scholarly journals Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Properties of Thymus satureioides Coss.

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Naoufal El Hachlafi ◽  
Abderrahim Chebat ◽  
Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Thymus Satureioides

Thymus satureioides Coss. (Lamiaceae) is a Moroccan medicinal plant locally known as “Azkouni” or “Zaitra.” It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including hypertension, diabetes, cold, fever, dermatological and circulatory disorders, immune problems, bronchitis, nociception, cooling, pharyngitis, cough, and influenza. The current review aims to critically summarize the literature on ethnopharmacological uses, chemical profile, and pharmacological investigations of T. satureioides in order to provide data support and scientific evidences for further investigations. Electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Medline were used to gather data on T. satureioides. Chemical characterization of T. satureioides essential oils (EOs) and extracts allowed to identify a total of 139 bioactive compounds, mainly belonging to the terpenoids, phenolic acids, and flavonoids classes. T. satureioides especially its essential oils exhibited numerous biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiparasitic, and hypolipedemic activities. In light of these findings, further studies to transmute the traditional application of T. satureioides into scientific-based information are strongly required. Additional in vivo pharmacological studies are recommended to validate the results of the in vitro studies. Moreover, comprehensive preclinical and clinical trials on the pharmacological mechanisms of action of this plant and its bioactive compounds on molecular targets should be performed. Finally, more efforts must be focused on toxicological assessments and pharmacokinetic studies, in order to ensure the safety and the efficiency of T. satureioides.

scholarly journals Characterization of Andean Blueberry in Bioactive Compounds, Evaluation of Biological Properties and in vitro Bioaccessibility

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nieves Baenas ◽  
Jenny Ruales ◽  
Diego A. Moreno ◽  
Daniel Alejandro Barrio ◽  
Carla M. Stinco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zebrafish Embryogenesis

Andean blueberries are wild berries grown and consumed in Ecuador which contain high values of bioactive compounds, mainly anthocyanins, with powerful antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile and contents of (poly)phenols and carotenoids in Andean blueberry by HPLC-DAD-MSn and determine a wide range of its biological activities. The antioxidant capacity of this fruit was evaluated in vitro by three different methods and in vivo using the zebrafish animal model, also the toxicity effect was determined by the zebrafish embryogenesis test. Besides, the antimicrobial activity and the capacity of Andean blueberry to produce hemagglutination in blood cells were evaluated. Finally, the bioaccessibility of (poly)phenols and related antioxidant capacity were determined in the different phases of an in vitro digestion. The global results indicated no toxicity of Andean blueberry, weakly bacteriostatic activity, and high contents of anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity, which were partially bioaccesible in vitro (~ 50 % at the final intestinal step), contributing to the knowledge of its health benefits for consumers and its potential use in the food and pharmaceutical industry as functional ingredient.

scholarly journals Ethnomedicinal Use, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Salvia verbenaca L. : A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1437-1469
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Toxicological Investigation ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Salvia verbenaca L. is a Mediterranean medicinal plant used traditionally to treat several diseases such as burns, ocular wounds, contusion, stomach pain, eye diseases, dermal inflammation. This review highlighted previous reports, including the botanical, taxonomical, geographical distribution, traditional use, phytochemical, biological, and toxicological effects of S. verbenaca. The data were gathered from scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink. The presented data on S. verbenaca were organized according to ethnomedicinal use, bioactive compounds, pharmacology, and toxicological investigation. Ethnobotanical studies reported that many folk medicines use S. verbenaca, especially against wounds, burns, and cicatrization. The phytochemical compounds in different parts of S. verbenaca belonged to different classes of chemical compounds, including terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenolic diterpenoids, and fatty acids. The extracts and essential oils from S. verbenaca have a wide variety of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities, i.e., antioxidant, antifungal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antihemolytic, antihypertensive, antileishmanial, and immunomodulatory activities. This research suggests that the biological activities of S. verbenaca prove its traditional uses. However, in-depth investigations are required, such as pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and toxicological experiments, to prove the efficacy and safety of S. verbenaca extracts and essential oils and their bioactive compounds.

scholarly journals Extraction of bioactive compounds from Curcuma longa L. using deep eutectic solvents: In vitro and in vivo biological activities

2021 ◽  
pp. 102697
Author(s):  
Grazielle Oliveira ◽  
Caroline Marques ◽  
Anielle de Oliveira ◽  
Amanda de Almeida dos Santos ◽  
Wanderlei do Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents

scholarly journals Essential Oils and Their Bioactive Compounds in the Control of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Small Ruminants

