scholarly journals Arduino-based night return mechanism for passive solar trackers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Willy Stephen Tounsi Fokui ◽  
Destine Mashava
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Photovoltaic Panels ◽  
Surface Inclination ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Passive Solar ◽  
Will Force ◽  
Heating Fabric

<p>Solar trackers are support platforms that keep photovoltaic panels facing the sun by following the sun from dusk to dawn. There exist active solar trackers that make use of motors and gears to orientate the photovoltaic panels towards the sun; and passive solar trackers that operate through the differential heating of the fluid in the tracking rack to follow the sun. Passive solar trackers suffer from the lack of a night return mechanism and a slow wake-up response in the mornings due to the limitations on the surface inclination angle of the rack. This paper seeks to address these issues by proposing an Arduino-based night return mechanism for passive solar trackers. An energy-saving heating element such as the ultra heating fabric manufactured by WireKinetics Co. is installed on the west-side canister of the tracker. Before dawn, the fabric is automatically heated and this will force the refrigerant in the west-side canister to vaporize and cool in the east- side canister, forcing the tracker to return and face eastward before sunrise. The night return mechanism is designed and simulated using Proteus profesional. Simulation results show that this system can significantly optimize the function of passive solar trackers.</p>

scholarly journals Fabric and Origin of Lateral Moraines, Bethartoli Glacier, Garhwal Himalaya, India

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (84) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald D. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Lateral Moraine ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Lateral Ridge ◽  
Moraine Ridge

AbstractUnusually strong till fabrics in lateral moraines of Bethartoli Glacier provide information on the genesis and growth of the moraines. On the west side of the valley, down-stream of the present glacier snout, several lateral moraine crests are juxtaposed. Because the crests generally become higher towards the valley axis, they must represent re-advances of the glacier rather than recessional stages. On the east side of the valley only a single lateral ridge is found; presumably the ridge is composed of debris from several glacial advances. On the eroded proximal flank of this ridge a strong fabric is visible; the plane defined by a- and b-axes of stones is parallel to the distal flank of the moraine ridge, indicating that the moraine grew mainly by accretion of debris on to its distal flank. On the eroded proximal flank of the innermost west-side ridge the equivalent fabric is weaker, suggesting that distal flank accretion was less significant and proximal flank accretion more significant than on the east side.

Geodetic measurements in the Dixie Valley Area

1957 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-325
Author(s):  
C. A. Whitten
Keyword(s):  
Valley Floor ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Geodetic Measurements ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Dixie Valley ◽  
Valley Area

abstract Resurveys made after the 1954 earthquake in the Dixie Valley Area determined the horizontal and vertical displacements which occurred. Triangulation stations on the west side of the fault moved north approximately 4 feet, and points on the east side moved south by a similar amount. Releveling showed a drop and also a tilt of a valley floor.

Relative Orientation of Prasat Hin Phanom Rung Temple to Spica on New Year’s Day: The Chief Indicator for the Intercalary Year of the Luni-Solar Calendar

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (S367) ◽  
pp. 260-264
Author(s):  
Siramas Komonjinda ◽  
Orapin Riyaprao ◽  
Korakamon Sriboonrueang ◽  
Cherdsak Saelee
Keyword(s):  
Full Moon ◽  
Relative Orientation ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
The Sun ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Temple ◽  
East West

AbstractPrasat Hin Phanom Rung, located in Buriram Province of Thailand, is an ancient temple that had been built between the 10th and 13th century. The temple, which is off east-west orientation by 5.5° towards north, has unveiled the astonishing phenomena exhibiting both astronomical and architectural intellect of the ancient builders. The phenomena involve perfect quarterly-alignments of the sun through all the fifteen doorways of the temple. The phenomenal orientation of this ancient architecture has been elucidated by several scholars—including historians, archaeologists, and astronomers—that it might be related to solar or lunar events only. However, our studies have otherwise found a clue to this mystery that it may be based on how the ancient intelligence used stars in the zodiacal constellations to regulate agricultural calendars. In this study, we find that Phanom Rung was oriented with respect to Spica such that on the day Spica set on the west-side doorway at dawn, the sun was entering Mesha Rashi (Aries). This day has a direct connection to a New Year’s Day of Saka calendar (Śaka Era), presently called Thaloeng Sok Day. Furthermore, we have found the relationship between Spica and the full moon of Caitra from which the intercalary month-year (Adhikamas) was detected.

