scholarly journals Applications of Melatonin in Female Reproduction in the Context of Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yonghui Jiang ◽  
Huangcong Shi ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Shigang Zhao ◽  
Han Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Wide Range

Oxidative stress has been recognized as one of the causal mediators of female infertility by affecting the oocyte quality and early embryo development. Improving oxidative stress is essential for reproductive health. Melatonin, a self-secreted antioxidant, has a wide range of effects by improving mitochondrial function and reducing the damage of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This minireview illustrates the applications of melatonin in reproduction from four aspects: physiological ovarian aging, vitrification freezing, in vitro maturation (IVM), and oxidative stress homeostasis imbalance associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), emphasising the role of melatonin in improving the quality of oocytes in assisted reproduction and other adverse conditions.

scholarly journals Roles of Resveratrol in Improving the Quality of Postovulatory Aging Oocytes In Vitro

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Li Sun ◽  
Shou-Bin Tang ◽  
Wei Shen ◽  
Shen Yin ◽  
Qing-Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Normal Morphology ◽  
Sperm Binding ◽  
Postovulatory Aging

After ovulation, mammalian oocytes will undergo a time-dependent process of aging if they are not fertilized. This postovulatory aging (POA) seriously affects the oocyte quality and then impairs the subsequent fertilization and early embryo development, which should be avoided especially in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Resveratrol is an antioxidant substance that can scavenge free radicals and is effective in improving ovary functions. Here, mouse oocytes were used to investigate the effects and mechanisms of resveratrol on POA oocytes in vitro. With 1.0 µM resveratrol treatment during aging process, the rates of fertilization and blastocyst in POA oocytes increased significantly compared with those in the POA group. Resveratrol can reduce the loss of sperm binding sites by stabilizing Juno. Resveratrol can maintain the normal morphology of spindle and mitochondrion distribution and alleviate the levels of ROS and early apoptosis. Additionally, resveratrol can reduce the changes of H3K9me2. Therefore, resveratrol can significantly improve the quality of POA oocytes in vitro to enhance the rates of fertilization and blastocyst, which may be very helpful during the ART process.

scholarly journals Book review: “It Starts with the Egg” by Rebecca Fett

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
A. D. Makatsariya
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Based Medicine

The licensed edition of Rebecca Fett's book, “It Starts with the Egg” has been published in Russian. Given its medical contents, it seems important to evaluate the information contained in the book from the perspective of a practicing obstetrician-gynecologist, focusing on the problem of miscarriage and pregravid preparation. Importantly, the book is based on evidence-based medicine: although the book is intended for a wide scope of readers, it contains a list of primary references similarly to that in peer-reviewed journals.The author analyzed and summarized the data from over 60 scientific articles. Although based on primary academic sources, the author used a simple and understandable language to explain the complex pathogenesis of infertility and the manipulations used in the assisted reproductive technology (ART).The book consists of 3 parts; each of them contains several chapters reviewing the causes of reproductive disorders and the ways to correct them. The first part addresses the reasons for poor quality of women’s eggs. The second part describes nutraceuticals and dietary supplements that can improve the quality of eggs. The third part of the book examines the diet, which helps improve this quality. A step-by-step action plan for improving reproductive function is also presented. The basic plan is suitable for those who are just thinking about pregnancy and those who have no reason to expect any difficulties, as well as for couples who have been struggling with infertility for several years. The mid-level plan is intended for those who already have some concerns about conceiving, but are not yet aware of personal problems with their reproductive function, as well as for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or irregular ovulation. The plan for those having serious problems is intended for women with recurrent miscarriage, as well as for couples with a decrease in the ovarian reserve who are trying to get pregnant using in vitro fertilization (IVF).Despite some remarks regarding the role of vitamin D and magnesium in pregravid preparation, the book contains a large number of useful and balanced recommendations that can improve the woman’s health and increase her chances to get pregnant and give birth to a healthy baby. Therefore, the book can be recommended for a wide range of readers.

