Engagement in Everyday Activities among People Living in Indian Nursing Homes: The Association with Person-Centredness

Introduction: It has been reported that residents living in nursing homes are often inactive and lonely and are offered a limited number of activities. However, high engagement in activities has been reported to improve residents’ quality of life and engagement in personalized activities can even reduce agitation and enhance positive mood. Information regarding occupational patterns and purpose in life is well established in Western countries. However, we know next to nothing about how people living in Indian nursing homes spend their days. Objective: To explore the participation in everyday activities among older people in Indian nursing homes and the extent to which engagement in activities is associated with person-centred care. Methods: The study was conducted in 6 nursing homes in India, comprising 147 residents. In all, 23 nursing staff took part and completed a 26-item questionnaire about resident activities based on the Multi-Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale and the Person-Directed Care Questionnaire. Person-centredness was measured with the Person-Centred Care Assessment Tool. Results: We found low participationin everyday activities among the residents. Participation in religious activities was the most frequent, whereas the least used activities were excursions, participating in cultural activities, taking part in educational programmes, visiting a restaurant and going to the cinema. A significant positive association was foundbetween person-centred care and participation in religious activities, engagement in an activity programme and physical activity. Conclusions: The most frequently attended activity was religious activities. Person-centred care was associated with participation in religious activities, engagement in an activity programme, physical activity, spending time in the garden and playing and listening to music.

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Two-year longitudinal health-related fitness, anthropometry and body composition status amongst adolescents in Tlokwe Municipality: The PAHL Study

African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine ◽

10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.896 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Oluwatoyi O. Toriola ◽

Makama A. Monyeki ◽

Abel L. Toriola

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Physical Activity Intervention ◽

Positive Association ◽

Endurance Running ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Health Related ◽

Health Related Fitness

Aim: To evaluate a two-year longitudinal development of health-related fitness, anthropometry and body composition status amongst adolescents in Tlokwe Municipality, Potchefstroom, South Africa.Setting: A total of 283 high-school learners (111 boys and 172 girls) of ages 14 and 15 years who were part of the ongoing Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) participated in the study. For the purpose of the present study, data collected for 2011 and 2012 for anthropometric, body composition and health-related physical fitness were used.Results: Body mass index (BMI) classification of boys and girls for 2011 and 2012 showed that 24.3% of them were underweight compared with 21% in 2012. In 2011, 50% of boys and girls had normal bodyweight compared with 52% in 2012, whilst 25.5% of the total group of participants were overweight compared with 27% in 2012. Both boys and girls showed significant increases of 5.9% in body fat (BF) and 3.2 kg in body weight over two years’ measurements, respectively. Regarding health-related fitness (i.e BAH), boys showed an increase of 14.8 seconds whilst girls gained 9.6 seconds. Significant decreases were found for sit-ups in both boys and girls. A significant VO2max increase of 2.9 mL/kg/min. was found in boys over the time period. A non-significant decrease of -0.5 mL/kg/min. was observed in girls. Regression coefficients showed that changes in BMI were inversely associated with those in health-related physical fitness. The changes in percentage BF were negatively associated with standing broad jump (SBJ), bent arm hang (BAH) and VO2 max in both boys and girls. A low significant positive association was found between changes in waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and SBJ in both genders, whilst inverse low associations were found between WHtR and BAH in girls and for VO2max in both genders.Conclusion: Changes in BMI, %BF and WHtR were negatively associated with strength and running performances in the participating children. The relative increase in overweight, especially in girls, negatively affected their endurance running and static strength performances. The health implications of the observed findings are discussed and recommendations offered for physical activity intervention in school physical education (PE) programmes.