Characterization of soil P in coastal forest chronosequences of southern Vancouver Island: effects of climate and harvesting disturbance

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Preston ◽  
J. A. Trofymow
Keyword(s):  
Tree Growth ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Available P ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Coastal Forest ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Total P

Limitation of tree growth due to inadequate P supply has been found for young plantations following harvesting of old-growth in high rainfall areas of coastal British Columbia. To understand the reasons for P limitation, we investigated P chemistry in mineral soil to 50 cm depth in sites from the Coastal Forest Chronosequence project on Vancouver Island. This allowed comparison of biogeoclimatic subzone (higher rainfall on west than east coast sites) and of time from harvesting disturbance (seral stage). Available (Bray 1) P was significantly higher (P < 0.001) on the drier east side (up to 50 mg kg−1), than on the west side (<5 mg kg−1), although total P values were less divergent (694 mg kg−1, east and 534 mg kg−1, west). There were no significant seral stage effects on total and available P. Extraction with 0.5 M NaOH recovered 50–60% of total P, except for samples from 10–30 cm depth on the west side, for which only 20% was recovered, an effect not found for C. Analysis of the NaOH extracts by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy showed much higher proportions of orthophosphate P on the east side. West side extracts were higher in organic P forms, especially diesters, typical of forest ecosystems with restricted nutrient cycling and high precipitation. On the west side, low concentrations of available P, higher proportions of organic P in NaOH extracts, and depression of NaOH extractability at 10–30 cm are consistent with P being a limiting nutrient for tree growth, a problem that may be exacerbated by harvesting disturbance. Key words: Forest chronosequences, harvesting disturbance, 31P NMR, P cycling, organic P

scholarly journals III.—Note on the Excavation of the Valleys in Derbyshire

1869 ◽  
Vol 6 (62) ◽  
pp. 347-348
Author(s):  
H. C. Sorby
Keyword(s):  
East Side ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The Road ◽  
Surface Drainage ◽  
Main Valley ◽  
Subterranean Stream ◽  
Marked Surface

For a considerable time I have taken much interest in the question of the origin of the narrow and deep valleys in the Carboni-ferous Limestone district of Derbyshire, and have carefully recorded whatever seemed to explain their formation. So far I have never met with more striking facts than those to be seen in Deep Dale, about three miles in a direct line E.S.E. from Buxton. I estimate the depth of the valley at about 100 feet, and its width at from 100 to 200 yards. At a distance of about a mile from the Bakewell road there is a cavern, which is especially conspicuous on the east side. Its entrance is about 6 feet high, 20 feet broad, and 40 feet above the bottom of the valley. It extends nearly horizontally for about 30 yards, and then descends to a lower level, where I did not further examine it. On looking from the entrance to the opposite side of the dale I was surprised to see what appears to be a continuation of the same cavern. The entrance on that side is at about 80 feet above the valley, and is so much blocked up with detritus that one can only examine it for a space of 10 yards. Taking, however, all the facts into consideration, it appears to me that at a very remote period a subterranean stream flowed continuously along these two caverns, from west to east. There is abundance of suitable gather ground on the west side which even now has no well-marked surface drainage, and from which much of the water probably escapes by a subterranean course, ending in the large spring in the main valley, by the road-side below Kingsterndale.

Recent Changes in the Teifi Estuary

1925 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 223-223
Author(s):  
M. P. Latter
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
High Tide ◽  
River Channel ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
The North ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Main River ◽  
Sand Flats

Within the last 50 years the lower reaches of the Teifi from St. Dogmells to Cardigan Bar have undergone a complete change: the bed of the river formerly lay near the west side of the estuary as far as the Webley Arms, and this point in the river was then known as Pwll Cam (“the crooked pool”), as it was here that the river took a sharp bend describing an ogee curve by way of the spit to the east of the present sandbanks: this old river channel lay in clay, unlike the present shallow river bed on the east side of the estuary, and quite big vessels could float even at low tide in front of the Webley Arms, which is now a low stretch of mud banks covered at high tide. A wreck, which laid up over two or three tides, was the simple means of effecting this change in the river's course. Since then it has led to other comparatively rapid geological changes: the Manian-fâch stream, which has its source in the Pant-y-Groes plateau, used to flow almost direct into the Teifi, when in its old course; now, however, since the bed of the Teifi, on leaving the Battery Point, crosses over to the east side of the estuary, the whole of the estuary to the west has been silted up with sand and mud, and this has been accelerated by the formation of sand-banks right across the mouth of the bay: consequently the Manian-fâch stream, on emerging off the mainland, is now deflected to the S.E. and flows for about a mile approximately parallel to the main river, though in the opposite direction, before joining it nearby the Battery Point. The watershed of the roughly triangular strip of sand flats, seen at low tide, lies very close to the present river bed, so that practically all the water off this area at low tide drains first into the Manian-fâch, and thus describes nearly a complete circle twice daily. This instance is analogous to, but not quite homologous with, that of the Eiver Aide in Suffolk, the original mouth of which has been deflected more than 12 miles south by currents from the north.

