Gut Microbiota Diversity in Lean Athletes Is Associated with Positive Energy Balance

Introduction: In contrast to obesity, little is known about the human lean phenotype associated with gut microbiota composition. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether the bacterial composition of lean athletes with a positive energy balance differs from the equal-calorie food group. Methods: Twenty-four male participants were included in this cross-sectional study: lean athletes with a positive energy balance (LA, n 12) and control group athletes (CTRLs, n 12). Nutritional data, resting and total energy expenditure, and body composition were determined. DNA was extracted from stool samples and subjected to 16S rRNA gene analysis. Results: We found 7 differentially abundant bacterial taxa between the LA and CTRL groups. Of those, 5 were significantly less abundant and 2 were enriched in the LA group. The following categories significantly associated with the community structure were identified: body fat parameters, BMI, energy intake and expenditure, oxygen consumption, and respiratory exchange ratio. Conclusions: Although we are far from a detailed interpretation of lean human body maintenance, the primary findings of our study suggest that gut microbial composition may be a factor influencing the regulation of weight gain in lean athletes with a positive energy balance.

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The effect of breakfast on appetite regulation, energy balance and exercise performance

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665115004243 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 319-327 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

David J. Clayton ◽

Lewis J. James

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Exercise Performance ◽

Intervention Studies ◽

Precise Determination ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Energy Balance ◽

The Impact

The belief that breakfast is the most important meal of day has been derived from cross-sectional studies that have associated breakfast consumption with a lower BMI. This suggests that breakfast omission either leads to an increase in energy intake or a reduction in energy expenditure over the remainder of the day, resulting in a state of positive energy balance. However, observational studies do not imply causality. A number of intervention studies have been conducted, enabling more precise determination of breakfast manipulation on indices of energy balance. This review will examine the results from these studies in adults, attempting to identify causal links between breakfast and energy balance, as well as determining whether consumption of breakfast influences exercise performance. Despite the associations in the literature, intervention studies have generally found a reduction in total daily energy intake when breakfast is omitted from the daily meal pattern. Moreover, whilst consumption of breakfast supresses appetite during the morning, this effect appears to be transient as the first meal consumed after breakfast seems to offset appetite to a similar extent, independent of breakfast. Whether breakfast affects energy expenditure is less clear. Whilst breakfast does not seem to affect basal metabolism, breakfast omission may reduce free-living physical activity and endurance exercise performance throughout the day. In conclusion, the available research suggests breakfast omission may influence energy expenditure more strongly than energy intake. Longer term intervention studies are required to confirm this relationship, and determine the impact of these variables on weight management.

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Changes in gut microbiota composition and their associations with cortisol, melatonin and interleukin 6 in patients with chronic insomnia

Bulletin of Russian State Medical University ◽

10.24075/brsmu.2021.017 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

AA Masyutina ◽

LN Gumenyuk ◽

YuV Fatovenko ◽

LE Sorokina ◽

SS Bayramova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Taxonomic Composition ◽

Chronic Insomnia ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Cross Sectional

The relationship between the gut microbiota and chronic insomnia remains understudied. The aim of this paper was to investigate changes in the taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota and their associations with the levels of cortisol, melatonin and IL6 in patients with chronic insomnia. Our comparative prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 55 patients with chronic insomnia, who formed the main group (female patients: 58.2%, male patients: 41.8%; mean age 31.6 ± 7.4 years), and 50 healthy volunteers, who comprised the control group (females: 68.0%, males: 32.0%; mean age 33.2 ± 6.6 years). The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Plasma cortisol and IL 6 and urine melatonin were measured by means of ELISA. Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). In patients with chronic insomnia, the abundance of Faecalibacterium (p = 0.048), Prevotella 9 (p < 0.001) and Lachnospira (p = 0.036) was lower, whereas the abundance of Blautia (p = 0.012) and Eubacteriumhallii (p = 0.003) was higher than in healthy volunteers. Significant correlations were established between the levels of IL6 and the abundance of Faecalibacterium (r = –0.44; p = 0.001) and Blautia (r = 0.42; p < 0.001), as well as between cortisol concentrations and the abundance of Lachnospira (r = –0.41; p = 0.048). The abundance of Faecalibacterium and Blautiaс was correlated with higher PSQI (r = –0.47, p = 0.001; r = 0.45, p < 0.001, respectively). Our study contributed to the pool of data about changes in the gut microbiota and their associations with some endocrine and inflammation markers in patients with chronic insomnia. These data can be exploited to propose new strategies for the diagnosis and personalized treatment of insomnia aimed at normalizing the patient’s gut microbiota.

