scholarly journals Domestic Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ana Gama ◽  
Ana Rita Pedro ◽  
Maria João Leote de Carvalho ◽  
Ana Esteves Guerreiro ◽  
Vera Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
National School ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Specific Support ◽  
Shared Time

The measures implemented to combat the COVID-19 pandemic led populations to confinement at home, with increased risk of domestic violence due to extended shared time between victims and offenders. Evidence on domestic violence in times of pandemic is lacking. This study examines the occurrence of domestic violence, associated factors and help seeking during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was conducted in Portugal between April and October 2020 by NOVA National School of Public Health. The survey was disseminated through partner networks, media, and institutions working within the scope of violence. Data were collected on the experience of domestic violence, and help seeking during the pandemic. In a total of 1,062 respondents, 146 (13.7%) reported having suffered domestic violence during the pandemic, including psychological (13.0%, n = 138), sexual (1.0%, n = 11), and physical (0.9%, n = 10) abuse. Overall, the lower the age, the more the reported domestic violence. Also, a higher proportion of participants who perceived difficulties to make ends meet during the pandemic reported domestic violence. Differences between women and men and across educational levels on reported domestic violence were not statistically significant. Bivariate logistic analyses showed that, among women, reported domestic violence was more likely among those with up to secondary education compared to higher education. Most of the victims did not seek help (62.3%), the main reasons being considering it unnecessary, that help would not change anything, and feeling embarrassed about what had happened. Only 4.3% of the victims sought police help. The most common reasons for not coming forward to form a complaint were considering the abuse was not severe and believing the police would not do anything. Our findings indicate that domestic violence during the COVID-19 pandemic was experienced by both sexes and across different age groups. There is a need for investing in specific support systems for victims of domestic violence to be applied to pandemic contexts, especially targeting those in more vulnerable situations and potentially underserved.

scholarly journals Predictors of willingness to get a COVID-19 vaccine in the U.S

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget J. Kelly ◽  
Brian G. Southwell ◽  
Lauren A. McCormack ◽  
Carla M. Bann ◽  
Pia D. M. MacDonald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Implementation ◽  
Public Health Workers ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
National Probability Sample ◽  
Vaccine Distribution

Abstract Background As COVID-19 vaccine distribution efforts continue, public health workers can strategize about vaccine promotion in an effort to increase willingness among those who may be hesitant. Methods In April 2020, we surveyed a national probability sample of 2279 U.S. adults using an online panel recruited through address-based sampling. Households received a computer and internet access if needed to participate in the panel. Participants were invited via e-mail and answered online survey questions about their willingness to get a novel coronavirus vaccine when one became available. The survey was completed in English and Spanish. We report weighted percentages. Results Most respondents were willing to get the vaccine for themselves (75%) or their children (73%). Notably, Black respondents were less willing than White respondents (47% vs. 79%, p < 0.001), while Hispanic respondents were more willing than White respondents (80% vs. 75%, p < 0.003). Females were less likely than makes (72% vs. 79%, p < 0.001). Those without insurance were less willing than the insured (47% vs. 78%, p < 0.001). Willingness to vaccinate was higher for those age 65 and older than for some younger age groups (85% for those 65 and older vs. 75% for those 50–64, p < 0.017; 72% for those 35–49, p < 0.002; 70% for those 25–34, p = NS and 75% for ages 18–24, p = NS), but other groups at increased risk because of underlying medical conditions or morbid obesity were not more willing to get vaccinated than their lower risk counterparts. Conclusions Most Americans were willing to get a COVID-19 vaccine, but several vulnerable populations reported low willingness. Public health efforts should address these gaps as national implementation efforts continue.

scholarly journals Edentulism in Saudi Arabia and associated factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5614
Author(s):  
Anas Omar Haroub ◽  
Abdullah Abdu Khormi ◽  
Rawan Ahmad Yankesar ◽  
Shaden Abdullah Alhumaid ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim Aleissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
The Difference

