scholarly journals Ten Famous Composers of the Romantic Era and their Cause of Death

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernest K.J. Pauwels
Keyword(s):  
Medical Research ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Expression Of Emotion ◽  
The World ◽  
Romantic Era ◽  
Clinically Significant

The musical composers in the Romantic Era (1800-1910) strived for compositions that expressed human life, including happiness, harmony and despair. They lived in a period in which freedom of thinking, expression of emotion and inspiration by nature predominate. During this period, intensive trading with other parts of the world brought new microorganisms along, which made infections and epidemics very common. This article serves to address the cause of death and relevant biographic data of a number of well- known Romantic composers. Primarily, this review refers to clinically significant findings using reports that were retrieved from Pubmed, Embase and Google over the 19th, 20th and 21st century till 14th June 2021. Here, this text dwells on diseases and the cause of death of ten composers, namely Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Schubert, Schumann, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Liszt, Mahler and Bruckner. It is evident that, in the sight of modern medicine, symptoms and forensic facts are not complete, but witnesses' reports and recent medical research have provided passable and plausible clarity. Although many questions will remain unanswered, it appears that the diseases of these composers and their causes of death have their origins in alcohol abuses, age, epidemics (like tuberculosis) and syphilis.

scholarly journals Causes of death in Serbia since the mid-20th century

Stanovnistvo ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-106
Author(s):  
Ivan Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Population Mortality ◽  
Circulatory Diseases

The structure of the leading causes of death in Serbia has considerably changed in the last half century. Diseases which presented the main threat to the population a few decades ago are now at the level of a statistical error. On the one side are causes which drastically changed their share in total mortality in this time interval, while others have shown stability and persistence among the basic causes of death. Acute infectious diseases "have been replaced" with chronic noninfectious diseases, due to the improvement of general and health conditions. One of the consequences of such changes is increased life expectancy and a larger share of older population which resulted in cardiovascular diseases and tumors to dominate more and more in total mortality. Convergent trends in the structure of the leading causes of death in Serbia from the middle of the 20th century are the reasons why there are considerably fewer diseases and causes with a significant rate in total population mortality at the beginning of the 21st century. During the 1950s, there were five groups of diseases and causes which participated individually with more than 10% of population mortality (infectious diseases, heart and circulatory diseases, respiratory diseases, some perinatal conditions and undefined states) while at the beginning of the new century there were only two such groups (cardiovascular diseases and tumors). Identical trends exist in all European countries, as well as in the rest of the developed world. The leading causes of death in Serbia are cardiovascular diseases. An average of somewhat over 57.000 people died annually in the period from 2007 - 2009, which represents 55.5% of total population mortality. Women are more numerous among the deceased and this difference is increasing due to population feminization. The most frequent cause of death in Serbia, after heart and circulatory diseases, are tumors, which caused 21,415 deaths in 2009. Neoplasms are responsible for one fifth of all deaths. Their number has doubled in three decades, from 9,107 in 1975 to about 20,000 at the beginning of the 21st century, whereby tumors have become the fastest growing cause of death. Least changes in absolute number of deaths in the last half century were marked among violent deaths. Observed by gender, men are in average three times more numerous among violent deaths than women. In the middle of the 20th century in Serbia, one third of the deaths caused by violence were younger than 25 and as many as one half were younger than 35 years old. Only one tenth (11%) of total number of violent deaths were from the age group of 65 or older. At the end of the first decade of the 21st century (2009), the share of population younger than 25 in the total number of violent deaths was decreased four times (and amounted to 8%). At the same time, the rate of those older than 65 or more quadrupled (amounted to 39%).

scholarly journals AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO PREVENTION OF STROKE & HEART DISEASES FROM DIABETES MELLITUS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1027-1031
Author(s):  
Priyanka V. Dekate
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Daily Regimen ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
The World

Madhumeha (Diabetes) is attracting the world as a non-infectious pandemic/epidemic. The prevalence of Diabetes is on the rise, more alarmingly in the developing country. Ranked 7th among leading causes of death. This multiplying incidence of CVS & heart diseases. Now days Ayurveda is of wise important to get swasthya, to prevent heart diseases & stroke from DM. The objectives of study are to evolve standard Ayurvedic drug & preventive measures for Madhumeha. This study is based on review of Ayurvedic Samhitas & previous research work. DM is the 6th leading cause of death in the world. Therefore, attempt should be made to balance the Dehamanas prakruti & normal state of physiological energy to prevent Diabetes Mellitus. Dinacharya (Daily regimen), Ashtavidha aahara vidhi Aayatana & herbo mineral drugs with Yogasana help to prevent diabetes & its related complication. Keyword: Madhumeha, stroke, Heart diseases.

scholarly journals A Review of Candidate Therapies for Beta Coronavirus a Molecular Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Fatema Bassam Ahmed ◽  
Aili Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The World ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Infectious Illness ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Illness

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious illness caused by the coronavirus 2 that causes severe acute respiratory illness (SARS-CoV-2). The first instance of this virus was reported on November 17th, 2019 in Wuhan, China. The COVID-19 outbreak is evidenced with devastating consequences such as 34.9% rate of mortality in 27 countries. The metastasizing of COVID-19 all over the world is alarmed to cause significant losses of human life, and for this there is no specific vaccination or therapy for COVID-19 in particular. The therapies suggested at this time are adapted from the treatments of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARV-CoV). For instance, the development for a particular therapy or vaccination for COVID-19 is an urgent requirement. The pattern of study is based on investigating the research papers for the period of 2012-2020, identifying all the potential aspects of medical research contributing for the development of treatment against diverse families of coronavirus. By analyzing this approach, this study is aimed to provide a directed approach for developing appropriate therapy for COVID-19.