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The Impact of Cholecystectomy on the Gut Microbiota: A Case-Control Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8010079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Won Yoon ◽

Han-Na Kim ◽

Eunkyo Park ◽

Seungho Ryu ◽

Yoosoo Chang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Enterohepatic Circulation ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Comprehensive Health ◽

The Difference ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

The Impact

Cholecystectomy alters the bile flow into the intestine and the enterohepatic circulation of the bile acids; this may affect the gut microbiota. We assessed the gut microbiota composition of patients who had undergone cholecystectomy and compared with those who had not. From a cohort of 1463 adult participants who underwent comprehensive health screening examinations, 27 subjects who had undergone cholecystectomy (cholecystectomy group) and 81 age- and sex-matched subjects who had not (control group) were selected. Clinical parameters were collected and compared. Microbial composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of DNA extracted from fecal samples. We evaluated differences in the overall microbial composition and in the abundance of taxa. The two groups were comparable with respect to clinical characteristics and laboratory results. The actual number of taxa observed in a sample (observed features) was significantly lower in the cholecystectomy group than in the control group (p = 0.042). The beta diversity of Jaccard distance index was significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.027). Blautia obeum and Veillonella parvula were more abundant in the cholecystectomy group. The difference in the diversity of the gut microbiota between the cholecystectomy and control groups was subtle. However, B. obeum and V. parvula, which have azoreductase activity, were more abundant in the cholecystectomy group. The impact of such changes in the gut microbiota on health remains to be determined.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of CD301b(+) Mononuclear Phagocytes Maintain Positive Energy Balance through Secretion of Resistin-like Molecule Alpha.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.726682553.793526685 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Rick Maizels

Keyword(s):

Energy Balance ◽

Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽

Positive Energy ◽

Positive Energy Balance

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Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Life ◽

10.3390/life10110254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 254

Author(s):

Ying Wang ◽

Jianqing Zhu ◽

Jie Fang ◽

Li Shen ◽

Shuojia Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Adult Survival ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Life Stages ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Functional Inference ◽

Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽

Insect Fitness

We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.

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Ultrafine particles altered gut microbial population and metabolic profiles in a sex-specific manner in an obese mouse model

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-85784-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kundi Yang ◽

Mengyang Xu ◽

Jingyi Cao ◽

Qi Zhu ◽

Monica Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrafine Particles ◽

Microbial Population ◽

Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Control Group ◽

Obese Mouse ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Obese Mice ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractEmerging evidence has highlighted the connection between exposure to air pollution and the increased risk of obesity, metabolic syndrome, and comorbidities. Given the recent interest in studying the effects of ultrafine particle (UFP) on the health of obese individuals, this study examined the effects of gastrointestinal UFP exposure on gut microbial composition and metabolic function using an in vivo murine model of obesity in both sexes. UFPs generated from light-duty diesel engine combustion of petrodiesel (B0) and a petrodiesel/biodiesel fuel blend (80:20 v/v, B20) were administered orally. Multi-omics approaches, including liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) based targeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, semi-quantitatively compared the effects of 10-day UFP exposures on obese C57B6 mouse gut microbial population, changes in diversity and community function compared to a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) control group. Our results show that sex-specific differences in the gut microbial population in response to UFP exposure can be observed, as UFPs appear to have a differential impact on several bacterial families in males and females. Meanwhile, the alteration of seventy-five metabolites from the gut microbial metabolome varied significantly (ANOVA p < 0.05) across the PBS control, B0, and B20 groups. Multivariate analyses revealed that the fuel-type specific disruption to the microbial metabolome was observed in both sexes, with stronger disruptive effects found in females in comparison to male obese mice. Metabolic signatures of bacterial cellular oxidative stress, such as the decreased concentration of nucleotides and lipids and increased concentrations of carbohydrate, energy, and vitamin metabolites were detected. Furthermore, blood metabolites from the obese mice were differentially affected by the fuel types used to generate the UFPs (B0 vs. B20).

