scholarly journals A Scheme of Sustainable Trajectory Optimization for Aircraft Cruise Based on Comprehensive Social Benefit

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Lina Ma ◽  
Yong Tian ◽  
Songtao Yang ◽  
Can Xu ◽  
Anmin Hao
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Optimization ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Performance Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Comprehensive Benefit ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Aircraft Type

The increasing demand for environmentally friendly and passenger-favored flight operation requires a systematic scheme of sustainable trajectory optimization for the aircraft cruise. This paper achieves it by proposing an innovative performance framework based on the comprehensive benefit to the society considering both economic and noneconomic ones, following which the sustainable trajectory optimization problem is modeled by discretization. A method combining forward recurrence and memoization operation, called memoization dynamic programming, is developed to solve the model with computational efficiency. Working with real-world operational data of a typical flight route, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme at different levels and explore the difference in its performance due to meteorological conditions, aircraft type, and time horizon. The scheme is proved to perform robustly in comprehensive performance with a stable benefit rate of about 8% through sensitivity analysis, by which we find that it is relatively better for the flights cruising on business route with a load factor of 85%. Tradeoff results suggest that the systematic consideration of both the economic and noneconomic performance contributes to improved integrated sustainability. In particular, the optimal comprehensive performance at a monthly level can be obtained when accepting an additional $26,500 economic cost.

scholarly journals Kajian Dampak Kenaikan Harga Avtur Terhadap Keuntungan Pendapatan Maskapai Penerbangan (Rute Jakarta-Yogyakarta)

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
M Herry Purnama ◽  
Susanti Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Price Range ◽  
Lower Load ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Aircraft Type ◽  
Flight Route

Assessment of tire Tariff Schedules Commercial Scheduled Air Transport Related to Fuel Price illcrease Aircraft illtematio1wl Ai1port Yogyakarta Adi Sucipto is to know haw the effect of rising prices of aviation fuel or aircraft fuel to air freight carrier rates, namely PT. Garuda llldonesia (Garuda Airlines), PT. Sun Lion (Lion Airlines), and PT. Metro Batavia (Batavia Airlines) for route Jakarta - Yogyakarta during the period January to September 2011. Assess111c11 t method used is descriptive quantitative method to calculate the total cost of airline travel route Jakarta - Yogyakarta with calculation components include (a) Type of aircraft and aircraft type, (b) Using the assumption of hvo load factor is 65% lower load factor and load factor is high 80%, (c) Using tire asswnption of hvo aviation fuel prices are the lowest aviation fuel jet fuel price range, - and the highest price of aviation fuel during the period January to September 2011, the average ticket price flight route Jakarta - Yogyakarta period from January to September 2011. 17re results of the assessment indicates there is a difference significant benefits from each airline operator, when associated with the load factor and the difference in price of aviation fuel.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Green Infrastructure Practices for Urban Watersheds Using an Engineering–Environmental–Economic (3E) Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4678
Author(s):  
Yi-Jia Xing ◽  
Tse-Lun Chen ◽  
Meng-Yao Gao ◽  
Si-Lu Pei ◽  
Wei-Bin Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Urban Watersheds ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Detention Basins

Green infrastructure practices could provide innovative solutions for on-site stormwater management and runoff pollution control, which could relieve the stress of nonpoint pollution resulting from heavy rainfall events. In this study, the performance and cost-effectiveness of six green infrastructure practices, namely, green roofs, rain gardens, pervious surfaces, swales, detention basins, and constructed wetlands, were investigated. The comprehensive performance evaluation in terms of the engineering performance, environmental impact, and economic cost was determined in the proposed engineering–environmental–economic (3E) triangle model. The results revealed that these green infrastructure practices were effective for stormwater management in terms of runoff attenuation, peak flow reduction and delay, and pollutant attenuation. It was suggested that for pollution control, detention basins can efficiently reduce the total suspended solids, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and lead. The implementation of detention basins is highly recommended due to their higher engineering performance and lower environmental impact and economic cost. A case study of a preliminary cost–benefit analysis of green infrastructure practice exemplified by the Pearl River Delta in China was addressed. It suggested that green infrastructure was cost-effective in stormwater management in this area, which would be helpful for sustaining healthy urban watersheds.

