FISH Identifies Chromosome Differentiation Between Contemporary Genomes of Wild Types and the Ancestral Genome of Unisexual Clones of Dojo Loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Masamichi Kuroda ◽  
Kiko Shibata ◽  
Takafumi Fujimoto ◽  
Masaru Murakami ◽  
Etsuro Yamaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Ancestral Genome ◽  
Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Previous Conclusion ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Differentiation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

In dojo loach (<i>Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</i>), although most wild types are gonochoristic diploids that are genetically differentiated into 2 groups, A and B, clonal lineages appear in certain localities. Clonal loaches have been considered to have hybrid origins between the 2 groups by a series of genetic studies. In this study, using FISH with a newly developed probe (ManDra-A), we identified 26 (1 pair of metacentric and 12 pairs of telocentric chromosomes) of 50 diploid chromosomes in contemporary wild-type group A loach. In contrast, ManDra-A signals were not detected on metacentric chromosomes derived from the ancestral group A of clonal loach. The FISH results clearly showed the presence of certain differentiations in metacentric chromosomes between ancestral and contemporary group A loach. Two-color FISH with ManDra-A and group B-specific ManDra (renamed ManDra-B) probes reconfirmed the hybrid origin of clones by identifying chromosomes from both groups A and B in metaphases. Our results showed the hybrid origin of clonally reproducing fish and the possibility that chromosomal differentiation between ancestral and contemporary fish can affect gametogenesis. In meiotic spermatocytes of sex-reversed clones, ManDra-A, and not ManDra-B, signals were detected in 12 out of 50 bivalents. Thus, the results further support the previous conclusion that clonal gametogenesis was assured by pairing between sister chromosomes duplicated from each ancestral chromosome from group A or B. Our study deepens the knowledge about the association between clonality and hybridity in unisexual vertebrates.

EXPERT study: Randomized phase III trial of radical surgery and postoperative mFOLFOX6 versus perioperative mFOLFOX6 plus cetuximab in patients with KRAS wild-type resectable colorectal liver metastases (CLMs).

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 652-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Mise ◽  
Kiyoshi Hasegawa ◽  
Masaru Oba ◽  
Kensei Yamaguchi ◽  
Hiroyuki Uetake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Radical Surgery ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Phase Iii Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

652 Background: Up-front radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy were regarded as one of the standard-of-care (SOC) in patients with resectablecolorectal liver metastases (CLMs), while perioperative chemotherapy plus surgery is also accepted. We conducted a multicenter randomized phase III trial to compare radical surgery and post-operative mFOLFOX6 with peri-operative mFOLFOX6 plus cetuximab in patients with KRAS wild-type resectable CLMs. Methods: Patients who had KRAS wild-type resectable CLMs having one to eight liver nodules without extrahepatic disease, were randomly assigned to groups: Group A (reference), hepatectomy and 12 cycles of post-operative mFOLFOX6: Group B (experimental), six cycles of preoperative mFOLFOX6 plus cetuximab (loading dose with 400mg/m2and thereafter 250mg/m2weekly), hepatectomy and six cycles of postoperative mFOLFOX6 plus cetuximab. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). We hypothesized that 3-year PFS in Group B would be 25% with the hazard ratio (HR) being 0.75. Considering 3 year follow-up period with 5% of two-sided alpha error and 80% of power, target number were set as 500 (250 each). Study was registered in the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000007787). Results: This study was initiated since June 2012. However, the enrollment was terminated according to the recommendation from the monitoring committee on 2015 due to a slow accrual. A total of 77 patients (Group A 37 vs. Group B 40) were analyzed. Baseline characteristics were well-balanced between groups. Median numbers of liver mets were two each, ranging from one to eight. The HRs for PFS and overall survival (OS) showed no significant difference (PFS, HR = 1.18 [0.69-2.01], p = 0.54: OS, HR = 1.03 [0.46 – 2.29], p = 0.95). There were 3-year PFS of 35% in Group A vs. 30% in Group B, and 3-year OS: 86% vs. 74%, respectively. Conclusions: No additional survival benefits adding on peri-operative cetuximab were indicated, of which findings is consistent with the previous clinical studies, although there were small number of enrolled patients. Clinical trial information: UMIN000007787.

