Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease in China: a multicenter population-based survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengyu Song ◽  
Shuai Liu ◽  
xiyu li ◽  
Meilin Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Behavior

ABSTRACT Objective: Few data are available on the current prevalence of Parkinson's disease in China. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in Chinese individuals aged 65 years and older and to analyze associated risk factors. Methods: We performed a population-based cross-sectional survey with a multistage cluster sampling design. Residents aged 65 and over were drawn from 11 urban districts and 10 rural counties across China. Data were entered into spreadsheets, and imported and analyzed using Statistical Package SPSS 24. Results: We identified 151 patients with Parkinson's disease among 8124 residents aged 65 and over, including 75 men (49.67%) and 76 women (50.33%). The overall prevalence of PD in the study population was 1.86% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6%–2.2%), and the standardized prevalence of PD was 1.60%. The crude prevalence in men (2.12%) was higher than in women (1.66%), and standardized prevalence in urban areas (1.98%) was higher than in rural areas (1.48%). Logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for PD were older age, heavy metal or pesticide exposure (odds ratio [OR]=3.83; 95% CI: 2.021–7.256), urban residence (OR=1.307; 95% CI: 1.041–1.642), rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (OR=1.450; 95% CI: 1.021–2.059), and heart disease (OR=2.431; 95% CI: 1.481–4.990). Conclusion：The prevalence of Parkinson's disease in individuals aged 65 and older in China has not increased significantly in recent years. The prevalence of Parkinson's disease is higher in men than in women and higher in urban areas than in rural areas.

Status and disparities of diabetes among urban and rural residents aged 40 years and older: insight from a population-based study in northeast China, 2017–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-213755
Author(s):  
Liying Xing ◽  
Yuanmeng Tian ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Min Lin ◽  
Zhi Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Prevalence

ObjectivesTo evaluate the up-to-date epidemiology of diabetes in northeast China.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2017 and March 2019 using a multistage, stratified and cluster random sampling method. 18 796 participants (28.9% urban and 71.1% rural) aged ≥40 years were enrolled. Diabetes and pre-diabetes were diagnosed according to the history, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels.ResultsThe prevalence of diabetes was 17.1%, higher in urban than in rural residents (20.2% vs 15.8%, p<0.001). Meanwhile, the prevalence of pre-diabetes was 44.3%, higher in rural than in urban areas (49.4% vs 31.8%, p<0.001). The overall FPG and HbA1c were 6.10±1.94 mmol/L and 5.59%±1.08%. The FPG level was higher in rural area than in urban areas (6.15±1.83 mmol/L vs 5.97±2.18 mmol/L, p<0.001). Among participants with diabetes, 47.5% were aware of their diabetes condition; 39.5% were taking antidiabetic medications and 36.8% of people had their diabetes controlled. The awareness and treatment rates in rural areas were lower than those in urban areas (47.3% vs 57.5%, 34.4% vs 49.5%, p<0.001). Patients with diabetic, especially those in rural areas, tended to have multiple risk factors including hypertension (71.7%), overweight or obesity (69.6%) and dyslipidaemia (52.8%).ConclusionA considerable burden of diabetes was observed in northeast China, with high percentage of untreated diabetes, high prevalence of pre-diabetes, high overall FPG level and multiple uncontrolled risk factors in patients with diabetics. Therefore, region-specific strategies on prevention and management of diabetes should be emphasised.

scholarly journals Assessment of immunization Status of Children between 12-23 months in Bareilly District

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari S Joshi ◽  
Rakesh Gupta ◽  
Arun Singh ◽  
Vipul Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Rural And Urban

Objectives: To assess the immunization status of children in the age group 12-23 months and to know the reasons for non-immunization of children. Method: -  A cross-sectional survey was conducted using WHO’s thirty cluster sampling technique in rural and urban areas of Bareilly district from August 2008 to January 2009. Rural areas were divided into blocks and blocks were divided into villages. Urban areas were divided into wards. Villages and wards were taken as clusters. During the house-to-house survey, a total of 240 children of age 12-23 months were included in the present study. Result:  only around 50% of children were fully immunized while 27.5% were partially and 22.5 % were not immunized at all. Immunization coverage was highest for BCG (62.5%) and lowest for measles (39.2%). Dropout rates were 37.3%, 19.7% and 18.2% for BCG to measles, DPT1 to DPT3 and OPV1 to OPV3 respectively. Vitamin A prophylaxis showed a decline from 38.3 % to 16.7%. Amongst the various reasons for not immunizing the child, the most common in both rural (78.7%) and urban areas (28.6%) was lack of awareness for the need of vaccination. However in rural areas lack of availability of services (87.2%) was the major cause for not immunizing the child. Conclusion: The present study shows a low coverage of immunization and Vitamin A prophylaxis in both rural and urban areas. Important reasons for non-immunization were lack of awareness about vaccination and availability of immunization services in rural areas and urban areas.Key Words: Immunization coverage; Children between 12-23 months; Vitamin A Prophylaxis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v1i2.5091 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2011;1 (2):47-50

scholarly journals Assessment of Parkinson’s Disease symptoms and toxin exposures in firefighters: a cross-sectional survey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshni Kotwani ◽  
Andrea N. Clapp ◽  
Haley E. Huggins ◽  
Oceanis Vaou ◽  
Anna DePold Hohler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Toxin Exposure

