scholarly journals Metabolic processes in the small intestine wall, heart and liver in experimental intake of carrageenan

Author(s):  
O. M. Kopanytsia ◽  
M. I. Marushchak ◽  
A. A. Shcherbatyy

Introduction. In the scientific literature there is a large number of publications on the chemical modification of carrageenans, the relationship between the chemical structure and their biological activity, and new opportunities for their usage in medicine. That is whyit is modern to study the properties and the state of organs and systems of the body in case of carrageenan intake.The aim of the study – to learn the indices of metabolic processes in the wall of the small intestine, myocardium and liver of experimental animals using 1% carrageenan solution.Research Methods. The study was carried out on 24 white non-linear male rats. The animals of the experimental group were provided with free access to a 1.0% of carrageenan solution for 1 month. In the selected samples of the small intestine, heart and liver was evaluated the intensity of the processes of lipid peroxidation by the content of hydroperoxides and TBA-active products.Results and Discussion. It was found that the intake of a 1% solution of κ-carrageenan led to activation of lipid peroxidation both in the wall of the small intestine and in the tissues of the liver and myocardium, however, their intensity was different. The lipoperoxidation activity was highest in the small intestine wall, while the hydroperoxides and TBA-active products were less in the myocardial tissues. So, the oral usage of carrageenan in the form of a 1% water solution has a direct and indirect damaging effect on the free radical processes in the body.Conclusions. Oral administration of a 1% carrageenan solution in experimental animals leads to statistically significant activation of free radical oxidation processes in the small intestine wall, heart and liver tissues, characterized by an increase in the content of both primary and secondary products of lipoperoxidation (p<0.05).

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Anastasiya S. Brichagina ◽  
Mariya I. Dolgikh ◽  
Larisa R. Kolesnikova ◽  
Larisa V. Natyaganova

Various pathologies, in particular hypertension, accompany violation of the processes of free radical oxidation. The state of the system lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection can be assessed only by a complex of biochemical methods. The chemiluminescent method is used to obtain a faster result. The method has a number of advantages: measurement of chemiluminescence parameters is carried out in natural conditions and does not require sample preparation, is highly selective, it can be used to identify the presence of free radical pathology, analysis of the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes, the effectiveness of treatment with antioxidant medicament. The aim of the research was to study the lipid peroxidation under hypertension and stress by chemiluminescence. The experiment was conducted on male rats of the ISIAH line. The experiment consisted of 2 stages: stage of alarm and stage of chronic stress. We found that, depending on the type of stress, the state of the system lipid peroxidation-antioxidant protection differed. The role of stress in violation of the processes of lipoperoxidation in hypertension was established. The efficacy of the chemiluminescence method as an alternative to a complex of biochemical methods is shown. Express assessment of pro- and antioxidant status is possible for patients with hypertension.


2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
Larisa V. Pilip ◽  
◽  
Olga V. Byakova ◽  
Maria E. Kazakova ◽  
◽  
...  

The chemical processes occurring in the animal body under pathological conditions are of interest to researchers. The objective of the research was to study the indicators of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity in horses infested with helminthiases and treated with anthelmintic paste with an antioxidant. The study has proved the role of parasitic infestation in accelerating the processes of free radical oxidation, which is manifested by a decrease in the light sum of radicals (36.62-39.21), the maximum luminous intensity (6.13-6.98) and antioxidant activity (5.65-6.2) at the start of the research. Chronic invasion increases the concentration of under-oxidized products up to 38.59, and the rate of initiating free radical oxidation – up to 6.95, the values of antioxidant activity being stably low (5.51-5.91). An important role in the regulation of lipid peroxidation in horses during helminthiases, as well as in the process of deworming, is played by the antioxidants contained in anthelmintic preparations. The antioxidant santohin included as a compound in the «Alezan» preparation suppresses enhanced peroxidation and activates the antioxidant protection of the body, which is reflected in a decrease in the light sum of the radicals to as low as 26.73, a maximum luminous intensity to – 3.76, and an increase in antioxidant activity – up to 7.16.


