Synthesis and Characterization of Feed-Grade Monocalcium Phosphate Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O from Oyster Shell

Oyster shells are considered as a byproduct or solid waste in mariculture or related food processing areas that face a major disposal problem at the landfill in coastal regions for sustainable development. Oyster shell is composed mostly of CaCO3, and it is also considered as a secondary source of calcium for various applications. In this paper, we extracted the calcium carbonate from oyster shell and used it as the source of calcium for the preparation of feed-grade monocalcium phosphate (MCP). The investigation shows that the heavy metal contents in oyster shells as well as in the synthesized MCP are extremely low, and the synthesized product meets the requirements for the European Union (EU) maximum limits applied for feed additives. The XRD, TG, and IR data analyses confirmed that the synthesized product is monocalcium phosphate.

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Sustainability Investigation of Vehicles’ CO2 Emission in Hungary

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158237 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8237

Author(s):

István Árpád ◽

Judit T. Kiss ◽

Gábor Bellér ◽

Dénes Kocsis

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Energy Supply ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

The European Union ◽

New Approach ◽

Technology System ◽

Low Co2

The regulation of vehicular CO2 emissions determines the permissible emissions of vehicles in units of g CO2/km. However, these values only partially provide adequate information because they characterize only the vehicle but not the emission of the associated energy supply technology system. The energy needed for the motion of vehicles is generated in several ways by the energy industry, depending on how the vehicles are driven. These methods of energy generation consist of different series of energy source conversions, where the last technological step is the vehicle itself, and the result is the motion. In addition, sustainability characterization of vehicles cannot be determined by the vehicle’s CO2 emissions alone because it is a more complex notion. The new approach investigates the entire energy technology system associated with the generation of motion, which of course includes the vehicle. The total CO2 emissions and the resulting energy efficiency have been determined. For this, it was necessary to systematize (collect) the energy supply technology lines of the vehicles. The emission results are not given in g CO2/km but in g CO2/J, which is defined in the paper. This new method is complementary to the European Union regulative one, but it allows more complex evaluations of sustainability. The calculations were performed based on Hungarian data. Finally, using the resulting energy efficiency values, the emission results were evaluated by constructing a sustainability matrix similar to the risk matrix. If only the vehicle is investigated, low CO2 emissions can be achieved with vehicles using internal combustion engines. However, taking into consideration present technologies, in terms of sustainability, the spread of electric-only vehicles using renewable energies can result in improvement in the future. This proposal was supported by the combined analysis of the energy-specific CO2 emissions and the energy efficiency of vehicles with different power-driven systems.

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Allergens from Edible Insects: Cross-reactivity and Effects of Processing

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports ◽

10.1007/s11882-021-01012-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Laura De Marchi ◽

Andrea Wangorsch ◽

Gianni Zoccatelli

Keyword(s):

Food Processing ◽

Cross Reactivity ◽

Allergic Reactions ◽

Edible Insects ◽

Insect Allergy ◽

Crucial Information ◽

Inhalant Allergens ◽

Minor Allergens

Abstract Purpose of Review The recent introduction of edible insects in Western countries has raised concerns about their safety in terms of allergenic reactions. The characterization of insect allergens, the sensitization and cross-reactivity mechanisms, and the effects of food processing represent crucial information for risk assessment. Recent Findings Allergic reactions to different insects and cross-reactivity with crustacean and inhalant allergens have been described, with the identification of new IgE-binding proteins besides well-known pan-allergens. Depending on the route of sensitization, different potential allergens seem to be involved. Food processing may affect the solubility and the immunoreactivity of insect allergens, with results depending on species and type of proteins. Chemical/enzymatic hydrolysis, in some cases, abolishes immunoreactivity. Summary More studies based on subjects with a confirmed insect allergy are necessary to identify major and minor allergens and the role of the route of sensitization. The effects of processing need to be further investigated to assess the risk associated with the ingestion of insect-containing food products.