Abstract BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been correlated with several environmental and toxic exposures. The frequency of PD in firefighters is higher than the general population, which may be due to the high amounts of toxin exposures firefighters experience on the job. There is a need to further address the high rates of PD among this subgroup. The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of the relationship between toxin exposure in firefighters and Parkinson’s Disease symptoms. METHODS: An anonymous survey distributed to Massachusetts firefighters assessed risk factors for toxin exposure and presence of PD symptoms. Risk factors included frequency and duration of time spent firefighting, number of fires worked, and history of toxin exposure (i.e., pesticides). We collected the frequency of PD symptoms including tremors, muscle stiffness, REM behavior disorder, hyposmia, micrographia, and decreased walking pace. Analyses comparing toxin exposure and presence of PD symptoms were performed using Chi-square testing, p < 0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: Two hundred participants were included in the study. The number of years as a firefighter, the number of days per week working, and the number of fires worked correlated with higher reports of hyposmia, micrographia, and decreased walking pace.CONCLUSION: Firefighters have an increased risk for PD symptoms as a result of the toxin exposures that are frequently present in fires.

Prevalence and socio-cultural determinants of domestic violence among married women in Thimphu, Bhutan

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kencho Wangmo
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Adolescent Women

Introduction: Domestic violence is a public health problem all over the world, yet its prevalence is under-reported in a pervasive “culture of silence”. Bhutan is not likely to be an exception; however, data on the prevalence, forms and determinants of domestic violence are scant. The purpose of this study is to measure the prevalence and characterize factors associated with domestic violence among women in Thimphu, Bhutan’s capital. Methods: A population-based, household cross-sectional survey was conducted in January-May, 2012. A multistage sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample of 300 married women. The chi-square test was used to identify factors associated with increased likelihood of experiencing the four forms of domestic violence. Results: The overall prevalence of any domestic violence was 44%. By type of violence, the most common was emotional (36%), followed by control (30%), physical (20%) and sexual (14%). Sexual violence was reported more often by young adolescent women. Women from urban areas reported more emotional violence compared to women from rural areas. Women agreed with many situations in which force might be used by their husbands and with many of the traditional roles of women in society. Nonetheless, many women objected to the use of force in many situations and rejected certain constraining roles of women. Conclusions: This study supports the importance of advocacy for education and programs to prevent and mitigate harm from domestic abuse experienced by women in Bhutan.

Mortality of Stroke and Its Subtypes in China: Results from a Nationwide Population-Based Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghong Chen ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Xiaojuan Ru ◽  
Haixin Sun ◽  
Dongling Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Survey

Background: In China, stroke is the leading cause of death and contributes to a heavy disease burden. However, a nationwide population-based survey of the mortality of stroke and its subtypes is lacking for this country. Methods: Data derived from the National Epidemiological Survey of Stroke in China, which was a multistage, stratified clustering sampling-designed, cross-sectional survey, were analyzed. Mortality rate analyses were performed for 476,156 participants ≥20 years old from September 1, 2012 to August 31, 2013. Results: Of the 476,156 participants in the investigated population, 364 died of ischemic stroke, 373 of hemorrhagic stroke, and 21 of stroke of undetermined pathological type. The age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 person-years among those aged ≥20 years were 114.8 for total stroke, 56.5 for ischemic stroke, and 55.8 for hemorrhagic stroke. The age-standardized mortality rates of total stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke were all higher in rural areas than those in urban areas. The stroke mortality rate was higher in the northern regions than in the south. An estimated 1.12 million people aged ≥20 years in China died of stroke during the period from September 1, 2012 to August 31, 2013. Conclusions: The burden of stroke in China is still heavy. Greater attention should be paid to improve strategies for preventing stroke.

scholarly journals Delivery and postpartum care in Rio Branco in the northern state of Acre, Brazil: a population based survey

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Andréa Ramos da Silva Bessa ◽  
Leila Maria Geromel Dotto ◽  
Margarida De Aquino Cunha ◽  
Pascoal Torres Muniz ◽  
Suelen De Oliveira Cavalcante
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Pregnancy can be associated with health risks for both the mother and infant, and specialised care during the pregnancy, delivery and puerperium periods can help reduce complications for the mother-infant binomial. Objective: To assess the demographic, social and reproductive aspects of delivery and the postpartum period in Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted via an interview with 552 mothers with children aged 0 to 5 years between 2007 and 2008. Cluster sampling of the population was performed in two stages (census sectors and domiciles). Results: The majority of the 552 mothers were multiparous (79.6%). Around 70% of pregnancies occurred in teenage mothers. The proportion of caesarean section deliveries was 38.4% in mothers from urban zones and 28.5% in those from rural areas, and was higher in mothers who attended private clinics, who self-reported as being Caucasian, and who had a higher educational level. With regard to puerperal complications, mothers who underwent caesarean section had a higher prevalence of hypertension (71.1%) with an adjusted prevalence ratio of 3.90 (95% CI [2.00, 7.61]). Conclusions: The results revealed a high rate of teenage pregnancy, and arterial hypertension was the leading complication during the postpartum period experienced by women who had undergone caesarean section. These findings merit further attention, and should be used to improve the care provided to Rio Branco.  