2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Grin ◽  
Eugenia V. Rogaleva ◽  
Marina P. Semenenko ◽  
Ksenia A. Semenenko ◽  
Elena V. Kuzminova

The article is devoted to the study of the assessment of selenium status in the pathogenesis of liver diseases and the effectiveness of the use of a selenium-containing drug. In the course of studies in animals with clinical signs and high rates of hepatopathies markers – transaminases, in 100% of cases a low level of selenium was revealed – 0.026 ±0.01 μg / ml, because of the increased consumption of this microelement on the background of increased free radical oxidation processes in the liver tissue. It was found that intramuscular administration of the drug selenolin at a dose of 20 mg / 100 kg four times with an interval of 15 days significantly improved the clinical status of the experimental animals; the effectiveness of therapy was 93.3%. Parenteral administration of selenolin favorably corrected the processes of lipid peroxidation and contributed to a significant (p <0.01) decrease in the level of liver indicator enzymes in comparison with the control by 34.5% (aspartate aminotransferase) and by 45.8% (alanine aminotransferase), and also contributed to an increase in the level of selenium to the level of the physiological norm (0.068 ± 0.03 μg / ml).


Author(s):  
N.A. Pudovkin ◽  
D.A. Barkova

The purpose of the work is to study the processes of free radical lipid peroxidation, antioxidant system activity and their connection with the iron metabolism in white rats with experimental hepatitis, and after the use of hepatoprotectors. Materials and Methods. Studies were conducted on white Wistar rats: body weight – 180–200 g, age – 3 months. “Berlition” and “Legalon M” were administered intramuscularly, 0.2 ml per animal once a day (30 days). The authors registered the content of malonic dialdehyde (MDA), diene conjugates, catalase activity, serum iron level, total and unsaturated iron binding capacity. Results. In experimental animals, the level of diene conjugates increased 1.8 times if compared with healthy ones. After the administration of “Legalon M” and “Berlition”, the concentration of diene conjugates decreased by 58.6 % (by half) compared with the experimental animals. It was established that the malondialdehyde content significantly increased in all tissues. After the administration of “Legalon M” and “Berlition”, the malondialdehyde content decreased in the liver, lungs and muscle tissues. In the tissues of the intestine and in the blood serum, MDA level resolved to that of healthy animals. In experimental animals, catalase activity increased significantly if compared with healthy ones. After “Legalon M” and “Berlition” administration there was a decrease in enzyme activity in all body tissues. In animals with experimental hepatitis, there was a failure of iron metabolism in the body. The authors observed activation of iron metabolism in the body after drug administration to rats with experimental hepatitis. Conclusions. “Ligalon M” and “Berlition” have an antioxidant effect and stimulate iron metabolism. Keywords: hepatitis, antioxidants, free radicals, malonic dialdehyde, catalase, diene conjugates, iron metabolism, transferrin, lipids.


2018 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Yu.I. Silenko ◽  
M.V. Khrebor ◽  
Y.M. Silenko ◽  
O.A. Pisarenko

