The Impact of Phenylketonuria on Body Composition in Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
András Gellért Barta ◽  
Dóra Becsei ◽  
Erika Kiss ◽  
Csaba Sumánszki ◽  
Erika Simonová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Therapy Adherence ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Multifrequency Bioimpedance ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) must follow a lifelong phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet with additional amino acid supplementations, and this may put them at risk for nutritional disturbances. However, the body composition and nutritional status of adult patients with PKU has only been partially explored. The current study aims to assess the body composition of adult patients with PKU using multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (MF-BIA) and to reveal potential correlations between therapy adherence and body composition. Additionally, we compared body composition of patients with healthy controls. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Fifty adult patients with early-treated PKU (27 female and 23 male) and 40 healthy, age- and gender-matched controls were included in this single-center, cross-sectional study. MF-BIA was performed on all subjects. Additionally, we determined serum nutritional markers for all patients. In the PKU patient group, correlation analyses were performed between body composition parameters and therapy adherence. We compared body composition of patients with PKU and controls using BIA. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The proportion of overweight was 56% among all patients with PKU. Female patients with PKU had significantly higher body fat percentage compared with controls. In parallel with higher fat content, we observed lower muscle mass, protein, and mineral content among female patients with PKU compared to controls. Such findings were not observed in male patients. Female patients with PKU had decreased therapy adherence and had significantly lower prealbumin levels compared with males. There was no significant correlation observed between body composition parameters and therapy adherence over the last 10 years in the PKU patient group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Although female patients had less optimal therapy adherence over the last 10 years compared with male patients, our results suggest that this does not influence body composition fundamentally. Our results suggest that obesity is an important comorbidity in young adult patients with PKU, especially in females. We advocate that nutritional assessments and weight management should be additional objectives of PKU management to provide optimal care.

scholarly journals Effects of Iodixanol on Respiratory Functions during Coronary Angiography and the Role of Body Composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Derya Guzel ◽  
Mustafa Gokhan Vural ◽  
Ramazan Akdemir
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Significant Impairment ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Body Compositions

Purpose. The purposes of this study are to assess the acute effects of iodixanol, an iso-osmolar contrast media, on pulmonary functions and to evaluate the body composition in order to find out its role in causing this deterioration. Methods. 35 male and 25 female patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography (CA) were enrolled in the study. Before CA, all patients’ body compositions were evaluated by measuring their body mass indexes (BMIs) and waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs). Total body waters (TBWs), fat masses (FMs), fat-free masses (FFMs), and basal metabolism rates (BMRs) were measured via bioimpedance analysis. The CA was performed via radial artery route using iodixanol in every patient. The pulmonary function tests of these patients were performed before, during, and 2 hours after the CA. FEV1∆, FEF25–75%∆, and FVC∆ parameters were calculated by subtracting the measured baseline value from the measurement after the CA. Results. Angiography caused significant reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1, from 94.17 ± 18.83 to 84.45 ± 18.31, p<0.0001), forced vital capacity (FVC, from 96.57 ± 15.82 to 88.31 ± 17.96, p<0.0001), and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% (FEF25–75% from 82.54 ± 24.26 to 72.11 ± 25.41, p=0.001) and remained lower after 2 h after CA in male patients, respectively. FEV1 values were 103.40 ± 17.79 to 94.96 ± 17.063 (p=0.004); FVC values were 107.20 ± 19.03 to 99.08 ± 20.56 (p=0.009); and FEF25–75% values were 83.92 ± 24.30 to 73.24 ± 20.45 (p=0.005) before and after CA and remained lower after 2 h after CA in female patients, respectively. FEV1/FVC ratio remained unchanged. FEF25–75%∆ was statistically correlated with FFM, TBW, and WHR (p<0.05; r=−0.344, r=−0.347, and r=0.357, resp.), and FVC∆ was correlated with WHR in male patients (p=0.018, r=397). Conclusions. Our data suggested that diagnostic CA using iodixanol, an iso-osmolar contrast media, leads significant impairment in respiratory functions. Due to the persistence of these reductions even 2 hours after CA, ventilatory functions should be considered especially in patients whose body compositions or hydration levels are not within the desired physiological range.

scholarly journals Diagnosis, Manifestations, Laboratory Investigations, and Prognosis in Pediatric and Adult Cushing’s Disease in a Large Center in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqing Zheng ◽  
He Wang ◽  
Wentai Zhang ◽  
Shanshan Feng ◽  
Yifan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Cushing’S Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Cushing's Disease ◽  
Systematic Comparison ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Impact