scholarly journals Determination of oxidative stress balance in follicular fluid

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Teja Fabjan ◽  
Eda Vrtačnik-Bokal ◽  
Kristina Kumer ◽  
Joško Osredkar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Oocyte Retrieval ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractBackground:The role of oxidative stress in female reproduction is an area that needs more investigation. This study aims to assess the oxidative stress levels in follicular fluid (FF) samples of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and to relate them to different diagnoses.Methods:A total of 199 woman were enrolled; 37 of them were diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 71 with endometriosis and 41 with tubal factor infertility (TFI) and 50 of the patients were used as a control group. A sample of FF was collected from each patient at an oocyte retrieval day and analyzed for oxidative stress by measuring a class of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) (dROMs test) and also analyzed for the plasma antioxidant test (PAT).Results:The data analyzed in FF were related to different diagnoses. Groups were not significantly different in age and body mass index (BMI), except for the PCOS group. There was a significant difference between dROMs and PAT levels in FF of patients vs. control group. The same finding was seen when the dROM/PAT ratio was used.Conclusions:We conclude that the evaluation of oxidative stress in FF needs more investigation with regard to markers in the follicular microenvironment.

027. In vitro growth and maturation: how does this technology fit for clinical application?

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
M. Lane ◽  
C. Yeo ◽  
K. S. Cashman ◽  
H. M. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Human Oocytes ◽  
Vein Thrombosis

Superovulation protocols used in IVF result in multiple eggs that can be fertilized and grown in the laboratory to allow for selection of the best embryo for return to the mother, thereby increasing the chances for a successful pregnancy. However, there are many side effects of these superovulation drug protocols, such as deep vein thrombosis and hyperstimulation. The latter is of particular concern for women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Furthermore, the use of gonadotrophins has been reported to compromise both oocyte quality and the uterine environment and may contribute to the low success rates of IVF. Therefore the ability to collect large numbers of oocytes from women and mature them in vitro is an attractive alternative. However, although there are reports in the literature on extended maturation/culture periods of human oocytes the pregnancy rates are significantly lower than that observed after in vivo maturation. The ability to offer such technology is currently limited by the lack of understanding of how the conditions for in vitro maturation affect the quality of the oocyte and the resulting embryo. Our research is concentrated on establishing the role of metabolic balance in the oocyte for the maintenance of subsequent viability. We have determined that disruptions to the balance between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic metabolism in animal oocytes have significant adverse consequences for the resultant embryo. Changing conditions for in vitro maturation were also found to alter the establishment of the metabolic settings of the oocyte. The ability to determine the role of such parameters in maturing human oocytes will be important for the prospect of adoption of this technology for routine clinical practice.

scholarly journals Melatonin levels in follicular fluid as markers for IVF outcomes and predicting ovarian reserve

Reproduction ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tong ◽  
Shile Sheng ◽  
Yun Sun ◽  
Huihui Li ◽  
Wei-Ping Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Ivf Outcomes ◽  
Response Group

Good-quality oocytes are critical for the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF), but, to date, there is no marker of ovarian reserve available that can accurately predict oocyte quality. Melatonin exerts its antioxidant actions as a strong radical scavenger that might affect oocyte quality directly as it is the most potent antioxidant in follicular fluid. To investigate the precise role of endogenous melatonin in IVF outcomes, we recruited 61 women undergoing treatment cycles of IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures and classified them into three groups according to their response to ovarian stimulation. Follicular fluid was collected to assess melatonin levels using a direct RIA method. We found good correlations between melatonin levels in follicular fluid with age, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and baseline follicle-stimulating hormone (bFSH), all of which have been used to predict ovarian reserve. Furthermore, as melatonin levels correlated to IVF outcomes, higher numbers of oocytes were collected from patients with higher melatonin levels and consequently the number of oocytes fertilized, zygotes cleaved, top quality embryos on D3, blastocysts obtained and embryos suitable for transplantation was higher. The blastocyst rate increased in concert with the melatonin levels across the gradient between the poor response group and the high response group. These results demonstrated that the melatonin levels in follicular fluid is associated with both the quantity and quality of oocytes and can predict IVF outcomes as well making them highly relevant biochemical markers of ovarian reserve.

scholarly journals Comprehensive molecular features of polycystic ovary syndrome revealed by transcriptome analysis of oocytes and cumulus cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Haixia Chen ◽  
Mo Gou ◽  
Chenglei Tian ◽  
Huasong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Global Gene Expression ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Ovulatory Dysfunction ◽  
Ovarian Morphology