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Investigating the Relationship between Company Competitiveness and Environmental Regulation in European Food Processing: Results of a Matched Firm Comparison

Environment and Planning A Economy and Space ◽

10.1068/a301585 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 1585-1602 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D M W N Hitchens ◽

J E Birnie ◽

A McGowan ◽

U Triebswetter ◽

A Cottica

Keyword(s):

Environmental Regulation ◽

Food Processing ◽

Value Added ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Environmental Costs ◽

The European Union ◽

The Republic ◽

The Cost ◽

The Relationship ◽

Regulation Costs

The authors use a method of matched-plant comparisons between food processing firms in Germany, Italy, Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland to investigate the relationship between environmental regulation and company competitiveness across the European Union. Comparative competitiveness was indicated by measures of value-added per employee, physical productivity, export share, and employment growth. The cost of water supply (public or well), effluent treatment (in-plant treatment and/or sewerage system), and disposal of sludge and packaging were also compared. Total environmental costs in Germany, Italy, and Ireland were small: usually less than 1% of turnover. Compared with the Irish firms, German companies had relatively high environmental costs as well as productivity levels. There was, however, a lack of a clear relationship between company competitiveness and the size of regulation costs: in Ireland and Italy environmental costs were similar but German firms had much higher productivity; compared with German counterparts, Italian firms had lower environmental costs but higher productivity.

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Formulation and characterization of β-caryophellene-loaded lipid nanocarriers with different carrier lipids for food processing applications

LWT ◽

10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111805 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 111805

Author(s):

Min Hyeock Lee ◽

In Young Lee ◽

Yong Gi Chun ◽

Bum-Keun Kim

Keyword(s):

Food Processing ◽

Lipid Nanocarriers

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Gobernanza económica europea y modelo territorial de distribución del poder

RVAP 118 - Revista Vasca de Administración Pública / Herri-Arduralaritzarako Euskal Aldizkaria ◽

10.47623/ivap-rvap.96.2013.04 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 153-191

Author(s):

Ainhoa LASA LÓPEZ

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

The European Union ◽

European Level ◽

Euro Pean ◽

Economic Constitution ◽

The One ◽

The Impact ◽

The Relationship ◽

The Ideal

LABURPENA: Artikulu honetan, Europar Batasuneko botere-artikulazio berriak erkidegotan osatutako Espainian zer eragin daukan aztertuko dugu. Europa mailako politika-ekonomia erlazioak funtsezko bi koordenatu izan behar ditu ezinbestean. Alde batetik, Europako konstituzio-ordena ez dela gizartearen konstituzionalismoaren koordenatuetan ernatutako ordenaren berdina. Bestetik, Europako konstituzio ekonomikoa Europa bat egiteko proiektuak berarekin dakartzan aldaketa berriak gorpuzteko eremua dela. Izan ere, funtsean, Europako konstituzio ekonomikoa plataforma ezin hobea delako boterearen artikulazioa berria nola artikulatu asmatzeko, Europa guztirako. RESUMEN: el objetivo de este artículo es analizar el impacto que tiene la nueva articulación del poder en la Unión Europea en el Estado español de las autonomías. La relación política-economía a nivel europeo debe tener en cuenta dos coordenadas fundamentales. Por una parte, la consideración del orden constitucional europeo como un orden distinto al gestado bajo las coordenadas del constitucionalismo social. Por otra, la caracterización de la constitución económica europea como ámbito de materialización de las nuevas transformaciones que incorpora el proyecto de integración europeo. Fundamentalmente, porque la constitución económica europea representa la plataforma idónea desde la que dilucidar la nueva articulación del poder desde el espacio supranacional europeo. ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of the new articula tion of power in the European Union in the Spanish state of autonomies. The relationship between politics and economy at European level must take into consideration two fundamental coordinates. On the one hand, the Euro pean constitucional system appears as a system opposite to that of social constitutionalism. Moreover, the characterization of the European economic constitution as a field of realization of the new transformations incorporated by the European project. Specially, because this represents the ideal platform in order to analyse the new articulation of power from European supranational space.

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Characterization of the Low-Salinity Stress in Vibrio vulnificus

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-71.2.416 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 71 (2) ◽

pp. 416-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

HIN-CHUNG WONG ◽

SHU-HUI LIU

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Food Processing ◽

Vibrio Vulnificus ◽

Exponential Phase ◽

Salinity Adaptation ◽

Significant Protection ◽

Low Salinity ◽

Short Period ◽

Nonculturable State

Vibrio vulnificus is a marine pathogenic bacterium commonly found in seawater or seafood. This organism encounters low-salinity stress in its natural environment and during food processing. This study was designed to investigate the response of V. vulnificus YJ03 to lethal low salinity (0.04% NaCl) and its adaptation to sublethal salinity (0.12% NaCl with 20 amino acids added). A short period in the nonculturable state was induced by lethal low-salinity stress followed by cell death after 30 min of stress. Addition of 1 mM glycine betaine or 0.5 mM sucrose reduced the damage. Low-salinity adaptation was achieved in the exponential-phase cells but not in the stationary-phase cells. Significant protection against lethal low-salinity stress was attained when the cells were adapted for as little as 1.5 min. The adapted cells were significantly protected against lethal low salinity and 2.4% sodium sorbate but sensitized to the challenge of heat (52°C) and acid (pH 3.2). Nonlethal lowsalinity treatment of seafood should be avoided to prevent stress adaptation of V. vulnificus.