PurposeCushing’s disease (CD) is a rare disease that contributes to 70–80% hypercortisolemia, which presents similarities and differences between pediatric and adult patients, and even between male and female patients. However, the comparative study of CD between different age groups and different genders is still insufficient. The aim of the study is to make a systematic comparison to reveal the gender differences in children and adult patients of CD, helping clinicians to provide optimal treatment for different groups of patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective research consisting of 30 pediatric and 392 adult CD patients in a single center in Peking Union Medical College Hospital. All 422 patients showed symptoms related to hypercortisolism and received adenoma excision surgery in the department of neurosurgery between 2014 and 2020.ResultsFor the accuracy of diagnosis, the sensitivity of BIPSS at baseline in pediatric patients was lower than in adults (75 vs. 91%, P = 0.054) but increased greatly after desmopressin stimulation (94 vs. 95%). However, the accuracy of lateralization for BIPSS was not preferred for prediction. As for clinical manifestations, growth retardation, weight gain, hirsutism, and acne were more prevalent for children, while for adults, hypertension, osteopenia, glucometabolic disorder, easy bruising, hair loss, and weight loss were more frequently seen. As previously reported, we observed a significant difference between the male prevalence of pediatric and adult patients (50 vs. 17%, P &lt; 0.001), which was possibly caused by the more severe and earlier onset of a series of symptoms. Gender-related comparison showed greater morbidity of nephrolithiasis, hypokalemia, hypertension, easy bruising, osteopenia, and striae for male patients, while irregular menses, hirsutism, and hair loss were more common for female patients. Further analysis showed that the secretory activity of the PA axis was higher for males, presenting as the more remarkable alteration of laboratory parameters and contributing to the more severe clinical manifestations. For patients treated with transsphenoidal pituitary surgery (TSS), the immediate prognosis could be predicted by operation history, invasiveness, Ki-67, and information provided by MRI, including tumor size and Knosp grading. However, we still lack methods to predict long-term prognosis.ConclusionsOur study is the first detailed and systematic comparison between pediatric and adult CD patients. Further exploration of the impact of CD on different genders reveals a more severe and probably an earlier-onset pattern of CD for male patients.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of a Multi-Strain Probiotic on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Long-Distance Runners

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka ◽  
Lucyna Ostrowska ◽  
Joanna Leszczyńska ◽  
Karolina Orywal ◽  
Urszula Cwalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Use of probiotic supplements, the benefits of which have not been proven in sportspeople, is becoming more widespread among runners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in the body. The randomised, double-blind study included 66 long-distance runners. The intervention factor was a multi-strain probiotic or placebo. At the initial and final stages of the study, evaluation of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness was performed and the presence of inflammation determined. In the group of men using the probiotic, an increase in lean body mass (p = 0.019) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.022) was demonstrated, while in the group of women taking the probiotic, a decrease in the content of total body fat (p = 0.600) and visceral fat (p = 0.247) was observed. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased in women (p = 0.140) and men (p = 0.017) using the probiotic. Concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha decreased in women (p = 0.003) and men (p = 0.001) using the probiotic and in women (p = 0.074) and men (p = 0.016) using the placebo. Probiotic therapy had a positive effect on selected parameters of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of study participants and showed a tendency to reduce inflammation.

Body Composition Modifications Due to the “Search, Rescue and Survival Training” in Male Military Firefighter Cadets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Ramos de Barros ◽  
Verônica Pinto Salerno ◽  
Thalita Ponce ◽  
Míriam Raquel Meira Mainenti
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Sleep Restriction ◽  
Fat Percentage

ABSTRACT Introduction To train and prepare cadets for a career as firefighters in Rio de Janeiro, the second-year students of the Officers Training Course are submitted to a Search, Rescue, and Survival Training (SRST) course, which is characterized by long periods of high physical exertion and sleep restriction during a 9-day instruction module, and food restriction during a 7-day survival module. The present study investigated changes in the body composition of 39 male cadets submitted to SRST during training and 4 weeks of recovery with no restrictions in food consumption. Materials and Methods Each cadet was evaluated by anthropometric measurements at six time points: pre-SRST; after the first module; after the second module; and after 1, 2, and 4 weeks of recovery. Measurements included body girths and skinfolds, to estimate trunk (chest and waist) and limbs (arm and thigh) dimensions, as well as body composition. Repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were applied (depending on each data distribution). Results Statistically significant decreases in body weight (76.2; 69.8-87.2 to 63.9; 58.9-73.5 kg) and fat free mass (FFM, 69.2; 63.7-77.2 to 60.1; 56.2-68.0 kg) were observed following the second module of SRST. Following a single week of recovery, the FFM returned to pre-SRST values. Body weight returned to pre-training levels in 2 weeks. Body fat percentage and mass also significantly decreased during SRST (9.0; 7.7-12.3 to 6.5; 5.1-9.3% and 6.9; 5.6-10.0 to 6.9; 5.6-10.0 kg, respectively), which showed a slower and more gradual recovery that reached pre-SRST values after 4 weeks. The girths of arm, thigh, chest and waist significantly decreased due to SRST. The girths of the limbs (arm and thigh) returned to pre-training values after one month of recovery, while the girths of the trunk (chest and waist) did not return to pre-SRST values during the study period. Conclusions The findings suggest that men who experience periods of high energy demands and sleep restriction followed by a period of food restriction will endure unavoidable physical consequences that can be mostly reversed by a 1-month recovery.

