scholarly journals Effect of Intermittent Fasting (18/6) on Energy Expenditure, Nutritional Status, and Body Composition in Healthy Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Duygu Ağagündüz ◽  
Nilüfer Acar-Tek ◽  
Osman Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of intermittent fasting of Ramadan on resting energy expenditure (REE), body composition, and nutritional status. Methods. The study was conducted on a total of 27 adults (16 females, 11 males) who were fasting (18 h) in the Ramadan month (May 6–June 3) of 2019. REE was measured using the indirect calorimeter. Dietary energy and nutrient intakes were evaluated by 3-day food records in baseline and post-Ramadan. Body composition and some metabolic parameters were analyzed simultaneously with REE measurements. All measurements were performed two times at baseline, and post-Ramadan. Results. Body weight (−2.9% vs. −1.4%), body mass index (BMI) (−3.1% vs. −2.1%), fat-free mass (−2.7% vs. −1.4%), and hydration status were decreased in both males and females after the Ramadan fasting ( p < 0.05 ). REEs (kcal/d) of the participants were 1708.1 ± 262.50 kcal/d and 1596.5 ± 302.27 kcal/d at baseline and post-Ramadan, respectively (6.5%) ( p < 0.05 ). This decrease in REE (kcal/d) in females was greater than that in males (−8.1% vs. −4.6%). However, no statistically significant difference was found in sleep duration (h), physical activity levels, dietary energy and nutrient intakes, and blood pressures (mm Hg) of both genders compared to baseline ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Intermittent circadian fasting may lead to a decreased energy expenditure and a change in fat-free mass in healthy individuals, and this effect is interpreted as gender-dependent.

Comparison of energy expenditure, body composition, metabolic disorders, and energy intake between obese children with a history of craniopharyngioma and children with multifactorial obesity

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilanit Bomer ◽  
Carola Saure ◽  
Carolina Caminiti ◽  
Javier Gonzales Ramos ◽  
Graciela Zuccaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Mass Percentage

AbstractCraniopharyngioma is a histologically benign brain malformation with a fundamental role in satiety modulation, causing obesity in up to 52% of patients.To evaluate cardiovascular risk factors, body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), and energy intake in craniopharyngioma patients and to compare the data with those from children with multifactorial obesity.All obese children and adolescents who underwent craniopharyngioma resection and a control group of children with multifactorial obesity in follow-up between May 2012 and April 2013.Anthropometric measurements, bioelectrical impedance, indirect calorimetry, energy intake, homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and dyslipidemia were evaluated.Twenty-three patients with craniopharyngioma and 43 controls were included. Children with craniopharyngioma-related obesity had a lower fat-free mass percentage (62.4 vs. 67.5; p=0.01) and a higher fat mass percentage (37.5 vs. 32.5; p=0.01) compared to those with multifactorial obesity. A positive association was found between %REE and %fat-free mass in subjects with multifactorial obesity (68±1% in normal REE vs. 62.6±1% in low REE; p=0.04), but not in craniopharyngioma patients (62±2.7 in normal REE vs. 61.2±1.8% in low REE; p=0.8). No differences were found in metabolic involvement or energy intake.REE was lower in craniopharyngioma patients compared to children with multifactorial obesity regardless of the amount of fat-free mass, suggesting that other factors may be responsible for the lower REE.

scholarly journals Influence of body composition on physical activity validation studies using doubly labeled water

2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Mâsse ◽  
Janet E. Fulton ◽  
Kathleen L. Watson ◽  
Matthew T. Mahar ◽  
Michael C. Meyers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Methods Comparison ◽  
Statistical Procedures

This study investigated the influence of two approaches (mathematical transformation and statistical procedures), used to account for body composition [body mass or fat-free mass (FFM)], on associations between two measures of physical activity and energy expenditure determined by doubly labeled water (DLW). Complete data for these analyses were available for 136 African American (44.1%) and Hispanic (55.9%) women (mean age 50 ± 7.3 yr). Total energy expenditure (TEE) by DLW was measured over 14 days. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) was computed as 0.90 × TEE - resting metabolic rate. During week 2, participants wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days and completed a 7-day diary. Pearson's product-moment correlations and three statistical procedures (multiple regressions, partial correlations, and allometric scaling) were used to assess the effect of body composition on associations. The methods-comparison analysis was used to study the effect of body composition on agreement. The statistical procedures demonstrated that associations improved when body composition was included in the model. The accelerometer explained a small but meaningful portion of the variance in TEE and PAEE after body mass was accounted for. The methods-comparison analysis confirmed that agreement with DLW was affected by the transformation. Agreement between the diary (transformed with body mass) and TEE reflected the association that exists between body mass and TEE. These results suggest that the accelerometer and diary accounted for a small portion of TEE and PAEE. Most of the variance in DLW-measured energy expenditure was explained by body mass or FFM.