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Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Diet as Mediators of the Association Between TV Time and BMI in Youth

American Journal of Health Promotion ◽

10.1177/0890117120984943 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 089011712098494

Author(s):

Carolina M. Bejarano ◽

Jordan A. Carlson ◽

Terry L. Conway ◽

Brian E. Saelens ◽

Karen Glanz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Positive Association ◽

Parent Report ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Recall ◽

Watching Tv ◽

Activity Variables

Purpose: This study examined dietary indicators, sedentary time, and physical activity as potential mediators of the association between TV time and BMIz in youth. Design: Cross-sectional study in 2 independent samples of youth. Setting: Data collection occurred by mail and telephone for adolescents and either at home or in medical settings for children. Sample: 928 youth ages 12-16 and 756 youth ages 6-12 and a parent. Measures: TV time, snacking/eating while watching TV, and a 3-day dietary recall were assessed via child/parent report. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed by accelerometer wear. Analysis: Direct and indirect associations (through 8 diet and activity variables) of TV time with BMIz were tested in boys and girls in each sample. Results: TV time had a positive association with BMIz in 6-12 year old boys and girls. Direct associations emerged between TV time and the diet/activity variables, and between diet/activity variables and BMIz. Snacking/eating while watching TV had a significant positive association with BMIz in younger boys and mediated the association between TV time and BMIz ( β = .06, p = .019; 25% attenuation). Conclusions: Snacking/eating while watching TV may be a possible reason TV time is consistently associated with obesity in youth. Targeting reductions in TV time and associated snacking could improve health impacts.

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Association between Tobacco Consumption and Problematic Internet Use and the Practice of Physical Activity in Spanish Adolescents

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18105464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (10) ◽

pp. 5464

Author(s):

Víctor José Villanueva-Blasco ◽

José Luis García-Soidán ◽

Manuel Isorna Folgar ◽

Víctor Arufe Giráldez

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Internet Use ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Positive Association ◽

Tobacco Consumption ◽

Problematic Internet Use ◽

Physical Activity Intensity ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Activity Intensity

The practice of physical activity (PA) is a healthy habit that offers health benefits. In contrast, the lack thereof may be associated with an increase in diseases, even at an early age. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between unhealthy behaviors, such as tobacco consumption and problematic internet use, and the practice of PA in adolescents. Protective factors (physical activity and sport) and risk factors (leading a sedentary life, tobacco use, and problematic internet use) were evaluated. Other variables such as sex, the intensity of physical activity, and being a member of a sports federation were also evaluated. The sample consisted of a total of 1222 Spanish adolescents. Univariate descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression were used, and confirmatory factor analyses and structural models were also estimated. The results confirm a significant positive association between physical activity, intensity, and being a member of a sports federation, as well as between cigarette consumption and internet use. It is advisable to implement public policies that promote the practice of sports as a direct investment in health, preventing the consumption of tobacco and other habits that are harmful to the health of adolescents.

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Food Addiction Symptoms and Amygdala Response in Fasted and Fed States

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11061285 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1285 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kirrilly M. Pursey ◽

Oren Contreras-Rodriguez ◽

Clare E. Collins ◽

Peter Stanwell ◽

Tracy L. Burrows

Keyword(s):

Assessment Tool ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Positive Association ◽

Central Amygdala ◽

Food Cues ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Low Calorie ◽

Reward Seeking ◽

Food Images ◽

High Calorie

Few studies have investigated the underlying neural substrates of food addiction (FA) in humans using a recognised assessment tool. In addition, no studies have investigated subregions of the amygdala (basolateral (BLA) and central amygdala), which have been linked to reward-seeking behaviours, susceptibility to weight gain, and promoting appetitive behaviours, in the context of FA. This pilot study aimed to explore the association between FA symptoms and activation in the BLA and central amygdala via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in response to visual food cues in fasted and fed states. Females (n = 12) aged 18–35 years completed two fMRI scans (fasted and fed) while viewing high-calorie food images and low-calorie food images. Food addiction symptoms were assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Associations between FA symptoms and activation of the BLA and central amygdala were tested using bilateral masks and small-volume correction procedures in multiple regression models, controlling for BMI. Participants were 24.1 ± 2.6 years, with mean BMI of 27.4 ± 5.0 kg/m2 and FA symptom score of 4.1 ± 2.2. A significant positive association was identified between FA symptoms and higher activation of the left BLA to high-calorie versus low-calorie foods in the fasted session, but not the fed session. There were no significant associations with the central amygdala in either session. This exploratory study provides pilot data to inform future studies investigating the neural mechanisms underlying FA.