The effect of finite deformations in the elastic stability of plane frames

1962 ◽  
Vol 266 (1324) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Load ◽  
Failure Load ◽  
Elastic Stability ◽  
Load Level ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Proportional Loading ◽  
Arbitrary Load ◽  
Plane Frames ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rigid Joints

The circumstances are discussed under which orthogonal relations exist between the elastic critical modes of plane frames subjected to proportional loading. Orthogonal relations may be obtained provided the loading does not produce any components of deformation associated with any of the critical modes at arbitrary levels of the load factor, and provided no part of the structure remains statically indeterminate due to bar forces when all rigid joints are replaced by pin joints. When at arbitrary load factors, the structure deforms with components associated with any of the buckling modes, the elastic failure load is not identical with the lowest elastic critical load, although for many frames the two loads may be very close. A general expression is obtained which reveals the relation between the deformations at an arbitrary load level and the deflexions given by linear analysis. The difference between the elastic failure load and the elastic critical load is discussed, and an approximate treatment applicable to certain types of frame and associated loading is developed.

scholarly journals Prediksi Pemakaian Listrik Kelompok Tarif Menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan dan ARIMA

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Silviani E Rumagit ◽  
Azhari SN
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Statistical Method ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Backpropagation Neural Network ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government ◽  
Increasing Demand

AbstrakLatar Belakang penelitian ini dibuat dimana semakin meningkatnya kebutuhan listrik di setiap kelompok tarif. Yang dimaksud dengan kelompok tarif dalam penelitian ini adalah kelompok tarif sosial, kelompok tarif rumah tangga, kelompok tarif bisnis, kelompok tarif industri dan kelompok tarif pemerintah. Prediksi merupakan kebutuhan penting bagi penyedia tenaga listrik dalam mengambil keputusan berkaitan dengan ketersediaan energi listik. Dalam melakukan prediksi dapat dilakukan dengan metode statistik maupun kecerdasan buatan.            ARIMA merupakan salah satu metode statistik yang banyak digunakan untuk prediksi dimana ARIMA mengikuti model autoregressive (AR) moving average (MA). Syarat dari ARIMA adalah data harus stasioner, data yang tidak stasioner harus distasionerkan dengan differencing. Selain metode statistik, prediksi juga dapat dilakukan dengan teknik kecerdasan buatan, dimana dalam penelitian ini jaringan syaraf tiruan backpropagation dipilih untuk melakukan prediksi. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan selisih MSE ARIMA, JST dan penggabungan ARIMA, jaringan syaraf tiruan tidak berbeda secara signifikan. Kata Kunci— ARIMA, jaringan syaraf tiruan, kelompok tarif.  AbstractBackground this research was made where the increasing demand for electricity in each group. The meaning this group is social, the household, business, industry groups and the government fare. Prediction is an important requirement for electricity providers in making decisions related to the availability of electric energy. In doing predictions can be made by statistical methods and artificial intelligence.            ARIMA is a statistical method that is widely used to predict where the ARIMA modeled autoregressive (AR) moving average (MA). Terms of ARIMA is the data must be stationary, the data is not stationary should be stationary  use differencing. In addition to the statistical method, predictions can also be done by artificial intelligence techniques, which in this study selected Backpropagation neural network to predict. From the results of tests made the difference in MSE ARIMA, ANN and merging ARIMA, artificial neural networks are not significantly different. Keyword—ARIMA, neural network, tarif groups

Model Research on Comprehensive Efficiency Evaluation of Heating Reconstruction Project

2013 ◽  
Vol 805-806 ◽  
pp. 1593-1597
Author(s):  
Ze Hong Li ◽  
Xiao Dan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Evaluation Index System ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Comprehensive Benefit ◽  
Project Construction ◽  
Reconstruction Project

Combined heat and power generation is also called the heating reconstruct project, comprehensive benefit evaluation of heating reconstruction project provide a more scientific basis for project construction and project operation, strengthen scientificalness for decision-making , avoid investing blindly and improve investing returns of the project. To begin with, it is emphasize on the analysis of the project whole, and then established evaluation index system and comprehensive evaluation model based on financial and non-financial data collecting of the project. At the third, evaluating the financial feasibility, project environmental benefit and social benefit evaluation of the heating reconstruction project. Eventually, it comes to a conclusion for a validation of heating reconstruction project feasibility.

scholarly journals Influence of Temperature Effect on the Static and Dynamic Performance of Gas-Lubricated Microbearings

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 716
Author(s):  
Liangliang Li ◽  
Zhufeng Liu ◽  
Chongyu Wang ◽  
Yonghui Xie
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Operating Environment ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Operating Stability ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Dynamic Performances ◽  
The Difference

Gas-lubricated microbearings are widely applied in multiple fields due to their advantages of high-speed, low friction level and other features. The operating environment of microbearings is complex, and the difference of temperature has an important influence on their comprehensive performance. In this investigation, FEM (finite element method) is employed to investigate the static, dynamic and limit characteristics of microbearings lubricated by different kinds of gas at different temperatures. The results show that the rise of temperature leads to the decline of equivalent viscosity of gas, which weakens the load capacity of microbearings, and furthermore, affects the operating stability of microbearings. The dynamic performances of microbearings at different temperatures are very different, and the two dynamic limit characteristics are more sensitive to temperature when it changes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Strategies to Reduce the Cost Impacts of Flight Delays on Total Network Costs