scholarly journals GUBENG STATION RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE PERFORMANCE ACCORDING TO USER PERCEPTION

ASTONJADRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Dwi Sulastri ◽  
Atik Wahyuni ◽  
Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Functional Difference ◽  
User Perception ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Infrastructure Performance ◽  
Service Standards

<pre>Gubeng Station is the most populous station of 52 stations that enter the work area of PT KAI </pre><pre>Daop 8 Surabaya, with 978,346 train passengers in January 2019, where this number is the highest number </pre><pre>of train passengers for 3 years recorded at Gubeng station. Gubeng Station is also very unique, </pre><pre>because it is located at a height of 5 meters and has two functionally different sides. The west side </pre><pre>building is used for the departure and arrival of economy and express trains, while the east side </pre><pre>building is for the departure and arrival of business and executive trains. This functional difference </pre><pre>needs to be a study of the provision of infrastructure/facilities available at the Gubeng station </pre><pre>whether it meets the minimum train service standards and has provided services/satisfaction and the </pre><pre>importance of the existing facilities at the Gubeng station according to the train user perception. </pre><pre>The method used is importance performance analysis (IPA) and the conclusion is that satisfaction </pre><pre>and importance of the existing facilities at Gubeng station according to the train user perception obtained </pre><pre>a satisfaction value of 2.48 which means that they still do not get maximum service and the average </pre><pre>value of interest is 4.57 which means that the existing facilities at Gubeng station are needed by train </pre><pre>passengers.</pre><pre> </pre>

I Am Surfeited, Sick, and Tired of Witnessing Bloodshed

2020 ◽  
pp. 250-260
Author(s):  
Earl J. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
River System ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
General Hospitals ◽  
West Side ◽  
No Man's Land ◽  
Do So

Both sides faced an enormous task in caring for the wounded resulting from the failed attack of May 22. The Federals suffered 3,199 losses that day, 2,550 of them were wounded. While John C. Pemberton’s Confederates suffered only about 500 losses all told, they had fewer resources to care for their wounded than the Federals. Even so, many Union surgeons and their staff were burdened for days in caring for so many wounded men in temporary field hospitals behind the Federal line. Those able to do so were moved to the landing on the east side of the Yazoo River north of Vicksburg to board hospital boats for transfer north to general hospitals at Memphis and other Federally-controlled cities along the Western river system. To the extent possible, squads of soldiers retrieved wounded as well as abandoned arms and other equipment from no-man’s-land between the lines. The few prisoners taken by the Confederates, amounting to 147 Federals, were soon released by Pemberton so he would not have to feed them. They signed paroles and then were transported across the Mississippi River and delivered to Federal troops on the west side of the stream.

The western approach to the Athenian akropolis

1999 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 86-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ione Mylonas Shear
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
East Side ◽  
The West ◽  
West Side ◽  
Floor Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Temple ◽  
Later Phase

The structures along the west side of the Athenian Akropolis have long delighted visitors approaching the site and have challenged scholars for generations. By happy coincidence a variety of different studies has recently been published which emphasized different aspects of the approaches to the citadel and once again remind us of the many problems still remaining to be solved.Ira S. Mark concentrated on the shrine of the Athena Nike. He dealt primarily with the Mycenaean bastion enclosed within the later ashlar masonry of the classical podium, the various early remains of the shrine, which lie roughly 1.30 m. below the floor level of the classical temple, and the historical background of the temple itself. He published a few of the many early drawings of the bastion made by Nikolaos Balanos and his associates and re-examined the early walls crowning the archaic bastion, which he divided into various stages. Although, in my opinion, his chronology needs adjustment, his division of the walls built along the edges of the basion into different phases helps us to understand in more detail the history of the site and is a welcome addition. One of these earlier walls, which had long been considered to be Mycenaean, was dated by Mark to a much later phase (Fig. 1, 15). He suggested that the wall was a post-Mycenaean addition built in this position to enclose the east side of the shrine. This wall lies parallel to the West Cyclopean Wall and had been thought to represent the eastern limit of the bastion. The fragmentary remains of this wall, which are no longer visible, were originally recorded by Panagiotis Kavvadias and Georg Kawerau and its existence has bedeviled all attempts to restore a Mycenaean gate in this area.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document