AbstractPCOS is typically characterized by polycystic ovarian morphology, hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and infertility. Furthermore, PCOS patients undergoing ovarian stimulation have more oocytes, however, poor quality of oocytes lead to lower fertilization and implantation rates, decreased pregnancy and increased miscarriage rates. Our study suggests that global gene expression and cell to cell interactions of oocytes and CCs are significantly altered in women with PCOS. Noticeably, genes related to microtubules such as TUBB8 and TUBA1C are abnormally highly expressed in PCOS oocytes, reducing oocyte quality. The pattern of transposable element expression distinguishes PCOS from Control oocytes, implying the role of transposable elements in the occurrence of PCOS.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress as a Possible Target in the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis: Perspectives and Ambiguities

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5705
Author(s):  
Karolina Szewczyk-Golec ◽  
Marta Pawłowska ◽  
Roland Wesołowski ◽  
Marcin Wróblewski ◽  
Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Parasite Viability

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite causing toxoplasmosis, a common disease, which is most typically asymptomatic. However, toxoplasmosis can be severe and even fatal in immunocompromised patients and fetuses. Available treatment options are limited, so there is a strong impetus to develop novel therapeutics. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology and treatment of T. gondii infection. Chemical compounds that modify redox status can reduce the parasite viability and thus be potential anti-Toxoplasma drugs. On the other hand, oxidative stress caused by the activation of the inflammatory response may have some deleterious consequences in host cells. In this respect, the potential use of natural antioxidants is worth considering, including melatonin and some vitamins, as possible novel anti-Toxoplasma therapeutics. Results of in vitro and animal studies are promising. However, supplementation with some antioxidants was found to promote the increase in parasitemia, and the disease was then characterized by a milder course. Undoubtedly, research in this area may have a significant impact on the future prospects of toxoplasmosis therapy.

scholarly journals Subinhibitory Antimicrobial Concentrations: A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Data

1992 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G Zhanel ◽  
Daryl J Hoban ◽  
Godfrey KM Harding
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Bacterial Virulence ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immune Defences

Antimicrobial activity is not an ‘all or none’ effect. An increase in the rate and extent of antimicrobial action is usually observed over a wide range of antimicrobial concentrations. Subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations are well known to produce significant antibacterial effects, and various antimicrobials at subinhibitory concentrations have been reported to inhibit the rate of bacterial growth. Bacterial virulence may be increased or decreased by subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations by changes in the ability of bacteria to adhere to epithelial cells or by alterations in bacterial susceptibility to host immune defences. Animal studies performed in rats, hamsters and rabbits demonstrate decreased bacterial adherence, reduced infectivity and increased survival of animals treated with subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations compared to untreated controls. The major future role of investigation of subinhibitory antimicrobial concentrations will be to define more fully, at a molecular level, how antimicrobials exert their antibacterial effects.

scholarly journals The Role of the FOXO1/β2-AR/p-NF-κB p65 Pathway in the Development of Endometrial Stromal Cells in Pregnant Mice under Restraint Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Jiayin Lu ◽  
Yaoxing Chen ◽  
Zixu Wang ◽  
Jing Cao ◽  
Yulan Dong
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Pregnant Mice

Restraint stress causes various maternal diseases during pregnancy. β2-Adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) and Forkhead transcription factor class O 1 (FOXO1) are critical factors not only in stress, but also in reproduction. However, the role of FOXO1 in restraint stress, causing changes in the β2-AR pathway in pregnant mice, has been unclear. The aim of this research was to investigate the β2-AR pathway of restraint stress and its impact on the oxidative stress of the maternal uterus. In the study, maternal mice were treated with restraint stress by being restrained in a transparent and ventilated device before sacrifice on Pregnancy Day 5 (P5), Pregnancy Day 10 (P10), Pregnancy Day 15 (P15), and Pregnancy Day 20 (P20) as well as on Non-Pregnancy Day 5 (NP5). Restraint stress augmented blood corticosterone (CORT), norepinephrine (NE), and blood glucose levels, while oestradiol (E2) levels decreased. Moreover, restraint stress increased the mRNA levels of the FOXO family, β2-AR, and even the protein levels of FOXO1 and β2-AR in the uterus and ovaries. Furthermore, restraint stress increased uterine oxidative stress level. In vitro, the protein levels of FOXO1 were also obviously increased when β2-AR was activated in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). In addition, phosphorylated-nuclear factor kappa-B p65 (p-NF-κB p65) and its target genes decreased significantly when FOXO1 was inhibited. Overall, it can be said that the β2-AR/FOXO1/p-NF-κB p65 pathway was activated when pregnant mice were under restraint stress. This study provides a scientific basis for the origin of psychological stress in pregnant women.

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