A randomized phase II multi-institutional trial of anlotinib plus docetaxel versus docetaxel in EGFR-wild-type non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients after progression on first-line platinum-base chemotherapy: ALTER-L018.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21703-e21703
Author(s):  
Lin Wu ◽  
Zhijun Wu ◽  
Zemin Xiao ◽  
Jie Weng ◽  
Zhongsha Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Nsclc ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
First Line ◽  
End Points ◽  
Phase Iii Trial ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Nsclc Patients

e21703 Background: Anlotinib is an oral VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR and c-Kit tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which can prolong both PFS and OS of refractory advanced NSCLC patients in phase III trial: ALTER0303. The combination of docetaxel and ramucirumab/nintedanib had been demonstrated activity in the second line therapy setting for NSCLC. We performed ALTER-L018 to assessed the safety and efficacy of anlotinib with docetaxel in EGFR-wild type refractory advanced NSCLC (NCT03624309). Methods: Patients (pts) with EGFR-wild type refractory advanced NSCLC, who failed to first-line platinum-based chemotherapy, were randomized to group A(anlotinib: 12mg QD from day 1 to 14 of a 21-day cycle +docetaxel: 75mg/m2 Q3W) and group B(docetaxel: 75mg/m2 Q3W). The primary end points is PFS, and secondary end points include OS, ORR, DCR and safety. Results: Between January and December 2019, 36 pts were enrolled at 10 institutions in Hunan China, with 31(15 in group A, 16 in group B) of these individuals being evaluable for treatment efficacy and safety. Pt characteristics(group A/ group B): median age: 55(39-70)/57(44-67); male: 73%/81%; non-squamous NSCLC: 86%/75%. Median PFS were 5.3 months (95%CI:2.76-7.85) in group A and 2.3 months (95%CI, 1.14-3.46) in group B (HR 0.42; 95% CI:0.16-1.13; p = 0.047); In group A and B, ORR and DCR were 26.67% versus 0%(p = 0.043), 60.00% versus 31.25%(p = 0.16), respectively. Among 31 pts, 89% of treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) were grade 1 or 2, and the most common TRAEs in group A were hand-foot syndrome, pruritus and insomnia of 13%(2/15) each; in group B were alopecia, constipation and anemia of 12%(1/16) each. Toxicities≥grade 3(TRAEs) included: neutropenia, leukopenia, diarrhea and hrombocytopenia, 6.6%(1/15) each in group A. There was 1 grade 5 AE in group A. Conclusions: This combination of anlotinib and docetaxel with significant difference PFS prolonging and manageable safety profile, is a viable option in relapsed NSCLC, should be considered following progression on platinum-based chemotherapy. It will be further explored in a randomized phase III trial. Clinical trial information: NCT03624309.

mFOLFOXIRI with or without cetuximab as conversion therapy in patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type unresectable liver metastases colorectal cancer: The FOCULM study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 99-99
Author(s):  
Huabin Hu ◽  
Kun Wang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Meng Qiu ◽  
Rongbo Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Liver Metastases ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Conversion Therapy ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Survival ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Group A ◽  
Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases ◽  
Group B

99 Background: Conversion therapy for unresectable colorectal liver metastases (LM) can downsize tumours and create a situation where the patient has no evidence of disease (NED). We assessed the effectiveness of cetuximab plus mFOLFOXIRI or mFOLFOXIRI in this setting. Methods: FOCULM was a prospective 2:1 controlled, multicenter, phase II trial. Given no free drugs offered and the patients' affordability for cetuximab, the study design has been amended from randomization to non-randomization since September, 2016. Patients with unresectable LM were assigned to receive cetuximab (500mg/m2) plus mFOLFOXIRI (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2, irinotecan 165 mg/m2, folinic acid 400 mg/m2, 5-fluorouracil 2800mg/m2 46h infusion, every 2 weeks) (group A) or mFOLFOXIRI (group B). Primary endpoint was the rate of NED achieved, secondary endpoints were ORR, resection rate, the rate of local and ablative treatment (LAT), OS, PFS and DpR. Results: From February 2014 to July 2019, 114 patients were enrolled at 6 centers in China and 101 patients were in the ITT population (67 group A, 34 group B). Treatment groups were generally well balanced, although more patients with ≥5 LM were in group A. The rate of NED achieved was 62.7% in group A and 38.2% in group B (P = 0.020). At a median follow-up of 19.4 months, patients in group A had significantly prolonged the mOS, increased ORR, the rate of LAT and DpR compared with those in group B (Table). Patients with NED achieved yielded a significant survival benefit, whether in group A (Not reached vs. 49.4 months; P = 0.001) or group B (Not reached vs. 25.1 months; P = 0.007). Conclusions: The addition of cetuximab to a mFOLFOXIRI in patients with RAS/BRAF wild-type unresectable LM colorectal cancer significantly improved the rate of NED achieved, ORR and OS. Clinical trial information: NCT02063529. [Table: see text]

The Effects of Site-Directed Mutation of SHIP Gene On the Regulating Mechanisms of PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway in Human Leukemia Cell Line K562.