Aerospace ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Judith Rosenow ◽  
Philipp Michling ◽  
Michael Schultz ◽  
Jörn Schönberger
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Optimization ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Flight Delays ◽  
Cost Component ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Network Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Hub Airport

Competitive price pressure and economic cost pressure constantly force airlines to improve their optimization strategies. Besides predictable operational costs, delay costs are a significant cost driver for airlines. Especially reactionary delay costs can endanger the profitability of such a company. These time-dependent costs depend on the number of sensitive transfer passengers. This cost component is represented by the number of missed flights and the connectivity of onward flights, i.e., the offer of alternative flight connections. The airline has several options to compensate for reactionary delays, for example, by increasing cruising speeds, shortening turnaround times, rebookings and cancellations. The effects of these options on the cost balance of airline total operating costs have been examined in detail, considering a flight-specific number of transfer passengers. The results have been applied to a 24-h rotation schedule of a large German hub airport. We found, that the fast turnaround and increasing cruise speed are the most effective strategies to compensate for passenger-specific delay costs. The results could be used in a multi-criteria trajectory optimization to find a balance between environmentally-driven and cost-index-driven detours and speed adjustments.

Disability awareness arena in Sweden: voices of learning toward community facilities, universal design and disability perspective

Facilities ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörgen Lundälv ◽  
Henrik Ehrlington ◽  
Andreas Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disability Awareness ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Community Facilities ◽  
The City

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe knowledge, awareness and experience of different employees in a Swedish municipality (City of Gothenburg) concerning the disability perspective, accessibility and universal design in practice. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on an online survey. A total of 119 different employees responded to the survey. The data was analyzed from a mixed-method approach, using descriptive statistics and textual analysis. The study also included personal interviews with 19 employees in the City of Gothenburg. Findings A total of 521 employees in the City of Gothenburg participated in disability awareness exercises (DAE) at the Disability Awareness Arena to gain greater knowledge and insight on disability perspectives in different environments and services. Of these, 119 people representing different professions in soft and hard services and companies participated in the survey; and 19 people participated in personal interviews. The study showed that a vast majority of them were very satisfied and they have developed and practiced their new knowledge and attitude toward disability and accessibility. Research limitations/implications One limitation in this study is that it has investigated the experiences and effects of the DAE 6–12 months after its implementation. Therefore, it is not possible to analyze long-term effects that the DAE can have in practice. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior study of these issues has been conducted in Sweden. This study is deemed to have significant social benefit because of the steadily increasing demand for disability simulations, awareness of disability perspective and accessibility in municipality settings. No other study has addressed the importance of the DAE in these perspectives. DAE is defined in this article as a unique concept for promoting the usage of the disability perspective in the everyday workplace.

Investigations of the Difference in Dam Break Modeling Approaches between 1-D and 2-D Hydrodynamic Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 2423-2426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahita Jouzdani ◽  
Abdorreza Kabiri-Samani
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Dam Break ◽  
Hydrodynamic Behavior ◽  
2D Modeling ◽  
Modeling Approaches ◽  
Numerical Exploration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

There are different numerical models performed on hydrodynamic behavior of dam break flood in canals and floodplains based on 1D and 2D modeling approaches. In recognition of increasing demand to precise modeling of dam break flood, and due to the limited instructions to choose the best computational model, this article appraises the difference between 1D and 2D modeling of the phenomenon based on the logical comparison of the results. For this purpose the Zayandeh-Rood dam in Iran was used as the case study and MIKE11 and MIKE21 are used for numerical exploration of the problem. The reliability of each approach is assessed and the applicability of each method for exact analyzing the dam break phenomena was demonstrated.

Strength Analysis of MEMS Micromirror Devices - Effects of Loading Mode and Etching Damage

2005 ◽  
Vol 297-300 ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Izumi ◽  
Chan Wee Ping ◽  
Makoto Yamaguchi ◽  
Shinsuke Sakai ◽  
Atsushi Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Pure Bending ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Loading Mode ◽  
Safe Side ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Torsion Strength

Strength evaluation method for MEMS micromirror has been proposed. Pure bending and combined loading tests have been performed and torsion strength has been estimated from those results. Two-parameter Weibull distribution was used to evaluate the fractured stresses estimated from FEM model. There exists the difference in strength between pure bending and combined loading. From the load factor analysis, it is found that both geometry and stress distribution have to be considered to estimate the strength of MEMS since flaw population is non-uniformly distributed. It is also found torsional strength can be estimated on the safe side by using the result of combined loading test. From the comparison between two kinds of specimen fabricated by different etching conditions, it is found that the fracture strength is greatly affected by the amount of etching damage (notching).

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