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Lifestyle modifications result in alterations in the gut microbiota in obese children

BMC Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s12866-020-02002-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ky Young Cho

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Obese Children ◽

Lifestyle Modifications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fat Loss ◽

Link Type ◽

Firmicutes Phylum

Abstract Background The association between the gut microbiota and pediatric obesity was analyzed in a cross-sectional study. A prospective study of obese children was conducted to assess the gut microbial alterations after a weight change. We collected fecal samples from obese children before and after a 2-month weight reduction program that consisted of individual counseling for nutritional education and physical activity, and we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Results Thirty-six participants, aged 7 to 18 years, were classified into the fat loss (n = 17) and the fat gain (n = 19) groups according to the change in total body fat (%) after the intervention. The baseline analysis of the gut microbiota in the preintervention stages showed dysbiotic features of both groups compared with those of normal-weight children. In the fat loss group, significantly decreased proportions of Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidia class, Bacteroidales order, Bacteroidaceae family, and Bacteroides genus, along with increased proportions of Firmicutes phylum, Clostridia class, and Clostridiales order, were observed after intervention. The microbial richness was significantly reduced, without a change in beta diversity in the fat loss group. The fat gain group showed significantly deceased proportions of Firmicutes phylum, Clostridia class, Clostridiales order, Lachnospiraceae family, and Eubacterium hallii group genus, without a change in diversity after the intervention. According to the functional metabolic analysis by the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States 2, the “Nitrate Reduction VI” and “Aspartate Superpathway” pathways were predicted to increase significantly in the fat loss group. The cooccurring networks of genera were constructed and showed the different microbes that drove the changes between the pre- and postintervention stages in the fat loss and fat gain groups. Conclusions This study demonstrated that lifestyle modifications can impact the composition, richness, and predicted functional profiles of the gut microbiota in obese children after weight changes. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT03812497, registration date January 23, 2019, retrospectively registered.

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Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Profiles Associated with High-Fat Diet in Mice

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11080482 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 482

Author(s):

Jae-Kwon Jo ◽

Seung-Ho Seo ◽

Seong-Eun Park ◽

Hyun-Woo Kim ◽

Eun-Ju Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Relative Abundance ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

High Fat ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Insight Into

Obesity can be caused by microbes producing metabolites; it is thus important to determine the correlation between gut microbes and metabolites. This study aimed to identify gut microbiota-metabolomic signatures that change with a high-fat diet and understand the underlying mechanisms. To investigate the profiles of the gut microbiota and metabolites that changed after a 60% fat diet for 8 weeks, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic analyses were performed. Mice belonging to the HFD group showed a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes but an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes compared to the control group. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, such as Lactococcus, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Oscillibacter, Ruminiclostridium, Harryflintia, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, and Erysipelatoclostridium, was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the control group. The increased relative abundance of Firmicutes in the HFD group was positively correlated with fecal ribose, hypoxanthine, fructose, glycolic acid, ornithine, serum inositol, tyrosine, and glycine. Metabolic pathways affected by a high fat diet on serum were involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and trypto-phan biosynthesis. This study provides insight into the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites altered by HFD and may help to understand the mechanisms underlying obesity mediated by gut microbiota.

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The Effects of Genetic Relatedness on the Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 278

Author(s):

Shen Jean Lim ◽

Miriam Aguilar-Lopez ◽

Christine Wetzel ◽

Samia V. O. Dutra ◽

Vanessa Bray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Preterm Infant ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Genetic Relatedness ◽

Bovine Milk ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Operational Taxonomic Units

The preterm infant gut microbiota is influenced by environmental, endogenous, maternal, and genetic factors. Although siblings share similar gut microbial composition, it is not known how genetic relatedness affects alpha diversity and specific taxa abundances in preterm infants. We analyzed the 16S rRNA gene content of stool samples, ≤ and >3 weeks postnatal age, and clinical data from preterm multiplets and singletons at two Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), Tampa General Hospital (TGH; FL, USA) and Carle Hospital (IL, USA). Weeks on bovine milk-based fortifier (BMF) and weight gain velocity were significant predictors of alpha diversity. Alpha diversity between siblings were significantly correlated, particularly at ≤3 weeks postnatal age and in the TGH NICU, after controlling for clinical factors. Siblings shared higher gut microbial composition similarity compared to unrelated individuals. After residualizing against clinical covariates, 30 common operational taxonomic units were correlated between siblings across time points. These belonged to the bacterial classes Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, Erysipelotrichia, and Negativicutes. Besides the influence of BMF and weight variables on the gut microbial diversity, our study identified gut microbial similarities between siblings that suggest genetic or shared maternal and environmental effects on the preterm infant gut microbiota.

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