The Significance of Cortical Cerebellar Microbleeds and Microinfarcts in Neurodegenerative and Cerebrovascular Diseases

Background: As cortical microbleeds and microinfarcts in neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases have been studied predominantly at the level of the cerebral hemispheres and linked to the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), we aimed at determining with 7.0-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) whether the causes and the frequency of cortical cerebellar microbleeds (CCeMBs) and microinfarcts (CCeMIs) are the same. Materials and Methods: Hundred and four postmortem brains, composed of 29 with pure Alzheimer's disease (AD), 9 with AD associated to CAA, 10 with frontotemporal lobar degeneration, 9 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 10 with Lewy body disease, 12 with progressive supranuclear palsy, 9 with vascular dementia (VaD), and 16 controls, were examined. On a horizontal section of a cerebellar hemisphere examined with 7.0-tesla MRI, the number CCeMBs and CCeMIs were compared between the different disease groups and the control group. The MRI findings were also compared with the corresponding mean values observed on histological examination of a separate standard horizontal section of a cerebellar hemisphere, used for diagnostic purpose. Results: CCeMBs and CCeMIs were only significantly increased in the VaD group. When comparing the diseased patients with and without CAA mutually and with those with arterial hypertension and severe atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease, only in the latter an increase of CCeMBs and CCeMIs was observed. There was an excellent correlation between the MRI and the neuropathological findings. Conclusions: CCeMBs and CCeMIs are mainly due to atherosclerotic cerebrovascular disease and not due to CAA. Their increased presence cannot be included to the Boston diagnostic criteria for CAA.

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Study of serum non-HDL cholesterol in cerebrovascular disease

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v9i3.6469 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 143-149

Author(s):

S Parvin ◽

MM Hoque ◽

N Sultana ◽

Z Naoshin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Medical Science ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Large Sample Size ◽

Mean Values ◽

Group I ◽

Bangladeshi Population ◽

Level Of Significance

Background: Non-HDL cholesterol is a potential newer risk factor for cerebrovascular diseases (CVD). Objective: To explore the association of non-HDL cholesterol with cerebrovascular disease. Methods: This case control study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, Dhaka during the period of January to December 2007 to evaluate the association of non-HDL cholesterol with CVD in Bangladeshi population. A total number of 135 subjects of both sexes were grouped as Group-I (CVD cases) and Group-II (Healthy controls). Group-I include 85 cases of which 59 were ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases (ICVD) and 26 were haemorrhagic cerebrovascular diseases (HCVD). By taking the history and doing clinical examination and laboratory investigations, diabetes mellitus, malignant disease, renal disease, liver disease and diuretic medication were excluded from study subjects. Serum non-HDL cholesterol was measured in all study subjects. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS for windows version 12.0. Mean values of the findings were compared between groups. One way ANOVA test and multiple comparison (Bonferroni‘t’) test were used to see the level of significance. Results: Serum non-HDL cholesterol found significantly increased in CVD, ICVD and HCVD cases in comparison to control subjects. But ICVD and HCVD cases did not differ with respect to serum non-HDLcholesterol. Conclusion: The result shows that elevated non-HDL cholesterol is associated with CVD. Prospective study with large sample size is required to evaluate the elevated Non-HDL cholesterol as a risk factor of CVD. Key words: Non-HDL cholesterol; Cerebrovascular disease; Ischaemic cerebrovascular disease; Haemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease. DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v9i3.6469Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.09 No.3 July 2010, pp.143-149

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The Variation in Cholesterol and Triglycerides Levels and the Risk for Stroke in First Degree Relatives of Stroke Patients

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.11.6684 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (11) ◽

pp. 3068-3071

Author(s):

Cristina Grosu ◽

Alexandra Mastaleru ◽

Victor Vlad Costan ◽

Otilia Nita ◽

Maria Magdalena Leon Constantin

Keyword(s):