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Wastewater effluent characteristics from Moroccan textile industry

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.205 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

pp. 2791-2799 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Y. Mountassir ◽

A. Benyaich ◽

M. Rezrazi ◽

P. Berçot ◽

L. Gebrati

Keyword(s):

Textile Industry ◽

Chemical Characterization ◽

Textile Wastewater ◽

Complete Characterization ◽

Wastewater Effluent ◽

The European Union ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Standard Limit ◽

Effluent Characteristics

The objectives of this work were to carry out a complete characterization of textile wastewater, resulting from a textile unit located in the Marrakesh region. A physico-chemical characterization has been performed, focused on organic and toxicological aspects. The cladoceran Daphnia magna was used as the sensor organism and lethal concentration as a criterion to measure the toxicity of textile wastewater. The physico-chemical and toxicological status of a local textile effluent showed considerable values limitation, when compared to the European Union standard limit and Moroccan guide level and other studies. In view of those characteristics, the wastewater effluent from the textile industry should be considered to be treated before discharge to the environment.

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The standard characterization of the Romanian onion landrace ‘Roșie de Făgăraș’

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Horticulture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:12227 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Mihaela Antofie ◽

Camelia Sand Sava

Keyword(s):

In Situ Conservation ◽

Political Support ◽

Medium Size ◽

Small Scale ◽

The European Union ◽

Market Place ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Land Cultivation

‘Roșie de Făgăraș’ is a red onion landrace originating from the old region Făgăraș Country situated in South East Transylvania. It was officially included in the National Official Catalogue for cultivars and hybrids in 1952, for almost 50 years, and erased before 2004 without applying in situ conservation measures. However, food security depends on the appropriate management of all genetic resources for food and agriculture (PGRFA). Thus they have to be conserved and sustainable used and efforts have to be done for the recognition of this landrace as a PGRFA and therefore to be maintained "under conservation" into the Official Catalogue. The study focused on analysing data from three localities recognized for cultivating ‘Roșie de Făgăraș’, in order to evaluate morphometric characteristics of mature onion bulbs according to the UPOV Standard TG/46/7, productivity, land cultivation and socio-economic vulnerabilities. The analysis of morphometric measurements results support that ‘Roșie de Făgăraș’ is a medium size red onion that may have the chance to enter the market place, at least at the small scale, according to the current regulatory framework of the European Union regarding the conservation of landraces and provided by: Directive 2008/62/EC, Directive 2009/145/EC and Directive 2010/60/EU. The analysis of productivity, and land cultivation revealed dramatic land use change associated with the decline of cultivated area as following: 76.27% in Mândra, 50% in Recea and 33.34% in Beclean. With an increasing aging population, lack of political support for entering the market place, decrease of landowners cultivating ‘Roșie de Făgăraș’ for trade will increase vulnerability of traditional knowledge related to the conservation of this landrace.

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Chemical and petrochemical industry

Physical Sciences Reviews ◽

10.1515/psr-2018-0025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katarzyna Staszak

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Petrochemical Industry ◽

Metal Recovery ◽

Platinum Group Metals ◽

Secondary Source ◽

New Methods ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Potential Sources ◽

Industrial Solutions

Abstract The potential sources of various metals in chemical and petrochemical processes are discussed. Special emphasis is put on the catalysts used in the industry. Their main applications, compositions, especially metal contents are presented both for fresh and spent ones. The focus is on the main types of metals used in catalysts: the platinum-group metals, the rare-earth elements, and the variety of transition metals. The analysis suggested that chemical and petrochemical sectors can be considered as the secondary source of metals. Because the utilization of spent refinery catalysts for metal recovery is potentially viable, different methods were applied. The conventional approaches used in metal reclamation as hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy, as well as new methods include bioleaching, were described. Some industrial solutions for metal recovery from spent solution were also presented.

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