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weibson Paz Pinheiro André ◽  
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Macedo Rondon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
Anthelmintic Effect

Background: Gastrointestinal nematodes are one of the major health and economic problem of sheep and goats in the world. The control of these nematodes is carried out conventionally with synthetic anthelminths, which favored the selection of gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) populations multiresistant to anthelmintics. The emergence of anthelmintic resistance has stimulated the search for new alternatives to control small ruminant GIN, standing out the use of plants and their bioactives compounds, such as essential oils (EO). The objective of this review was to present the main characteristics and anthelmintic activity of EO, their isolated compounds and drug delivery systems in the control of GIN.Review: Essential oils are a complex blend of bioactive compounds with volatile, lipophilic, usually odoriferous and liquid substances. EO are composed of terpenes, terpenoids, aromatic and aliphatic constituents. EO has various pharmacological activities of interest in preventive veterinary medicine such as antibacterials, antifungals, anticoccicids, insecticides and anthelmintics. In vitro and in vivo tests are used to validate the anthelmintic activity of EO on GIN. In vitro tests are low cost screening tests that allow the evaluation of the anthelmintic activity of a large amount of bioactive compounds on eggs, first (L1) and third stage larvae (L3), and adult nematodes. The antiparasitic effect of EO is related to its main compound or to the interaction of the compounds. These bioactive compounds penetrate the cuticle of the nematodes by transcuticular diffusion, altering the mechanisms of locomotion, besides causing cuticular lesions. Following in vitro evaluation, the acute and sub-chronic toxicity test should be performed to assess the toxicity of the bioactive compounds and to define the dose to be used in in vivo tests. In vivo tests are more reliable because the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds is evaluated after the metabolization process. The metabolization process of the bioactive compounds can generate metabolites that exhibit or not anthelmintic effectiveness. The in vivo tests assessing the anthelmintic effectiveness of bioactive compounds in sheep and goats are the fecal egg count reduction test and the controlled test.  OE promoted reduction of egg elimination in faeces which may be related to cuticular and reproductive alterations in GIN, and reduction of parasite burden in in vivo tests. Due to the promising results obtained with OE in the in vivo tests, interest has been aroused in using nanotechnology as an alternative to increase the bioavailability of OE and consequently, potentializing its anthelmintic effect, reducing the dose and  toxicity of the biocompounds. In addition to nanotechnology, the isolation and chemical modification of compounds isolated from OE have been employed to obtain new molecules with anthelmintic action and understand the mechanism of action of EO on the small ruminant GIN.Conclusion: The use of EO and their compound bioactive in the control of resistant populations of GIN is a promising alternative. The adoption of strategies in which natural products can replace synthetic anthelmintics, such as in dry periods and use synthetic anthelmintics in the rainy season when the population in refugia in the pasture is high, thus reducing the dissemination of GIN resistant populations. As perspective, the evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of these natural products should be performed so that one defines treatment protocols that optimize the anthelmintic effect.

scholarly journals Exploitation of Cytotoxicity of Some Essential Oils for Translation in Cancer Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rossella Russo ◽  
Maria Tiziana Corasaniti ◽  
Giacinto Bagetta ◽  
Luigi Antonio Morrone
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Antitumor Drugs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Anticancer Treatment

Essential oils are complex mixtures of several components endowed with a wide range of biological activities, including antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic properties. A growing body of scientific reports has recently focused on the potential of essential oils as anticancer treatment in the attempt to overcome the development of multidrug resistance and important side effects associated with the antitumor drugs currently used. In this review we discuss the literature on the effects of essential oils in  in vitroandin vivomodels of cancer, focusing on the studies performed with the whole phytocomplex rather than single constituents.

scholarly journals Chemical Characterization of the Lichen-symbiont Microalga Asterochloris erici and Study of Its Cytostatic Effect on the L929 Murine Fibrosarcoma Cell Line

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Concepción Matesanz ◽  
Mercedes Villa-Carvajal ◽  
Javier Linares ◽  
Sonia Morante-Zarcero ◽  
Isabel Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Agents ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cytostatic Effect ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Murine Fibrosarcoma ◽  
Terrestrial Lichen