Energy Expenditure and Body Fat Distribution in Mohawk Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Michael I. Goran ◽  
Mary Kaskoun ◽  
Rachel Johnson ◽  
Charlene Martinez ◽  
Benson Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass

Objective. Epidemiologic studies suggest that Native Americans, including the Mohawk people, have a high prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk. However, current information on alterations in related variables such as energy metabolism and body composition in Native Americans is almost exclusively limited to already obese Pima adults living in the Southwest. The aim of this study was to characterize energy metabolism and body composition in young Mohawk children (17 girls, 11 boys; aged 4 to 7 years) as compared to Caucasian children (36 girls, 34 boys; aged 4 to 7 years). Total energy expenditure was measured by doubly labeled water, postprandial resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry, and activity energy expenditure was derived from the difference between total and resting energy expenditure. Fat and fat free mass were estimated from bioelectrical resistance, and body fat distribution was estimated from skinfolds and circumferences. Results. There were no significant effects of ethnic background or sex on body weight, height, or body mass index. Fat free mass was significantly higher in boys and fat mass was significantly higher in girls, with no effect of ethnic background. Chest skinfold thickness, the ratio of trunk skinfolds:extremity skinfolds, and the waist:hip ratio were significantly higher in Mohawk children by 2.5 mm, 0.09 units, and 0.03 units, respectively, independent of sex and fat mass. Total energy expenditure was significantly higher in Mohawk children compared to Caucasian (100 kcal/day in girls, 150 kcal/day in boys), independent of fat free mass and sex, due to a significantly higher physical activity-related energy expenditure. Conclusion. These data suggest that: 1) body fat is more centrally distributed in Mohawk relative to Caucasian children, and this effect is independent of sex and body fat content; 2) Mohawk children have a greater total energy expenditure than Caucasian children, independent of fat free mass, due to greater physical activity-related energy expenditure.

Resting Energy Expenditure in Obese Women with Primary Hypothyroidism and Appropriate Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. e1741-e1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Muraca ◽  
Stefano Ciardullo ◽  
Alice Oltolini ◽  
Francesca Zerbini ◽  
Eleonora Bianconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Primary Hypothyroidism ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Resting Energy

Abstract Context Growing evidence suggests that appropriate levothyroxine (LT4) replacement therapy may not correct the full set of metabolic defects afflicting individuals with hypothyroidism. Objective To assess whether obese subjects with primary hypothyroidism are characterized by alterations of the resting energy expenditure (REE). Design Retrospective analysis of a set of data about obese women attending the outpatients service of a single obesity center from January 2013 to July 2019. Patients A total of 649 nondiabetic women with body mass index (BMI) &gt; 30 kg/m2 and thyrotropin (TSH) level 0.4–4.0 mU/L were segregated into 2 groups: patients with primary hypothyroidism taking LT4 therapy (n = 85) and patients with normal thyroid function (n = 564). Main outcomes REE and body composition assessed using indirect calorimetry and bioimpedance. Results REE was reduced in women with hypothyroidism in LT4 therapy when compared with controls (28.59 ± 3.26 vs 29.91 ± 3.59 kcal/kg fat-free mass (FFM)/day), including when adjusted for age, BMI, body composition, and level of physical activity (P = 0.008). This metabolic difference was attenuated only when adjustment for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was performed. Conclusions This study demonstrated that obese hypothyroid women in LT4 therapy, with normal serum TSH level compared with euthyroid controls, are characterized by reduced REE, in line with the hypothesis that standard LT4 replacement therapy may not fully correct metabolic alterations related to hypothyroidism. We are not able to exclude that this feature may be influenced by the modulation of insulin sensitivity at the liver site, induced by LT4 oral administration.