Carotid Artery ◽

Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Mean Values ◽

First Degree Relatives ◽

Media Thickness ◽

Stroke Group

Cerebrovascular diseases have become a leading cause of mortality and major invalidity throughout the world in the last years. The levels of cholesterol and triglycerides are among the modifiable risk factors for stroke. The intima media thickness (IMT) is a very good marker for subclinical atherosclerosis and also for predicting future cardio- and cerebrovascular events. The aim of this study was to determine correlations between the lipid profile and the value of the intima media thickness as a risk factor for stroke in first degree relatives of stroke patients. We evaluated a total of 176 subjects, selected by well defined criteria, divided into three groups: stroke patients, first degree relatives of stroke patients and a healthy control group. We measured weight, height and body mass index, the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, and IMT by cervical ultrasound mode B, at the common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) bilaterally. The mean values of lipids were in the normal range. However, in the stroke group, both cholesterol and triglyceride levels were increased compared to the other groups. The triglycerides level positively correlated with IMT in the CCA in both control and stroke patients, but this was not the case for cholesterol levels. Also, the increase in IMT in stroke patients correlated with an increase in IMT of their relatives. Further research is needed in order to elaborate a screening algorithm for primary prevention of stroke in first degree relatives of stroke patients.

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Ischemia-modified albumin and fibulin-5 as diagnostic and prognostic markers for acute cerebrovascular disease

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery ◽

10.1186/s41983-020-00264-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hosna S. Elshony ◽

Mohammed A. Okda ◽

Rasha A. El-Kabany

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Control Group ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Stroke Event ◽

Ischemia Modified Albumin ◽

Gcs Score ◽

First Time ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Fibulin-5 and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels increase in acute phase of cerebrovascular diseases, yet data regarding their levels in various stroke subtypes and correlation with severity and prognosis are still insufficient. This work aims to evaluate serum IMA and fibulin-5 as markers for early detection and predicting prognosis in acute cerebrovascular disease. Method This case-control study was done on 100 patients with first time stroke, assessed by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) within the first 24 h after stroke event, lesion volume was calculated, serum fibulin-5 and IMA levels were measured in the first few hours of stroke, and their levels were compared with levels measured in 75 control subjects. Three months later, stroke patients were assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (MRS). Results Fibulin-5 and IMA were significantly higher in the patient than in the control group and were positively correlated with lesion volume and NIHSS score but inversely correlated with GCS score. Fibulin-5 was statistically higher in hemorrhage group, whereas IMA was statistically higher in infarction group. MRS score was positively correlated with fibulin-5 levels at onset of stroke but not with IMA. Conclusion Fibulin-5 and ischemia-modified albumin are increased during the acute stroke phase and correlated with severity of stroke, but only fibulin-5 shows significant correlation with prognosis.

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Arg506GIn Factor V Mutation (Factor V Leiden) in Patients with Ischaemic Cerebrovascular Disease and Survivors of Myocardial Infarction

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1653820 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (04) ◽

pp. 558-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

Kimmo Kontula ◽

Antti Ylikorkala ◽

Helena Miettinen ◽

Alpo Vuorio ◽

Ritva Kauppinen-Mäkelin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Factor V Leiden ◽

Mutant Gene ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Extensive Study ◽

Carrier Status ◽

Factor V ◽

Ischaemic Attack

SummaryThe point mutation Arg506->Gln of factor V was recently shown to be an important and relatively common genetic cause of venous thromboembolism. Using a DNA technique based on polymerase chain reaction, we surveyed the blood samples of 236 patients with ischaemic stroke or a transient ischaemic attack, 122 survivors of myocardial infarction and 137 control subjects for the presence of this mutation. Although the frequency of the factor V mutation in patients with arterial disease (4.5%) was not significantly different from that in healthy blood donors (2.9%), a carrier status for this mutant gene was associated with symptoms of migraine and relatively mild angiographic abnormalities among patients with cerebrovascular disease. A more extensive study addressing the occurrence and significance of the mutant factor V mutation in patients with vasospastic cerebrovascular diseases seems to be warranted.