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Physical Activity and Anxiety of Chinese University Students: Mediation of Self-System

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094468 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4468

Author(s):

Sumaira Kayani ◽

Tayyaba Kiyani ◽

Saima Kayani ◽

Tony Morris ◽

Michele Biasutti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

University Students ◽

Short Form ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Positive Association ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Significant Negative Relationship ◽

Self System

The present study examined the role of self-enhancement and self-criticism in the relationship between physical activity and anxiety. A total of 305 students from Chinese universities, ranging in age from 18 to 36, completed a questionnaire package comprising a physical activity questionnaire, a self-enhancement strategies scale, a level of self-criticism scale, and a short form of state and trait anxiety scale. Findings highlighted that physical activity had a significant negative correlation with anxiety (r = −0.31, p < 0.01), a significant positive association with self-enhancement (r = 0.43, p < 0.01), and a significant negative relationship with self-criticism (r = −0.14, p < 0.05). It was also found that anxiety was significantly predicted by self-enhancement (−0.21, p < 0.01) and self-criticism (0.44, p < 0.01). Moreover, the mediation model supports the mediation of self-enhancement and self-criticism between physical activity and anxiety in university students. The findings suggest that interventions aimed at promoting physical activity and enhancing the self-system should be worthy strategies for reducing students’ anxiety.

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The Contribution of Commuting to Total Daily Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity

Journal for the Measurement of Physical Behaviour ◽

10.1123/jmpb.2019-0027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 189-196

Author(s):

Abolanle R. Gbadamosi ◽

Alexandra M. Clarke-Cornwell ◽

Paul A. Sindall ◽

Malcolm H. Granat

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mixed Mode ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Positive Association ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Use Of Self ◽

University Staff ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Commute Time ◽

Activity Diary

Background: Actively commuting to and from work can increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and increase adherence to physical activity (PA) guidelines; however, there is a lack of evidence on the contribution of mixed-mode commutes and continuous stepping bouts to PA. Many commuting studies employ the use of self-reported PA measures. This study objectively determined the contribution of MVPA during commuting to total MVPA, using cadence to define MVPA, and explored how the length of stepping bouts affects adherence to PA guidelines. Methods: Twenty-seven university staff wore an activPAL™ activity monitor for seven days and kept an activity diary. The activPAL™quantified MVPA and bouts duration and the activity diary collected information about commute times and the modes of commute. Twenty-three participants with at least four days of data were included in the final analysis. Results: The median total time per day spent in MVPA was 49.6 (IQR: 27.4–75.8) minutes and 31% of the total time was accumulated during commuting (median = 15.2 minutes; IQR: 4.11–26.9). Walking and mixed-mode commuters spent more time in MVPA (37.6 and 26.9 minutes, respectively), compared to car commuters (5.8 minutes). Seventeen out of the 23 participants achieved more than 30 minutes of MVPA per day, with five achieving this in their commute alone. A significant positive association was found between commute time spent in MVPA and total MVPA (p < .001). Conclusion: Commuting can be a major contributor to total MVPA, with the mode of commute having a significant role in the level of this contribution to total MVPA.

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Sociodemographic correlates of eating disorder subtypes among men and women in France, with a focus on age

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2018-210745 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 56-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Valentina A Andreeva ◽

Marie-Pierre Tavolacci ◽

Pilar Galan ◽

Joel Ladner ◽

Camille Buscail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Postsecondary Education ◽

Age Groups ◽

Positive Association ◽

Population Level ◽

Population Based ◽

Current Smoker ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vulnerable Period