scholarly journals Determining the level of physical activity estimated by the Canada Fitness Survey questionnaire using criteria of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Alicja Kostencka ◽  
Anna Pastuszak ◽  
Krzysztof Buśko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
International Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

SummaryStudy aim: The aim of the study was to determine the weekly energy expenditure measuring MET/min/week based on data collected through the Canada Fitness Survey (CFS), according to the classification used in the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and to verify the adopted method to assess the level of physical activity in students of physical education. Material and methods: The study involved 116 female students (21.1 ± 1.6) and 276 male students (21.2 ± 1.7), studying Physical Education at Kazimierz Wielki University. Physical activity (PA) of respondents assessed using the Canada Fitness Survey was converted to energy expenditure in MET/min/week using the criteria established in the IPAQ. Body composition was assessed according to bioelectrical impedance. Results: A significantly smaller fat fraction was observed in the group of students with high physical activity (PA) (p < 0.01). In women, there was a significant relation between FAT% and all analysed characteristics of physical activity: total physical activity (TPA) – 0.274, vigorous intensity (VI) – 0.216, number of days spent on physical activity (DTPA) – 0.199 and number of days spent on vigorous intensity (DVI) – 0.202 (p < 0.05). In men, a significant relation was found between all the analysed tissue components and the adopted variables of PA (FAT% vs. TPA – 0.145, VI – 0.203, DTPA – 0.187; FATkg vs. TPA – 0.123, VI – 0.186, DTPA – 0.178; FATkg vs. DVI – 0.131). BMI significantly correlated with VI (–0.162) and DVI (–0.140), p < 0.05. Conclusions: Based on data collected using the CFS on the type and frequency of PA during a week, we can determine the level of activity in a measurable way, using the IPAQ classification. There is a significant relationship between thus determined physical activity levels and body composition in both women and men, which proves the accuracy of the adopted method of converting weekly energy expenditure to MET/min/week.

scholarly journals Energy metabolism in sedentary and active 49- to 70-yr-old women

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Withers ◽  
D. A. Smith ◽  
R. C. Tucker ◽  
M. Brinkman ◽  
D. G. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Statistical Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy Expenditures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living State

This study examined differences between long-term exercising (LE) and long-term nonexercising (LNE) women [ n = 24; age 56.4 ± 6.2 (SD) yr] for resting metabolic rate (RMR) and energy expenditure in the free-living state by using doubly labeled water (DLW). There was a statistically significant difference ( P = 0.0002) between the 12 LE (94.85 ± 8.44 kJ ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1) and 12 LNE (81.16 ± 6.62 kJ ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ day−1) for RMR, but this difference was only marginally significant ( P = 0.06) when the data (MJ/day) were subjected to an analysis of covariance with fat-free mass as the covariate. The DLW data indicated that the eight most active LE (12.99 ± 3.58 MJ/day) expended significantly ( P = 0.01) more energy than did the eight least active LNE (9.30 ± 1.15 MJ/day). Energy expenditures ranged from 7.64 to 18.15 MJ/day, but there was no difference ( P = 0.96) between the LE and LNE in energy expenditure during activity that was not designed to either improve or maintain fitness. These cross-sectional data on 49- to 70-yr-old women therefore suggest that 1) aerobic-type training results in a greater RMR per unit of body mass and also when statistical control is exerted for the effect of the metabolically active fat-free mass, 2) there is a large range in the energy intake necessary to maintain energy balance, and 3) aerobic training does not result in a compensatory reduction in energy expenditure during the remainder of the day.

scholarly journals Associations of AD Biomarkers and Cognitive Performance with Nutritional Status: The NUDAD Project

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid S. Doorduijn ◽  
Marjolein Visser ◽  
Ondine van de Rest ◽  
Maartje I. Kester ◽  
Francisca A. de Leeuw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Gender And Education