Rethinking Conflict over Water

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
The World

It has long been accepted that non-renewable natural resources like oil and gas are often the subject of conflict between both nation-states and social groups. But since the end of the Cold War, the idea that renewable resources like water and timber might also be a cause of conflict has steadily gained credence. This is particularly true in the case of water: in the early 1990s, a senior World Bank official famously predicted that “the wars of the next century will be fought over water,” while two years ago Indian strategist Brahma Chellaney made a splash in North America by claiming that water would be “Asia’s New Battleground.” But it has not quite turned out that way. The world has, so far, avoided inter-state conflict over water in the 21st century, but it has witnessed many localized conflicts, some involving considerable violence. As population growth, economic development, and climate change place growing strains on the world’s fresh water supplies, the relationship between resource scarcity, institutions, and conflict has become a topic of vocal debate among social and environmental scientists. The idea that water scarcity leads to conflict is rooted in three common assertions. The first of these arguments is that, around the world, once-plentiful renewable resources like fresh water, timber, and even soils are under increasing pressure, and are therefore likely to stoke conflict among increasing numbers of people who seek to utilize dwindling supplies. A second, and often corollary, argument holds that water’s unique value to human life and well-being—namely that there are no substitutes for water, as there are for most other critical natural resources—makes it uniquely conductive to conflict. Finally, a third presumption behind the water wars hypothesis stems from the fact that many water bodies, and nearly all large river basins, are shared between multiple countries. When an upstream country can harm its downstream neighbor by diverting or controlling flows of water, the argument goes, conflict is likely to ensue. But each of these assertions depends on making assumptions about how people react to water scarcity, the means they have at their disposal to adapt to it, and the circumstances under which they are apt to cooperate rather than to engage in conflict. Untangling these complex relationships promises a more refined understanding of whether and how water scarcity might lead to conflict in the 21st century—and how cooperation can be encouraged instead.

Do Small Cause-of-Death Correlations Throw into Question the Notion of a Collective “Deaths of Despair” Phenomenon?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjumand Siddiqi ◽  
Odmaa Sod-Erdene
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Deaths Of Despair

Abstract Since the turn of the 21st century, during which White mortality has been rising, there has been a sharp increase in only three causes of death, drug use, alcohol use, and suicide. Because all three of these causes conjure notions of anguish and hopelessness, they have been conceptualized as a collective “deaths of despair” phenomenon. Simons and Masters challenge this conceptualization, by asking if these three causes are empirically associated with each other. Their analyses produce small correlations, which lead them to call into question that the three causes are part of a unified phenomenon. We contest their work on several grounds. Their analyses suffer from several technical problems, including the fact that, for any given year and cause of death, 65.8-97.6% of counties have death counts under 10. More fundamentally, it is unclear that we should expect these causes of death to rise and fall together, even if they are connected to a singular phenomenon. Instead, ‘despair’ may manifest differently in different places (i.e. these causes may be substitutes for each other). We argue that the best answer to the authors’ important question comes from assessing whether there is a common, despair-based causal mechanism underlying all three of them.

scholarly journals Awareness on Tricky Fungal Infections Coexisting with COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Sree Kavya Godise ◽  
Sowjanya Maddukuri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The World ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Looking Back

As we know that the whole world is fighting against SARS-CoV-2, here another new battle starts i.e., the fungal co-infections which throw a challenge to the world. In many cases, people who are recovered from COVID-19 are more prone to develop these co-fungal infections. Looking back on SARS –CoV in 2003, we found that the fungal infections was the main cause of death for SARS-CoV patients, accounting for 25% - 73.7% in all causes of death, while in COVID-19 patients, only few studies have been reported. The most common fungal infections associated with COVID-19 patients are mucormycosis (black fungus), candidiasis, aspergillosis and cryptococcosis. The main motto of this article is to present the detailed description about these fungal infections in aspects of their definitive species, associated risk factors, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and their preventive measures. Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, fungal co-infections, mucormycosis (black fungus), candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis.

scholarly journals SOCIALIZATION OF GOOD AND TRUE TRAFFICKING OF MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH DAARUL ‘ULUM SOUTH JAKARTA

ICCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 373-375
Author(s):  
Acep Hidayat ◽  
Muhammad Isradi ◽  
Soh Aly
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
School Level ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
The World