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (22) ◽  
pp. 5050-5050
Author(s):  
Jianmin Luo ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Xiaojun Liu ◽  
Shupeng Wen ◽  
Jingyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
K562 Cells ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Leukemia Cells ◽  
Human Leukemia ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Directed Mutation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Abstract 5050 Introduction SHIP is an SH2 domain containing inositol-5-phosphatasse that appears to be a negative regulator of hematopoiesis. Our previous researching works have first reported that SHIP gene was genetically altered in leukemia patients and proved that mutation of SHIP gene was closely correlated with the increased phosphorylation of Akt and poor prognosis of AML patients; SHIP gene is a key regulative gene in the PI3K/Akt pathway, and transfection with wild type SHIP gene into K562 cell line can inhibit the proliferation of K562. Up to now, however, there are no any reports about what changes of the PI3K/Akt signal transduction regulation will happened if SHIP has site mutation in leukemia cells. The objectives of our study is to investigate the effects of site-directed mutation of SHIP on the expression level of the protein related to the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in leukemia cells, and to study the effects of site-directed mutation of SHIP on the key PIP3 activity related to the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in leukemia cells. Methods Based on the results of our previous studies, the absence of endogenous SHIP in K562 cells provided a useful systerm to study the role of SHIP in growth and apoptosis. The recombined lentivirus plasmids wtSHIP or muSHIPP28L were transfected stably into human leukemia cells K562. The cell proliferation, cell life cycle and cell apoptosis of K562 transfected with wid-type SHIP or muSHIPP28L were determined by MTT, fluorescent staining and flow cytometry. The expression level and difference of total Akt□Ap-Akt473 and p-Akt308 were reconfirmed by SDS-PAGE western blot. PI(3,4,5)P3 and PI(3,4)P2 was assayed by High pressure liquid chromatography. Results The decreased ability of proliferation and DNA synthesis, cell colony fomation ability and enhanced apoptosis rate were observed in K562 cells transfected with wild-type SHIP (Group A), but the same changes had not been observed in K562 cells transfected with muSHIPP28L (Group B) or empty vector (Group C). Wild-type SHIP can down-regulate phosphorylations of Akt308 and Akt473, but muSHIPP28L can't. High pressure liquid chromatography results showed that the PI3,4,5-P3 level was obviously decreased in Group A,no changes above indicate in Group B and Group C. The PI3,4P2 level in Group A was significantly higher than Group B and Group C. Conclusions The results confirmed SHIP as a negative regulator for cell proliferation in leukemia cells, and implied that it may function through its normal structure. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Virulence and Reduced Fitness of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus with the M184V Mutation in Reverse Transcriptase

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 6083-6092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen K. A. Van Rompay ◽  
Tim B. Matthews ◽  
Joanne Higgins ◽  
Don R. Canfield ◽  
Ross P. Tarara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Viral Fitness ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Infected Infant ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Initiation Of Therapy ◽  
Group B ◽  
M184v Mutation

ABSTRACT Drug-resistant mutants with a methionine-to-valine substitution at position 184 of reverse transcriptase (M184V) emerged within 5 weeks of initiation of therapy in four newborn macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac251) and treated with lamivudine (3TC) or emtricitabine [(−)-FTC] (two animals per drug). Thus, this animal model mimics the rapid emergence of M184V mutants of HIV-1 during 3TC therapy of human patients. One animal of each treatment group developed fatal immunodeficiency at 12 weeks of age, which is similar to the rapid disease course seen in most untreated SIVmac251-infected infant macaques. To further evaluate the effect of the M184V mutation on viral fitness and virulence, groups of juvenile macaques were inoculated with the molecular clone SIVmac239 with either the wild-type sequence (group A [n = 5]) or the M184V sequence (SIVmac239-184V; group B [n = 5] and group C [n = 2]). The two SIVmac239-184V-infected animals of group C did not receive any drug treatment, and in both animals the virus population reverted to predominantly wild type (184M) by 8 weeks after inoculation. The other five SIVmac239-184V-infected animals (group B) were treated with (−)-FTC to prevent reversion. Although virus levels 1 week after inoculation were lower in the SIVmac239-184V-infected macaques than in the SIVmac239-infected animals, no significant differences were observed from week 2 onwards. Two animals in each group developed AIDS and were euthanized, while all other animals were clinically stable at 46 weeks of infection. These data demonstrate that the M184V mutation in SIV conferred a slightly reduced fitness but did not affect disease outcome.