As malnutrition is common in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we evaluated nutritional status and body composition of patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and controls, and studied associations of AD biomarkers and cognitive performance with nutritional status and body composition. We included 552 participants, of which 198 patients had AD, 135 patients had MCI and 219 controls. We assessed nutritional status (mini nutritional assessment (MNA)) and body composition (body mass index (BMI), fat-free mass (FFM) and waist circumference). Linear regression analyses (adjusted for age, gender and education where appropriate) were applied to test associations of AD biomarkers and cognitive performance on five domains with nutritional parameters (dependent). Patients with MCI and AD had a lower BMI and MNA score than controls. Worse performance in all cognitive domains was associated with lower MNA score, but not with body composition. AD biomarkers were associated with MNA score, BMI and waist circumference, and associations with MNA score remained after adjustment for cognitive performance. Both AD biomarkers and cognitive performance were associated with nutritional status, associations with AD biomarkers remained after adjustment for cognition. Our data suggest that malnutrition is not only related to impaired cognition but also to AD pathology.

scholarly journals Body composition and resting energy expenditure in humans: role of fat, fat-free mass and extracellular fluid

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nielsen ◽  
DD Hensrud ◽  
S Romanski ◽  
JA Levine ◽  
B Burguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Resting Energy

Validation of a new prognostic body composition parameter in cancer patients.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 11597-11597
Author(s):  
Paolo Pedrazzoli ◽  
Riccardo Caccialanza ◽  
Nicole Stobäus ◽  
Annalisa Turri ◽  
Catherine Klersy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Composition Parameter ◽  
Body Composition Parameter

11597 Background: In cancer patients protein-calorie imbalances are responsible for decreased lean body mass and, in turn, for worse clinical outcome. We evaluated the prognostic value of a new body composition parameter (creatinine height index [CHI]) obtained from bioimpedance vectorial analysis-derived body cell mass and its association with nutritional and functional status. Methods: Data from Italian and German cancer patients based on information from previous prospective cohort studies were used. Multivariable models (adjusted for age, gender, hydration status, performance status, and disease stage) were built in both cohorts to assess the association between body composition outcome parameters (low fat-free mass [FFM], <15 [females] and <17 [males] kg/m2; low standardized phase angle [SPA], <-1.65; low CHI, <510 [females] and <660 [males] mg/24h/m) and 1-year all-cause mortality, low body mass index (BMI; <20 [<70 years] and <22 [>/=70 years] kg/m2), clinically significant weight loss (WL; >/=10% in 6 months) and low handgrip strength (HG; <20 [females] and <30 [males] kg). Results: Overall, 1084 cancer patients were included (Italians, N=454; Germans, N=630). Low CHI was independently associated with mortality in both Italian and German cohorts (Table). Low FFMI and low SPA did not predict survival in the German cohort. In patients with low CHI, worse nutritional and functional status were observed in both study populations. Performance of models addressing the study endpoints showed substantial consistency with both cohorts, particularly of those including low CHI. Conclusions: We validated a new prognostic body composition parameter, which is easier to interpret than standard nutritional parameters and may be useful for identifying cancer patients at nutritional risk, requiring early nutritional support. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Moderate to high levels of exercise are associated with higher resting energy expenditure in community-dwelling postmenopausal women

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153
Author(s):  
Andrew W. Froehle ◽  
Susan R. Hopkins ◽  
Loki Natarajan ◽  
Margaret J. Schoeninger
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Lean Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Lean Tissue Mass

Postmenopausal women experience an age-related decline in resting energy expenditure (REE), which is a risk factor for energy imbalance and metabolic disease. Exercise, because of its association with greater lean tissue mass and other factors, has the potential to mediate REE decline, but the relation between exercise and REE in postmenopausal women is not well characterized. This study tests the hypothesis that exercise energy expenditure (EEE) is positively associated with REE and can counter the effects of age and menopause. It involves a cross-sectional sample of 31 healthy postmenopausal women (aged 49–72 years) with habitual exercise volumes at or above levels consistent with current clinical recommendations. Subjects kept exercise diaries for 4 weeks that quantified exercise activity and were measured for body composition, maximal oxygen uptake, and REE. Multiple regression analysis was used to test for associations between EEE, age, body composition, and REE. There was a significant positive relation between EEE and lean tissue mass (fat-free mass and fat-free mass index). The relation between REE and EEE remained significant even after controlling for lean tissue mass. These results support the hypothesis that exercise is positively associated with REE and can counter the negative effects of age and menopause. They also indicate a continuous relation between exercise and REE across ranges of exercise, from moderate to high. Exercise at levels that are at or above current clinical guidelines might, in part, ameliorate the risk for energy imbalance and metabolic disease because of its positive relation with REE.

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