The accident rate in Indonesia tends to be quite high when compared to other countries in Asean. Traffic accidents are one of the causes of death in the world (8th rank), and the main cause of death of young people aged 15 to 29 years. Accidents can be prevented by various technical countermeasures, this needs to be done so that unnecessary accident costs can be reduced. Against this background, it is necessary to conduct socialization early on about good and correct traffic procedures especially for young children at the elementary school level, so it is expected that our children already have the provision of information and techniques about traffic in our country.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF PHILOSOPHICAL ANTHROPOLOGY FOR MEDICINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-454
Author(s):  
Dimitar Mirchev
Keyword(s):  
William James ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
German Philosopher

Nowadays we have a need not only for means of existence but also means of a better existence. Medicine is one such tool, hence the requirements of it are constantly increasing. Modern medicine, as an integrative science, needs comprehensive knowledge of the human being, based on the philosophical science as well as on the accumulated empirical knowledge in the medical field, because no discipline individually is able to answer the questions of the meaning of human existence. Therefore, for the most precise knowing of human beings, wide knowledge is necessary, consisting of philosophical and medical notions about the processes that take place in the human organism, aided by philosophical anthropology. Anthropology serves as the foundation of all sciences concerning human knowledge, origin and culture - medicine, ontology, history, archeology, ethnology, etc. In order to understand the main aspects of a specific science and, particularly philosophical anthropology and its relation to medicine, it is necessary to clarify the notion of philosophical anthropology. The multifaceted nature of the question of the essence of man and his attitude to the world around him finds expression in the formation of philosophical anthropology as the main direction in philosophy. In the history of human thought, the term "philosophical anthropology" is used with double meaning. On one hand, anthropology comprises ancient and modern philosophical views of man, which, although not developed as a self-study, contain a certain understanding of the nature of man as an individual and person. on the other hand, this concept is entirely determined by the emphasis on man as a subject of philosophical reflection. The different aspects and diversity of human existence require an objective research and an authoritative answer to the question of the meaning of human life and place of human beings. In a certain sense, all fundamental problems of philosophy can be reduced to the question, what is the essence of man and his place in being and the world. Based on the unique human nature, different philosophical schools and directions attempt to respond to the fundamental question of the meaning of life. The affirmation of contemporary philosophical anthropology as an independent science in the 20s of the twentieth century is largely due to the german philosopher Max Scheler (1874-1928) and his fundamental work "The Human Place in the Cosmos". Significant contributions to the development of anthropology have also Kant, Plesner, Gellen, Pascal, Ortega and Gasset, Ludwig Feuerbach, Karl Jaspers, William James, Erich Rothacker, as well as the anthropological ideas and views in the theories of the different directions in medicine, psychology, sociology, biology, ecology etc.

Education in Higher Education

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-65
Author(s):  
Ana Valéria Barbosa Silva
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Pedagogical Innovation ◽  
Fourth Industrial Revolution ◽  
Teaching And Learning Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
New Methodologies

The chapter title proposes a reflection: is establishing proposed innovations in the teaching and learning environment the same as innovating this teaching and learning? The term innovation has long been studied, but its recurrence has increased in the 1990s and has become even more intense in the 21st century. But what is innovation? Closely related to the business environment, innovating also applies to one of the longer-lived organizations in human life: the school. Now that society is in the fourth industrial revolution, where is the school? In some cases, it is in the search for the connection with the present times, but in others, it is still in the molds of past centuries. The author proposes reflecting on pedagogical innovation, new methodologies, connection to the world context of the 21st century, and insertion of technology.

Lessons Learned from Data Mining of WHO Mortality Database

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (04) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Paoin
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Association Analysis ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The World ◽  
C4.5 Decision Tree ◽  
Health Organization

SummaryObjectives: The objectives of this research were to test the ability of classification algorithms to predict the cause of death in the mortality data with unknown causes, to find association between common causes of death, to identify groups of countries based on their common causes of death, and to extract knowledge gained from data mining of the World Health Organization mortality database.Methods: The WEKA software version 3.5.3 was used for classification, clustering and association analysis of the World Health Organization mortality database which contained 1,109,537 records. Three major steps were performed: Step 1 – preprocessing of data to convert all records into suitable formats for each type of analysis algorithm; Step 2 – analyzing data using the C4.5 decision tree and Naïve Bayes classification algorithm, K-means clustering algorithm and Apriori association analysis algorithm; Step 3 – interpretation of results and hypothesis testing after clustering analysis.Results: Using a C4.5 decision tree classifier to predict cause of death, we obtained 440 leaf nodes that correctly classify death instances with an accuracy of 40.06%. Naïve Bayes classification algorithm calculated probability of death from each disease that correctly classify death instances with an accuracy of 28.13%. K means clustering divided the data into four clusters with 189, 59, 65, 144 country-years in each cluster. A Chi-square was used to test discriminate disease differences found in each cluster which had different diseases as predominant causes of death. Apriori association analysis produced association rules of linkage among cancer of the lung, hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases. These were found in the top five leading causes of death with 99–100% confidence level.Conclusion: Classification tools produced the poorest results in predicting cause of death. Given the inadequacy of variables in the WHO database, creation of a classification model to predict specific cause of death was impossible. Clustering and association tools yielded interesting results that could be used to identify new areas of interest in mortality data analysis. This can be used in data mining analysis to help solve some quality problems in mortality data.

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