scholarly journals Acute food insecurity and short-term coping strategies of urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic of 2020: report of a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e043365
Author(s):  
Subhasish Das ◽  
Md. Golam Rasul ◽  
Md Shabab Hossain ◽  
Ar-Rafi Khan ◽  
Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Insecure Households

IntroductionWe conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the extent and to identify the determinants of food insecurity and coping strategies in urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the month-long, COVID-19 lockdown period.SettingSelected urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.Participants106 urban and 106 rural households.Outcome variables and methodHousehold food insecurity status and the types of coping strategies were the outcome variables for the analyses. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were done to identify the determinants.ResultsWe found that around 90% of the households were suffering from different grades of food insecurity. Severe food insecurity was higher in urban (42%) than rural (15%) households. The rural households with mild/moderate food insecurity adopted either financial (27%) or both financial and food compromised (32%) coping strategies, but 61% of urban mild/moderate food insecure households applied both forms of coping strategies. Similarly, nearly 90% of severely food insecure households implemented both types of coping strategies. Living in poorest households was significantly associated (p value <0.05) with mild/moderate (regression coefficient, β: 15.13, 95% CI 14.43 to 15.82), and severe food insecurity (β: 16.28, 95% CI 15.58 to 16.97). The statistically significant (p <0.05) determinants of both food compromised and financial coping strategies were living in urban areas (β: 1.8, 95% CI 0.44 to 3.09), living in poorest (β: 2.7, 95% CI 1 to 4.45), poorer (β: 2.6, 95% CI 0.75 to 4.4) and even in the richer (β: 1.6, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.9) households and age of the respondent (β: 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.21).ConclusionBoth urban and rural households suffered from moderate to severe food insecurity during the month-long lockdown period in Bangladesh. But, poorest, poorer and even the richer households adopted different coping strategies that might result in long-term economic and nutritional consequences.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Pain between Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Atrophy: A Clinical Cross-Sectional Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
He-Yang You ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Hai-Ting Yang ◽  
Chen Yang ◽  
Xiao-Ling Ding
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Rating ◽  
Vas Scores

Background. Pain is frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinson-plus syndrome. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, characteristics, therapy (especially the effect of dopaminergic therapy), and associated symptoms of pain in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients. Methods. Seventy-one PD patients, sixty-five MSA patients, and forty age-matched healthy controls were enrolled and evaluated by using the German pain questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS). In addition, the influence of pain in PD patients on anxiety, depression, and the quality of life was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). Results. Compared to that of the healthy controls, the PD and MSA patients had a significantly higher presence of pain (P<0.01, P<0.01). PD patients had a higher presence of pain than MSA patients (P=0.007). No difference in VAS scores was observed between the PD and MSA patients (P=0.148). A total of 21 PD patients (42.85%) with pain and 13 MSA patients (43.33%) with pain received treatment. A total of 13 PD patients with pain and 6 MSA patients with pain had an improved pain intensity after using dopaminergic medication. The differences in the disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stages, and scores on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor score, HAD-D, HAD-A, and PDQ-39 were significant between the PD patients with and without pain. Conclusion. PD and MSA patients are prone to pain with insufficient treatment. Pain interventions should be provided as soon as possible to improve the patient’s life.

scholarly journals Career Intentions and Dropout Causes Among Medical Students in Kazakhstan

Medicina ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Kamila Faizullina ◽  
Galina Kausova ◽  
Zhanna Kalmataeva ◽  
Ardak Nurbakyt ◽  
Saule Buzdaeva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Resources For Health ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Survey Tool

Background and Objective. The number of new entrants to higher medical schools of Kazakhstan increased by 1.6 times from 2007 to 2012. However, it is not known how it will affect the shortage of human resources for health. Additionally, human resources for health in rural areas of Kazakhstan are 4 times scarcer than in urban areas. The aim of the present study was to investigate the intentions of students toward their professional future and readiness to work in rural areas, as well as to determine the causes for dropping out from medical schools. Material and Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2 medical universities in Almaty during the academic year 2011–2012. The study sample included medical students and interns. In total, 2388 students participated in the survey. The survey tool was an anonymous questionnaire. Results. The students of the first years of studies compared with those of later years of studies were more optimistic about the profession and had more intentions to work in the medical field. Only 8% of the students reported a wish to work in rural localities. On the other hand, 4% of the students did not plan to pursue the profession. On the average, every third medical student dropped out on his/her own request. Conclusions. Associations between intentions to work according to the profession and the year of studies, faculty, and residence area before enrolling in a medical school were documented. The majority of the students who came from rural areas preferred to stay and look for work in a city, which might contribute to an unequal distribution of physicians across the country.

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