BackgroundOn the population level, the association of age and other sociodemographic factors with eating disorders (ED) is unclear.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the French general population-based NutriNet-Santé e-cohort (n=49 603 adults; 76.3% women; mean age=50.4±14.6 years). ED were evaluated in 2014 with the 5-item SCOFF screening questionnaire and the Expali algorithmic tool. Likely cases of restrictive, bulimic, hyperphagic and other ED were the dependent variables. Age, marital status, education, occupation, physical activity and smoking were the independent variables. Associations were estimated via gender-stratified multivariable polytomous logistic regression.ResultsAmong women, age displayed inverse linear associations with both restrictive and bulimic ED, underscoring 18–25 years as the most vulnerable period (adjusted OR=3.37, 95% CI: 2.24 to 5.08 for restrictive ED; adjusted OR=2.98, 95% CI: 2.37 to 3.74 for bulimic ED, respectively). A similar association was observed in men regarding bulimic ED. In women, age was not associated with hyperphagic ED for which living alone, low education, low physical activity, being a homemaker/disabled/unemployed/retired, a manual worker or a former/current smoker had increased importance. In men, 18–39 years emerged as the least vulnerable period regarding hyperphagic ED (adjusted OR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.56 to 0.99). Across gender, having postsecondary education had significant inverse associations with all except restrictive ED, whereas being a student had a significant positive association with restrictive ED.ConclusionsThe findings support gender-specific associations of age with four ED subtypes and could inform future prevention initiatives targeting specific ED among specific age groups.Trial registration numberNCT03335644; Pre-results.

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How people fit in at work: systematic review of the association between person–organisation and person–group fit with staff outcomes in healthcare

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026266 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. e026266 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jessica Herkes ◽

Kate Churruca ◽

Louise A Ellis ◽

Chiara Pomare ◽

Jeffrey Braithwaite

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

English Language ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Positive Association ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Healthcare Settings

ObjectivesPeople interact with their work environment through being, to a greater or lesser extent, compatible with aspects of their setting. This interaction between person and environment is particularly relevant in healthcare settings where compatibility affects not only the healthcare professionals, but also potentially the patient. One way to examine this association is to investigate person–organisation (P-O) fit and person–group (P-G) fit. This systematic review aimed to identify and synthesise knowledge on both P-O fit and P-G fit in healthcare to determine their association with staff outcomes. It was hypothesised that there would be a positive relationship between fit and staff outcomes, such that the experience of compatibility and ‘fitting in’ would be associated with better staff outcomes.DesignA systematic review was conducted based on an extensive search strategy guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses to identify relevant literature.Data sourcesCINAHL Complete, EMBASE, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus.Eligibility criteriaArticles were included if they were empirical studies, published in peer-reviewed journals in English language, set in a healthcare context and addressed the association that staff outcomes have with P-O and/or P-G fit.Data extraction and synthesisIncluded texts were examined for study characteristics, fit constructs examined and types of staff outcomes assessed. The Quality Assessment Tool was used to assess risk of bias.ResultsTwenty-eight articles were included in the review. Of these, 96.4% (27/28) reported a significant, positive association between perception of fit and staff outcomes in healthcare contexts, such that a sense of compatibility had various positive implications for staff, including job satisfaction and retention.ConclusionAlthough the results, as with all systematic reviews, are prone to bias and definitional ambiguity, they are still informative. Generally, the evidence suggests an association between employees’ perceived compatibility with the workplace or organisation and a variety of staff outcomes in healthcare settings.

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Health Literacy and Physical Activity: A Systematic Review

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0161 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (12) ◽

pp. 1259-1274

Author(s):

Alessandra Buja ◽

Andrea Rabensteiner ◽

Milena Sperotto ◽

Giulia Grotto ◽

Chiara Bertoncello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Health Promotion ◽

Health Literacy ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Positive Association ◽

Current Data ◽

Noncommunicable Diseases ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

Health Promotion Interventions

Background: The importance of health literacy (HL) in health promotion is increasingly clear and acknowledged globally, especially when addressing noncommunicable diseases. This paper aimed to collect and summarize all current data from observational studies generating evidence of the association between HL and physical activity (PA) and to analyze intervention studies on the promotion of PA to ascertain whether HL moderates the efficacy of such intervention. Methods: A comprehensive systematic literature search of observational studies investigating the association between HL and PA was performed. Intervention studies on the promotion of PA that also measured the HL levels of participants and its effect on the outcome of the intervention were also identified. Results: Of the 22 studies included in this review, 18 found a significant positive association between high HL and high levels of PA. The only intervention study among them indicated that HL was not a significant moderator of the intervention’s effectiveness. Conclusion: HL can enable individuals to make deliberate choices about their PA and thus contribute to preventing many chronic noncommunicable diseases. That said, low levels of HL do not seem to influence the efficacy of health promotion interventions.

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