The epidemiology of edentulism is different across the different communities and the prevalence rates are also significantly different and it can be affected by various factors. There have been many investigations that reported the prevalence rates of edentulism across the different countries globally. However, not many investigations were published in Saudi Arabia and the published ones also report different findings. In the present study, we have reviewed the current studies in the literature to investigate the prevalence of edentulism and associated factors in Saudi Arabia. Our results indicated that the reported rates were conflicting among the different reports across the Kingdom and some of these rates are lower than other rates that were reported in some countries but higher than others also. Therefore, further nationwide research was still needed to formulate better evidence and help draw adequate interventions for the most vulnerable groups. Age, gender, educational levels, regional residency, socioeconomic status, depression and diabetes have all been reported to be correlated with edentulism. The prevalence of the condition has been reported to be highest among older age groups, while evidence is contradicting about the difference between both genders. Therefore, targeting vulnerable populations with early interventions can reduce the incidence rates and enhance the quality of life among these populations.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and associated factors in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramin Heshmat ◽  
Zeinab Hemati ◽  
Mostafa Qorbani ◽  
Laleh Nabizadeh Asl ◽  
Mohammad Esmaeil Motlagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the common metabolic disorders seen in children and adolescents. This study aims to assess the rate of the MetS and its associated factors in a nationally-representative sample of Iranian pediatric age groups. Methods: This nationwide cross- sectional study was designed in 2015 in 30 provinces of Iran. Participants consisted of 4,200 school students, aged 7-18 years, studied in a national school-based surveillance program (CASPIAN-V). Physical examination and laboratory tests were performed using standard protocols. Blood samples were drawn from 3834 students for biochemical tests. Results: The participation rate for blood sampling was 91.5%. MetS was significantly more prevalent among students in urban than in rural areas (5.7% vs. 4.8%, P value < 0.01). MetS was more prevalent in students with obese parents than in those with non-obese parents (6.4% vs. 4.5%, P value < 0.05). Significant association existed between moderate level of healthy nutritional behaviors and MetS after controlling for potential confounders (odds ratio [OR]: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40-0.98). Students with high unhealthy nutritional behaviors showed an increased risk of MetS in crude (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.05-2.44) and adjusted model (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.05-2.63). Conclusion: High rate of MetS and associated risk factors was observed in Iranian pediatric age groups, with higher rates among boys. These findings provide useful information for effective preventive strategies based on diet, exercise, and lifestyle modification rather than therapeutic modalities.

scholarly journals Perceived fear of COVID-19 and its associated factors among Nepalese older adults in eastern Nepal: A cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254825
Author(s):  
Uday Narayan Yadav ◽  
Om Prakash Yadav ◽  
Devendra Raj Singh ◽  
Saruna Ghimire ◽  
Binod Rayamajhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected all age groups worldwide, but older adults have been affected greatly with an increased risk of severe illness and mortality. Nepal is struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic. The normal life of older adults, one of the vulnerable populations to COVID-19 infection, has been primarily impacted. The current evidence shows that the COVID-19 virus strains are deadly, and non-compliance to standard protocols can have serious consequences, increasing fear among older adults. This study assessed the perceived fear of COVID-19 and associated factors among older adults in eastern Nepal. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between July and September 2020 among 847 older adults (≥60 years) residing in three districts of eastern Nepal. Perceived fear of COVID-19 was measured using the seven-item Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Multivariate logistic regression identified the factors associated with COVID-19 fear. Results The mean score of the FCV-19S was 18.1 (SD = 5.2), and a sizeable proportion of older adults, ranging between 12%-34%, agreed with the seven items of the fear scale. Increasing age, Dalit ethnicity, remoteness to the health facility, and being concerned or overwhelmed with the COVID-19 were associated with greater fear of COVID-19. In contrast, preexisting health conditions were inversely associated with fear. Conclusion Greater fear of the COVID-19 among the older adults in eastern Nepal suggests that during unprecedented times such as the current pandemic, the psychological needs of older adults should be prioritized. Establishing and integrating community-level mental health support as a part of the COVID-19 preparedness and response plan might help to combat COVID-19 fear among them.

The prevalence of domestic violence among women during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayley Boxall ◽  
Anthony Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Coercive Control ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Controlling Behaviour ◽  
Forms Of Violence ◽  
A Current

This paper presents the findings from an online survey of 15,000 Australian women about their experience of domestic violence during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the three months prior to the survey, conducted in May 2020, 4.6 percent of women who responded to the survey experienced physical or sexual violence from a current or former cohabiting partner. Almost six percent (5.8%) of women experienced coercive control and 11.6 percent reported experiencing at least one form of emotionally abusive, harassing or controlling behaviour. For many women, the pandemic coincided with the onset or escalation of violence and abuse. Two-thirds of women who experienced physical or sexual violence by a current or former cohabiting partner since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic said the violence had started or escalated in the three months prior to the survey. Many women, particularly those experiencing more serious or complex forms of violence and abuse, reported safety concerns were a barrier to help-seeking.

scholarly journals Pandemic-Induced Depression and Anxiety in Healthcare Professionals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Weibelzahl ◽  
Julia Reiter ◽  
Gesa Duden
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Help Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Work Related Stressors