The Fate of Host and Graft Cells in Early Healing of Bone Tunnel after Tendon Graft

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1892-1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Kobayashi ◽  
Nobuyoshi Watanabe ◽  
Yasushi Oshima ◽  
Yoshiteru Kajikawa ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kawata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Tendon Graft ◽  
Bone Tunnel ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Autologous Tendon Graft

Background The behavior of host and graft cells during the healing process after autologous tendon graft has not been elucidated. Hypothesis Host cells will integrate into the bone-tendon interface and contribute to cellular repopulation of the graft. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Twelve-week-old, genetically identical, female green fluorescent protein transgenic rats (n = 20) and wild-type rats (n = 20) were used. The rats were divided into 2 experimental groups. In group A, the Achilles tendons of wild-type rats were harvested and transplanted into the transcondylar femoral bone tunnels of green fluorescent protein rats. In group B, the Achilles tendons of green fluorescent protein rats were transplanted into a transcondylar femoral bone tunnel of wild-type rats. Immediately after transplantation (time zero) and at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the transplantation, distal femoral epiphyses were harvested and cut into 14-μm serial sagittal frozen sections. The sections were examined with a confocal laser-scanning microscope to quantify green fluorescent protein-positive cell survival. Results At time zero, only host cells in group A and only graft cells in group B demonstrated green fluorescent protein signals. At 1 week in group A, many green fluorescent protein-positive cells were found in the graft. In group B, a few green fluorescent protein-positive cells were found in the graft. At 2 and 4 weeks in group A, many green fluorescent protein-positive cells were detected in the graft, but green fluorescent protein-positive cells had disappeared completely in group B. Conclusion Host cells, rather than graft cells, contribute to repair of the bone-tendon interface and the remodeling of grafts after simulated autologous tendon graft.

scholarly journals Aberrant Meiotic Configurations Cause Sterility in Clone-Origin Triploid and Inter-Group Hybrid Males of the Dojo Loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi Kuroda ◽  
Takafumi Fujimoto ◽  
Masaru Murakami ◽  
Etsuro Yamaha ◽  
Katsutoshi Arai
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Sperm Nucleus ◽  
Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Hybridization Event ◽  
Artificial Hybrid ◽  
Group B ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Diverse Groups

Gonochoristic wild-type dojo loaches (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) are diploid (2n = 50) and reproduce bisexually. However, sympatric clonal diploids generate unreduced diploid isogenic eggs that develop gynogenetically. Clone-origin triploidy arises following the incorporation of a haploid wild-type sperm nucleus into the diploid egg. Triploid females produce fertile haploid eggs by meiotic hybridogenesis, while triploid males are sterile. Clonal loaches arose from past hybridization event(s) between genetically diverse groups, A and B. Artificial hybrid females between the 2 groups produce unreduced and/or aneuploid eggs, but the hybrid males are sterile. In this study using FISH, we analyzed chromosome pairing in meiotic cells of clone-origin triploid and inter-group hybrid males to clarify the cytogenetic mechanisms underlying the male-specific sterility. We used a repetitive sequence probe to identify group B-derived chromosomes and a 5.8S + 28S rDNA probe to identify pairs of homologous chromosomes. We found that asynapsis and irregular synapsis occur in triploid and hybrid males containing 2 different genomes and that this may cause the formation of sterile germ cells. These results will help us to understand hybrid sterility from the viewpoint of synapsis behavior.

Prognostic Role of Interleukin-1β Gene and Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Polymorphisms in Patients With Advanced Gastric Cancer