scholarly journals Differences in anthropometric characteristics between young soccer players (U19) members of the best soccer clubs in Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
J. Gardasevic ◽  
D. Bjelica ◽  
I. Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Post Hoc

Background and Study Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the differences between the young soccer players (U19) in terms of anthropometric characteristics and body composition. We considered players of three the most successful clubs in three countries of the southern region of the Balkan Peninsula. Material and Methods: The first sub-sample of the subjects was consisted of 17 players of OFC Titograd from Montenegro of the average age 17.12±.69. The second sub-sample was consisted of 14 players of FC Siroki Brijeg from Bosnia and Herzegovina of the average age of 18.14±.86. The last sub-sample of the examinees was consisted of 15 players of FC Feronikeli from Kosovo of the average age 18.07±.46. Anthropometric characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables. The significance of the differences between the young soccer players in the anthropometric characteristics and variables for assessing body composition were determined by ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc test. Results: The young soccer players of the three mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences by the two variables that estimate the upper leg skinfold and fat percentage. The young soccer players of OFC Titograd are significantly better in variable upper leg skinfold than other players. The young soccer players of FC Feronikeli are significantly better in variable fat percentage than players of OFC Titograd. Conclusions: The results can be useful for coaches of other clubs for making a comparison of their soccer players with the young soccer players in this research.

scholarly journals Body Composition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Before and After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Longitudinal Prospective Study in a Rural Village Struck by the Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215013272110477
Author(s):  
Oscar H. Del Brutto ◽  
Robertino M. Mera ◽  
Denisse A. Rumbea ◽  
Pedro Pérez ◽  
Bettsy Y. Recalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Information on the body composition of inhabitants of remote communities during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is limited. Using a longitudinal population-based study design, we assessed the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in body composition. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults living in a rural Ecuadorian village received body composition determinations before and 1 year after the pandemic as well as serological tests for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The independent association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and abnormalities in body composition at follow-up was assessed by fitting linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Results: Of 327 enrolled individuals, 277 (85%) received baseline and follow-up body composition determinations, and 175 (63%) of them became SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. Overall, diet and physical activity deteriorated during the follow-up. Multivariate random-effects generalized least squares regression models that included the impact of time and seropositivity on follow-up body composition, showed that neither variable contributed to a worsening in body composition. Multivariate logistic regression models disclosed that the serological status at follow-up cannot be predicted by differences in body composition and other baseline covariates. Conclusions: Study results suggest no increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection among older adults with abnormal body composition and no significant changes as a result of worse physical activity and dietary habits or seropositivity during the length of the study. Together with a previous study in the same population that showed decrease in hand-grip strength after SARS-CoV-2, results confirm that dynapenia (and not sarcopenia) is associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in older adults.

Ultrasound Measurements of Subcutaneous Fat Thickness Are Robust Against Hydration Changes

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dale R. Wagner ◽  
James D. Cotter
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
The Impact

Ultrasound is an appealing tool to assess body composition, combining the portability of a field method with the accuracy of a laboratory method. However, unlike other body composition methods, the effect of hydration status on validity is unknown. This study evaluated the impact of acute hydration changes on ultrasound measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness and estimates of body fat percentage. In a crossover design, 11 adults (27.1 ± 10.5 years) completed dehydration and hyperhydration trials to alter body mass by approximately ±2%. Dehydration was achieved via humid heat (40 °C, 60% relative humidity) with exercise, whereas hyperhydration was via ingestion of lightly salted water. Ultrasound measurements were taken at 11 body sites before and after each treatment. Participants lost 1.56 ± 0.58 kg (−2.0 ± 0.6%) during the dehydration trial and gained 0.90 ± 0.21 kg (1.2 ± 0.2%) during the hyperhydration trial even after urination. The sum of fat thicknesses as measured by ultrasound differed by <0.90 mm across trials (p = .588), and ultrasound estimates of body fat percentage differed by <0.5% body fat. Ultrasound measures of subcutaneous adipose tissue were unaffected by acute changes in hydration status by extents beyond which are rare and overtly self-correcting, suggesting that this method provides reliable and robust body composition results even when subjects are not euhydrated.