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Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Against TramadolInduced Nephrotoxicity in Mice

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH ◽

10.25258/ijtpr.v9i02.9053 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Ashraf Albrakati

Keyword(s):

Oral Dose ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Serum Urea ◽

Kidney Function Tests ◽

Mean Values ◽

Intraperitoneal Dose ◽

Moringa Oleifera Leaves ◽

The Mean

Tramadol, a broadly in recent years, is an effective analgesic agent for the treatment of moderate to acute pain. Its metabolites are excreted by the kidney which may cause nephrotoxicity. Moringa oleifera leaves are commonly used to provide herbal and plant-derived medicinal products especially in developing nations. The present study was carried out to determine the biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of tramadol-treated albino mice and to evaluate the possible protective role of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity. Twenty adult albino mice were divided into four groups. Control group (group i) received daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline only, group ii received oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (20 mg/kg/bw) for three weeks, group iii received daily intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw) for the same period, group iv, received daily oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract, (20 mg/kg/bw) three hours before injecting intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw), for the same period. Blood samples were withdrawn at the end of the experiment for kidney function tests and specimens from the kidney were processed for histological study. No significant differences in the mean values of the kidney function tests were noticed between Moringa oleifera group and control group. However, there was highly significant increase in the mean values of serum, urea and creatinine in tramadol-treated group as compared to the control group. Although tramadol + Moringa oleifera group revealed significant difference in the mean values of urea and creatinine when compared with tramadol-treated group. So, Moringa oleifera leaves extract have been shown to attenuate the renal dysfunction, improve the renal architecture, with nearly normalization of serum urea and creatinine levels which indicate improvement of renal function. In conclusion, in the light of biochemical results and histological findings, co-administration of Moringa oleifera leaves lessened the negative effects of tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity; possibly by its antioxidant action. Further investigation of these promising protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced renal injury may have considerable impact on developing an adjunct therapy aiming to improve the therapeutic index of some nephrotoxic drugs.

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Brain MRI-findings in Ph - negative myeloproliferative disorders

Terapevticheskii arkhiv ◽

10.26442/00403660.2019.07.000329 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 91 (7) ◽

pp. 29-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M M Tanashyan ◽

A L Melikyan ◽

P I Kuznetsova ◽

A A Raskurazhev ◽

A A Shabalina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Cerebral Arteries ◽

Brain Mri ◽

Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Cerebral Lesions ◽

Cerebrovascular Pathology ◽

Underlying Mechanisms

Myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) are accompanied by a high proportion of thrombotic complications, which may lead to cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Aim. To describe MRI-findings in patients with Ph - negative MPD and evaluate any cerebrovascular disease. Materials and methods. We included 104 patients with Ph - negative MPD (age varied between 20 and 58) with clinical correlates of cerebrovascular pathology. Results. Brain MRI showed post - stroke lesions in 20% of patients (7 hemispheric infarcts due to thrombotic occlusion of one of the large cerebral arteries, 14 - cortical infarcts). 37 patients (36%) had vascular cerebral lesions. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis occurred in 5 patients - in 7% (n=3) of patients with polycythemia vera and 5% (n=2) - in patients with essential thrombocythemia. The incidence of vascular cerebral lesions was associated with higher levels of the following: erythrocyte, platelet count, fibrinogen, and with the decrease in fibrinolytic activity, as well. Conclusion. The pioneering results of the study include the description and analysis of brain MRI-findings in patients with Ph - negative MPD. The underlying mechanisms of cerebrovascular pathology in these patients are associated with certain blood alterations (particularly, hemorheology) which present a major risk factor.

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Effect of Medialization of the Trochlear Groove and Lateralization of the Tibial Tubercle on TT-TG Distance: A Cross-sectional Study of Dysplastic and Nondysplastic Knees

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546520987819 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 036354652098781

Author(s):

Mathias Paiva ◽

Lars Blønd ◽

Per Hölmich ◽

Kristoffer Weisskirchner Barfod

Keyword(s):

Trochlear Dysplasia ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Magnetic Resonance Images ◽

