometers, parental logbook reports indicated earlier sleep onset and later sleep offset times on both WEs and WDs. Accelerometer-derived total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and onset/offset were not significantly different on the WEs and WDs; however, a sex effect was observed, with males going to bed and waking up earlier than females. Correlation analyses revealed that variability of sleep onset times throughout the week was positively correlated with percentage of fat mass in children. Results suggest that variability of sleep onset may be associated with increased adiposity in preschool children. Additional research with larger and more socioeconomically and racially diverse samples is needed to confirm these findings.

The Chemistry of Strength of Wheat Flour

1907 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Gas Evolution ◽  
Term Strength ◽  
Physical Behaviour ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Attention is drawn to the complexity of the ideas comprised in the term strength as applied to flour, and the necessity of investigating each idea separately.The chemical composition of the gliadin and glutenin of strong and weak flours has been investigated, and it is shown that they are identical in all the flours examined. It is suggested therefore that the difference between strong and weak flours is connected rather with the physical properties of their gluten than with the chemical composition. Since it is well known that the physical properties of proteids are profoundly affected by small quantities of acids, alkalis, and salts, the amounts of these substances in strong and weak flours were determined. In the few cases examined, it was found that strength was associated with a high ratio of proteid to salts, and weakness with a low ratio. It is suggested that the variation of this ratio may be the explanation of the different physical behaviour of the gluten of strong and weak flours, and that this is the factor which determines that component of strength which governs the shape of the loaf, and its power of retaining gas. This point is receiving further investigation.The factor which primarily determines the size of the loaf which a flour can make is quite distinct. The size of the loaf is shown to depend in the first instance on the amount of sugar contained in the flour together with that formed in the dough by diastatic action. It is proposed to measure this by incubating the flour with yeast and water, and collecting the carbon dioxide evolved during 24 hours. Particular attention should be paid to the rate of gas evolution in the later stages of the fermentation, as this is shown to be more directly connected with the size of the loaf.Taking Humphries and Biffen's definition of strength as “the capacity for making large well-piled loaves,” and applying the above ideas, it is stated that the largeness of the loaf depends chiefly on the capacity of the flour to give off gas when fermented with yeast, especially in the later stages of dough fermentation, and the suggestion is made that shapeliness, and probably gas retention, are dependent on the physical properties of the gluten as modified by the presence of varying proportions of salts.

scholarly journals On the Difference in Quality between Current Heuristic and Optimal Solutions to the Protein Structure Alignment Problem

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Arriagada ◽  
Aleksandar Poleksic
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Heuristic Algorithms ◽  
Structure Alignment ◽  
Protein Structure Alignment ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Timely Manner ◽  
Matching Problem ◽  
Structural Match ◽  
Alignment Problem ◽  
The Difference

The importance of pairwise protein structural comparison in biomedical research is fueling the search for algorithms capable of finding more accurate structural match of two input proteins in a timely manner. In recent years, we have witnessed rapid advances in the development of methods for approximate and optimal solutions to the protein structure matching problem. Albeit slow, these methods can be extremely useful in assessing the accuracy of more efficient, heuristic algorithms. We utilize a recently developed approximation algorithm for protein structure matching to demonstrate that a deep search of the protein superposition space leads to increased alignment accuracy with respect to many well-established measures of alignment quality. The results of our study suggest that a large and important part of the protein superposition space remains unexplored by current techniques for protein structure alignment.

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