P1185LUNG COMETS AND EVALUATION OF HYDRATION STATUS IN PERITONEAL DIALYSIS PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Ekart ◽  
Lucijan Lucic Srajer ◽  
Katharina Marko ◽  
Nina Hojs ◽  
Sebastjan Bevc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fluid Distribution ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fluid Status ◽  
Multifrequency Bioimpedance ◽  
Dialysis Vintage

Abstract Background and Aims Assessment of optimal hydration status in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a challenge. Multiple diagnostic options to determine hydration status in PD patients are available. Multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy (MBIS) is a cheap, simple and non-invasive method of estimating body composition, including estimates of total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW) and the ratio between both spaces (ECW/ICW). Lung ultrasonography (LUS) and lung B-lines (lung comets) can be used for the evaluation of extravascular lung water. Ultrasound evaluation of inferior vena cava (UIVC) provides rapid, non-invasive assessment of a patient's hemodynamic and volume status. N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is related to fluid status and fluid distribution. The aim of our study was to assess fluid status in PD patients comparing four different methods: MBIS, LUS, UIVC and NT-proBNP. Method We performed a single-centre cohort study in 19 PD patients. The body composition was measured using the portable whole-body MBIS device, Body Composition Monitor-BCM(®) (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany), LUS with portable US device (VScan, General Electrics Corporate), UIVC index with SonoSite US device. NT-proBNP was measured in a one-step sandwich chemiluminescent immunoassay (Dimension Vista® System 1500, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc., Newark, NJ, USA). Results The mean age of patients was 54 ± 10 years, mean dialysis vintage 53 (10-194) months, 63% were men. Thirteen (68.4%) patients had fluid overload (FO) &gt; 1.1 L. Data of patients are presented in table 1. We found a statistically significant correlation between the number of lung comets and ECW/ICW ratio (r = 0.496, P = 0.031) and NT-proBNP (r = 0.759, P &lt; 0.0001). In contrast, there was no significant correlation between the number of lung comets and UIVC (r = 0.221, P &lt; 0.364). Conclusion According to our results, LUS with lung comets, MBIS with ECW/ICW ratio and NT-proBNP are useful and complementary methods for evaluation of fluid status in PD patients.

scholarly journals Relationships between motor performance and body composition of school adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Giliard Mores ◽  
Alexandre De Souza Nunes ◽  
Renan José De Moura Batista ◽  
Luiz Felipe Petusk Corona ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Habitante
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Many Body Systems ◽  
Improve Health

Introduction: Motor coordination is a result of interactions between many body systems, producing accurate and balanced kinetic actions. The evaluation of motor performance levels in children and teenagers may conserve and improve health and life qualities. Body composition may interfere considerably in motor coordination, particularly in overweight and obese conditions. Objective: To analyse the relationships between motor performance and body composition in children. Methods: Motor coordination was evaluated through the Körperkoordinations test für Kinder (KTK test), considering the motor quotient (MQ) and body composition using the body fat percentage (BF%) and body mass index (BMI). Results: BMI (38% and 36%) and BF% (28% and 22%), from boys and girls respectively, demonstrated that body composition is above the recommended. Girls presented MQ values lower than those observed in boys (p < 0.001). The groups with BFPs below the recommended value showed higher values of MQ than the normal group (p<0.05) and than children above the recommended ideal (p < 0.05). A reverse correlation was observed between MQ with BF% (r = -0.432) or BMI (r = -0.254). Conclusion: There are relationships between body composition and motor coordination in teenagers between 11 and 14 years old, related or not to gender and age.  

scholarly journals Alteration of body composition in rats: Effect of organic chromium and L-carnitine

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fekete ◽  
I. Szakáll ◽  
Emma Kósa ◽  
Emese Andrásofszky ◽  
Kinga Fodor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Protein Supply

A growth trial was carried out to test the effect of organic, trivalent chromium and L-carnitine on the body composition of growing rats. At the same time, an evaluation of different measurement methods (weight of epididymal fat pad, adipocyte morphometry, total body electrical conductivity) was performed. Outbred Wistar rats of 30 days of age were fed diets of different (0, 10 and 20%) protein level. The diets were supplemented with 4 mg/kg Cr as chromium nicotinate, and 100 mg/kg L-carnitine. The experimental feeding lasted 15 days, after a 5-day-long adjustment period. It was found that Cr addition increased feed intake. Both treatments caused changes in body composition, increasing fat and protein deposition. Organic chromium had no effect at either protein level, while L-carnitine improved the protein retention only at an optimum (20%) protein supply. No statistically significant correlation was found between total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) and body composition, which could be attributed to the great individual differences. A close correlation was found among total body fat percentage, weight of epididymal fat pad and the adipocyte surface. The data suggest that there is an interaction between dietary protein supply and the effect of repartitioning agents.

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