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2339-2345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Graziano ◽  
Annamaria Ruzzo ◽  
Daniele Santini ◽  
Bostjan Humar ◽  
Giuseppe Tonini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Advanced Gastric Cancer ◽  
Palliative Chemotherapy ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Purpose A high interleukin-1β (IL-1B) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-RN) ratio underlies an unfavorable proinflammatory status. Also, it seems to be involved in the mechanisms of cancer cachexia and tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-1B gene (IL-1B-511C/T,IL-1B-31T/C) and a variable number of tandem repeat polymorphisms in IL-RN gene (IL-1RNlong/2) enhance the circulating levels of the two cytokines. The prognostic role of IL-1B/IL-1RN genotypes was investigated in patients with relapsed and metastatic gastric cancer treated with palliative chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Before starting palliative chemotherapy, 123 prospectively enrolled patients supplied peripheral-blood samples for DNA extraction. Survival data were analyzed according to IL-1RN/IL-1B genotypes. Results Forty-two patients showed wild-type genotypes (IL-1RNlong/long, IL-1B-511C/C, and IL-1B-31T/T; group A). Forty-five patients showed the IL-1RN2 polymorphism, with wild-type IL-1B genotypes in seven patients and with IL-1B-511C/T and/or IL-1B-31T/C polymorphisms in 38 patients (group B). The remaining 36 patients demonstrated wild-type IL-1RN, with IL-1B-511C/T and/or IL-1B-31T/C polymorphisms (group C). In group A and B patients, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 25 and 26 weeks, respectively, and median overall survival (OS) was 42 and 43 weeks, respectively. Group C patients showed worse PFS (median, 16 weeks) and OS (median, 28 weeks) than group A (P = .006 for PFS; P = .0001 for OS) and group B patients (P = .01 for PFS; P = .0001 for OS). The long/T/C haplotype was overrepresented in patients with shortened PFS (P = .001) and OS (P = .0005). Conclusion In patients with advanced gastric cancer, IL-1B polymorphisms showed adverse prognostic influence when coupled with wild-type IL-1RN genotype. These findings deserve further investigation for potential anticancer activity of recombinant IL-RN.

BRAF V600E mutation and BRAF kinase inhibitors in conjunction with stereotactic radiosurgery for intracranial melanoma metastases

2017 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Xu ◽  
Cheng-Chia Lee ◽  
Arjun Ramesh ◽  
Adam C. Mueller ◽  
David Schlesinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Local Tumor Control ◽  
Braf V600e ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Local Tumor ◽  
Mutation Status ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Impact

OBJECTIVE Recent advancements in molecular biology have identified the BRAF mutation as a common mutation in melanoma. The wide use of BRAF kinase inhibitor (BRAFi) in patients with metastatic melanoma has been established. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of BRAF mutation status and use of BRAFi in conjunction with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS This was a single-center retrospective study. Patient's charts and electronic records were reviewed for date of diagnosis of primary malignancy, BRAF mutation status, chemotherapies used, date of the diagnosis of CNS metastases, date of SRS, survival, local tumor control after SRS, and adverse events. Patients were divided into 3 groups: Group A, those with mutant BRAF without BRAFi treatment (13 patients); Group B, those with mutant BRAF with BRAFi treatment (17 patients); and Group C, those with wild-type BRAF (35 patients). Within a cohort of 65 patients with the known BRAF mutation status and treated with SRS between 2010 and 2014, 436 individual brain metastases (BMs) were identified. Kaplan-Meier methodology was then used to compare survival based on each binary parameter. RESULTS Median survival times after the diagnosis of melanoma BM and after SRS were favorable in patients with a BRAF mutation and treated with SRS in conjunction with BRAFi (Group B) compared with the patients with wild-type BRAF (Group C, 23 vs 8 months and 13 vs 5 months, respectively; p < 0.01, log-rank test). SRS provided a local tumor control rate of 89.4% in the entire cohort of patients. Furthermore, the local control rate was improved in the patients treated with SRS in conjunction with BRAFi (Group B) compared with patients with wild-type (Group C) or with BRAF mutation but no BRAFi (Group A) as an adjunct treatment for BMs. CONCLUSIONS BRAF mutation status appears to play an important role as a potent prognostic factor in patients harboring melanoma BM. BRAFi in conjunction with SRS may benefit this group of patients in terms of BM survival and SRS with an acceptable safety profile.

An ultrastructural study of sertoli cells in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Taber A. Ba-Omar ◽  
Philip F. Prentis
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Freshwater Teleost ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
The North ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Geographically Isolated

We have recently carried out a study of spermiogenic differentiation in two geographically isolated populations of Aphanius dispar (freshwater teleost), with a view to ascertaining variation at the ultrastructural level. The sampling areas were the Jebel Al Akhdar in the north (Group A) and the Dhofar region (Group B) in the south. Specimens from each group were collected, the testes removed, fixed in Karnovsky solution, post fixed in OsO, en bloc stained with uranyl acetate and then routinely processed to Agar 100 resin, semi and ultrathin sections were prepared for study.

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