Medical staff has been at the centre of the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, facing diverse work-related stressors. Studies from various countries have shown that healthcare professionals have an increased risk of burnout and mental disorders during pandemic outbreaks. The present study aimed to investigate what kind of work-related stressors healthcare professionals in Germany have been facing and how they have been affected psychologically by the COVID-19 pandemic. N=300 healthcare professionals completed an online survey including the ISR symptom checklist to measure psychological well-being and questions on help-seeking behaviour. Findings were analyzed using t-tests, regression, and comparisons to large clinical and non-clinical samples assessed before and during the pandemic. Results show that healthcare professionals were most affected by protective measures at their workplace and changes in work procedures. Psychological symptoms, especially of anxiety and depression, were significantly more severe than in a non-clinical pre-pandemic sample and in the general population during the pandemic. At the same time, most professionals indicated that they would not seek help for psychological concerns. These findings indicate that healthcare employers need to pay increasing attention to the mental health of their staff, encourage help-seeking behaviour, as well as provide access to mental health support.

scholarly journals Anemia prevalence, severity and associated factors among children aged 6–71 months in rural Hunan Province, China: a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huixia Li ◽  
Juan Xiao ◽  
Minghui Liao ◽  
Guangwen Huang ◽  
Jianfei Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background In recent 10 years, with the rapid socioeconomic development and the extensive implementation of children nutrition improvement projects, the previous epidemiological data cannot reflect the actual level of anemia among children in China, especially in rural areas. Therefore, this study analyzed the prevalence, severity and associated factors of anemia among children aged 6–71 months in rural Hunan Province. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Through multistage stratified cluster sampling, 5229 children aged 6 to 71 months and their caregivers were randomly selected from 72 villages across 24 towns in 12 counties from rural Hunan. The demographic characteristics of children and their caregivers, feeding practice, nutritional status of children, caregivers’ anemia-related feeding knowledge, and gestational conditions of mothers were acquired by using a unified questionnaire. Peripheral blood from the left-hand middle fingertip was sampled from each child, and hemoglobin concentration was measured using a HemoCue301 portable hemoglobin analyzer (Sweden). Associated factors analyses involving overall anemia and anemia severities were conducted on multivariate logistic regression models. Results The overall anemia prevalence was 8.8%, and the prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia was 6.3, 2.5 and 0.1%, respectively. Children age groups of 6–11 months, 12–23 months and 36–47 months, exclusive breast-feeding within 6 months after birth, and maternal moderate/severe anemia were significantly associated with an increased risk of overall anemia in children. Children age groups of 6–11 months and 12–23 months were significantly associated with an increased risk of mild anemia in children. Children age groups of 6–11 months, 12–23 months and 36–47 months, low caregivers’ anemia-related feeding knowledge level, and maternal moderate/severe anemia were significantly associated with an increased risk of moderate/severe anemia in children. Children who underwent regular physical examination were less likely to have moderate/severe anemia. The common protective factor for overall, mild and moderate/severe anemia in children was high family income. Conclusions The anemia status of preschool children in rural Hunan Province was a mild public health problem and associated with children age group, feeding practice, regular physical examination, family income, caregivers’ anemia-related feeding knowledge level, and maternal moderate/severe anemia.

Improving outcomes: Factors influencing help-seeking behaviors in immigrants and ethnic minorities with first-episode psychosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
A. O. Berg ◽  
K. Leopold ◽  
S. Zarafonitis-Müller ◽  
M. Nerhus ◽  
L. H. Stouten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Service Use ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Pathways To Care ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
The Hague

Summary Background: Immigrants have increased risk of a poor recovery from first episode psychosis (FEP). Early treatment can improve prognosis, but having an immigrant background may influence pathways to care. Method: We present research of service use and factors influencing treatment outcome in immigrants with FEP. Service use was assessed in in-patients at an early intervention center in Berlin, Germany. Duration of untreated psychosis and beliefs about illness was assessed in a FEP study in Oslo, Norway and cognitive functioning in patients with FEP schizophrenia from the regular mental health services in The Hague, the Netherlands. The proportion of immigrants in Berlin and Oslo was at level with the local populations, while the proportion in The Hague appeared to be higher. Result: There were clear indications that mental health literacy, probably based in different cultural expectations, were lower in first generation immigrants (FGI). Findings regarding clinical insight were ambiguous. There were also indications that FGI had more cognitive problems, based in higher stress levels or in cognitive styles. Early psychosis services must take issues of immigration and ethnicity into consideration.

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