Tibial Tubercle ◽

Control Group ◽

Trochlear Groove ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

The Mean

Background: Tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance is often used as a measure of lateralization of the TT and is important for surgical planning. Purpose: To investigate if increased TT-TG distance measured on axial magnetic resonance images is due to lateralization of the TT or medialization of the TG. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 84 knees (28 normal [NK], 28 with trochlear dysplasia [TD], and 28 with patellar dislocation without TD [PD]) were examined. The medial border of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) was chosen as the central anatomic landmark. The distance from the TT to PCL (TT-PCL) was measured to examine the lateralization of the TT. The distance from the TG to the PCL (TG-PCL) was measured to examine the medialization of the TG. Between-group differences were investigated by use of 1-way analysis of variance. Results: The mean values for TT-TG distance were 8.7 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 12.1 ± 6.0 mm for PD, and 16.7 ± 4.3 mm in the TD group ( P < .01). The mean values for TT-PCL distance were 18.5 ± 3.6 mm for NK, 18.5 ± 4.5 mm for PD, and 21.2 ± 4.2 mm in the TD group ( P = .03). The mean values for TG-PCL distance were 9.6 ± 3.0 mm for NK, 7.1 ± 3.4 mm for PD, and 5.1 ± 3.3 mm in the dysplastic group ( P < .01). Conclusion: The present results indicate that increased TT-TG distance is due to medialization of the TG and not lateralization of the TT. Knees with TD had increased TT-TG distance compared with the knees of the control group and the knees with PD. The TT-PCL distance did not differ significantly between groups, whereas the TG-PCL distance declined with increased TT-TG.

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Quantitative Analysis of Deltoid Ligament Degradation in Patients With Chronic Ankle Instability Using Computed Tomographic Images

Foot & Ankle International ◽

10.1177/1071100721997070 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 107110072199707

Author(s):

Yasunari Ikuta ◽

Tomoyuki Nakasa ◽

Junichi Sumii ◽

Akinori Nekomoto ◽

Nobuo Adachi

Keyword(s):

Ankle Instability ◽

Ct Images ◽

Chronic Ankle Instability ◽

Control Group ◽

Deltoid Ligament ◽

Anterior Talofibular Ligament ◽

Mri Findings ◽

Calcaneofibular Ligament ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Strong Negative Correlation

Background: Rotational ankle instability (RAI) is associated with the faster onset of severe ankle osteoarthritis via dysfunction of the anterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament, and deltoid ligament. No specific clinical examination is available for RAI, and diagnostic imaging has limitations in evaluating ligament degradation. This study investigated the deltoid ligament degeneration using Hounsfield unit (HU) values on computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: Patients were enrolled in this retrospective analysis if they had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT scans of the ankle. The chronic ankle instability (CAI) group comprised 20 ankles with CAI (9 men, 11 women; mean age, 28.7 years) and the control group comprised 28 ankles (16 men, 12 women, mean age, 41.3 years). The average HU values of the deep posterior tibiotalar ligament (dPTL) that constitutes the deltoid ligament were measured on coronal CT images, and MRI results were used as a reference. All patients were subdivided based on the MRI findings of dPTL injury such as fascicular disruption, irregularity, and the loss of striation. Results: A strong negative correlation was identified between age and HU values for all patients (Spearman ρ = −0.63; P < .001). The mean HU values of the dPTL for participants aged <60 years were 81.0 HU for the control group (21 ankles) and 69.5 HU for the CAI group ( P = .0075). No significant differences in the HU values were observed for the dPTL among the MRI subgroups. Conclusion: In addition to the conventional imaging examination such as stress radiographs and MRI, HU measurements of CT images could be useful for quantitatively and noninvasively evaluating degenerative changes in the deltoid ligament for CAI patients to assist the diagnosis of RAI. Level of Evidence: Level III. case-control study.

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Association between apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms and hyperlipidemia: a meta-analysis

BMC Genomic Data ◽

10.1186/s12863-021-00968-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Ning Zhao ◽

Quan Sun ◽

You-Qin Cao ◽

Xiao Ran ◽

Yu Cao

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Cerebrovascular Disease ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Ε4 Allele ◽

Different Populations ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Hyperlipidemia plays an important role in the etiology of cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Over recent years, a number of studies have explored the impact of apolipoprotein genetic polymorphisms in hyperlipidemia, but considerable differences and uncertainty have been found in their association with different populations from different regions. Results A total of 59 articles were included, containing in total 13,843 hyperlipidemia patients in the case group and 15,398 healthy controls in the control group. Meta-analysis of the data indicated that APOA5–1131 T > C, APOA1 -75 bp, APOB XbaI, and APOE gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with hyperlipidemia, with OR values of 1.996, 1.228, 1.444, and 1.710, respectively. All P-values were less than 0.05. Conclusions Meta-analysis of the data indicated that the C allele of APOA5 1131 T > C, the A allele at APOA1-75 bp, the APOB XbaI T allele, and the ε2 and ε4 allele of APOE were each a risk factor for susceptibility for hyperlipidemia.

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