New resources of food, pharmaceuticals or biotechnological products are needed. The huge biodiversity of aero-terrestrial lichen-symbiont microalgae remains unexplored. Viability of these for human consumption demands the demonstration of the absence of toxic effects. In vitro biocompatibility of crude homogenates of axenic microalga Asterochloris erici, symbiotic in the lichen Cladonia cristatella, was analyzed after treatment of cultured L929 fibroblasts with different doses of microalgal homogenates. The results show that crude homogenates of A. erici do not induce fibroblast cytotoxicity but seem to have some cytostatic effect inducing slight cell cycle alterations and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase at the highest dose. Carotenoid analysis demonstrates high content of lutein, a xanthophyll with antioxidant and cytostatic properties in vivo. These findings confirm that Asterochloris erici can be considered suitable for the development of alimentary or pharmaceutical applications. The cytostatic effects should be further investigated for antitumor agents.

scholarly journals Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Thymus broussonetii Boiss

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Hanae Naceiri Mrabti ◽  
Latifa Doudach ◽  
Naoual El Menyiy ◽  
Mohammed Bourhia ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Toxicological Investigation ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Thymus broussonetii Boiss (T. broussonetii) is a rare medicinal and aromatic plant. It is widely used in traditional medicine to treat several diseases, including diarrhea, fever, cough, irritation, skin diseases, rheumatism, respiratory ailments, influenza, and digestion problems. In this review, we have critically summarized previous data on T. broussonetii about its phytochemistry, botanical and geographical distribution, toxicological investigation, and pharmacological properties. Using scientific research databases such as Wiley Online, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Scopus Wiley Online, and Google Scholar, the data on T. broussonetii were collected and discussed. The presented data regrouped bioactive compounds and biological activities of T. broussonetii. The findings of this work showed that essential oils and extracts of T. broussonetii exhibited numerous pharmacological activities (in vitro and in vivo), particularly antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antipyretic, antinociceptive, and immunological and behavioral effects. While toxicological studies of T. broussonetii essential oils and extracts are lacking, modern scientific tools revealed the presence of different classes of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, coumarins, quinones, carotenoids, and steroids. T. broussonetii essential oils, especially from the aerial parts, exhibited potent antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant effects. An in-depth toxicological investigation is needed to validate the efficacy and safety of T. broussonetii extracts and essential oils and their secondary metabolites. However, further pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies should be performed to validate its bioavailability.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization and determination of in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of essential oils from four Eucalyptus species against the Hemileia vastatrix Berk and Br fungus, the agent of coffee leaf rust

2020 ◽  
pp. 1379-1384
Author(s):  
Alex Rodrigues Silva Caetano ◽  
Sara Maria Chalfoun ◽  
Mario Lúcio Vilela Resende ◽  
Caroline Lima Angélico ◽  
Wilder Douglas Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Essential oils, also known as volatile oils, are substances produced through the secondary metabolism of plants. In this study, we determined the chemical composition and the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of the essential oils from four species of Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus microcorys, against the Hemileia vastatrix fungus. The essential oils from these four species of Eucalyptus were extracted from their leaves by the hydrodistillation technique using a modified Clevenger apparatus. The chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer detector and by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector. The antifungal activities of the essential oils against H. vastatrix were studied by evaluating the percentage of spore germination using the microdilution test for in vitro assays. The curative and preventive effects were evaluated in in vivo tests. The principal constituents of the essential oil from E. citriodora were citronellal, citronellol and isopulegol, while E. camaldulensis produced 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol and α-pinene. 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and α-terpineol were obtained from E. grandis and 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and trans-pinocarveol were the principal components in the essential oil of E. microcorys. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against the fungus under study were observed for most of the essential oils, except the essential oil from E. microcorys, for which no preventive antifungal activity was observed. Only the curing of infection by the H. vastatrix fungus was observed with this oil.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Applications of Solid Dispersions for Drugs and New Molecules: In Vitro and In Vivo Activities

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Verônica da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Amanda Silva de Almeida ◽  
Ingrid da Silva Albuquerque ◽  
Fernanda Ílary Costa Duarte ◽  
Bárbara Cristina Silva Holanda Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Polymeric Matrices ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
New Applications

This review aims to provide an overview of studies that address the use, in therapeutic applications, of solid dispersions (SDs) with biological activities in vitro and/or in vivo mainly made up of polymeric matrices, as well as to evaluate the bioactive activity of their constituents. This bibliographic survey shows that the development of solid dispersions provides benefits in the physicochemical properties of bioactive compounds, which lead to an increase in their biological potential. However, despite the reports found on solid dispersions, there is still a need for biological assay-based studies, mainly in vivo, to assist in the investigation and to devise new applications. Therefore, studies based on such an approach are of great importance to enhance and extend the use of solid dispersions in the most diverse therapeutic applications.

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