A number of scientists put forward and confirmed the assumption of the presence in the body of biological regulators, polypeptides, carrying out the transfer of information necessary for the functioning, development and interaction of cell populations. The problem of studying the mechanism of action and clinical application of polypeptides is key in modern medicine. The aim of the research is to examine the clinical parameters and the state of free radical oxidation in blood and periodontal tissues of white rats in the treatment of spontaneous generalized periodontitis with the use of polypeptides. Materials and methods of the research. Experiments were performed on 280 six-month-old of rats Wistar line of both sexes weighing 120-130 g. During the study, the animals were kept under vivarium conditions in individual cells, food and water were not limited. All animals were divided into the following groups: Group I – intact animals (70), Group II – animals with spontaneous periodontitis (70), Group III – animals with spontaneous periodontitis, treated with thymalin polypeptide preparation in a dose of 0.1 mg / kg i / m daily, for 10 days (70), Group ІV – animals with spontaneous paradontitis, treated with parodontylin polypeptide preparation at a dose of 1 mg / kg i / m, daily for 10 days (70). Blood for research in rats was taken against the background of hexenalum anesthesia with a syringe from the heart into a plastic syringe. Subsequently, it was mixed with sodium citrate (3.8% solution) in a ratio of 9:1 and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 10 min. Periodontal tissues and jaws of animals were taken and examined immediately after euthanasia. For the study, the collection of periodontal tissues (gums with periosteum) was performed in the area of the upper and lower molars, since periodontitis often affects these tissues. Indicators of free radical oxidation were determined in blood and periodontal tissues. Resorption of bone tissue of the alveolar process was evaluated. Results and discussion. In the treatment of experimental spontaneous periodontitis using thymalin on the 7th day of observations, regression of symptoms of the disease in animals was observed. Hyperemia and edema, bleeding gums remitted. Whereas under the influence of thymalin there is a regression of dental symptoms by 3.8 times, under the influence of parodontylin – by 7.2 times. The condition of periodontal tissues in animals improved more significantly on the 20th day of observation, the scale assessment of dental status indicates that in animals, treated with thymalin, it is 1.1, and by parodontylin – 0.3 points per animal. In studying the processes of lipid peroxidation in periodontal tissues, their significant reduction in rats with spontaneous periodontitis after administering parodontylin has been established. We also observed an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Hence, the activity of SOD was twice as high, catalase – by 1.95 times. Reactions of lipid peroxidation had the same dynamics in the blood of animals after administering periodontal polypeptides and thymalin, as in periodontal tissues. We observed a significant decrease in the level of conjugated dienes, the concentration of the latter reaches the value of indices of intact animals. Similar results were obtained with regard to the level of TBA-active products, accumulation of MDA, spontaneous hemolysis of erythrocytes. Attention is drawn to the fact that parodontylin reduced lipid peroxygenation of blood to a greater extent than thymalin. We also observed increased activity of SOD, and, on the other hand, the concentration of ceruloplasmin decreased by 25.4%. Thus, administering periodontal polypeptides during spontaneous periodontitis leads to a decrease in the responses of lipid peroxidation in periodontal tissues and blood. To a greater extent this effect is characteristic of parodontylin in comparison with thymalin.


Author(s):  
А.С. Казицкая ◽  
Т.К. Ядыкина ◽  
М.С. Бугаева ◽  
А.Г. Жукова ◽  
Н.Н. Михайлова ◽  
...  

В условиях непрерывного воздействия неблагоприятных факторов окружающей и производственной среды на человека особую актуальность приобретает изучение механизмов, поддерживающих гомеостаз организма. Длительное поступление фторидов в организм приводит к формированию хронической фтористой интоксикации, патогенез которой вызывает многочисленные споры и дискуссии. До сих пор недостаточно внимания уделяется изучению висцеральной патологии, обусловленной нарушениями иммунного статуса в условиях воздействия на организм соединений фтора. Практически отсутствуют исследования по изучению иммунной реактивности, определяющей морфофункциональный характер ответной реакции печени на ранних стадиях развития фтористой интоксикации. Цель работы - изучение действий патофизиологических механизмов иммунной реактивности печени при субхроническом действии на организм соединений фтора. Методика. Опыты проведены на 210 лабораторных крысах-самцах массой 180-220 г., разделенных на 2 группы: контрольную (n=80) и группу животных с субхроническим действием фторида натрия (n=130). Экспериментальные животные в течение 12 нед имели свободный доступ к водному раствору фторида натрия (концентрация 10 мг/л, что составляет суточную дозу фтора 1,2 мг/кг массы тела). Для изучения иммунологических и биохимических показателей забирали кровь из хвостовой вены через 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 нед от начала эксперимента. Для оценки состояния гуморального звена иммунитета определяли уровень сывороточных иммуноглобулинов (IgA, IgG, IgM) иммуноферментным анализом с помощью наборов реактивов ЗАО «Вектор-Бест» (Новосибирск). Уровень сывороточных цитокинов: TNF-α, IL-1β, 2, 4, 6, 10 определяли на анализаторе Multiskan EX методом иммуноферментного анализа с использованием наборов «Вектор Бест» (Новосибирск). Подсчет общего количества лейкоцитов произведен классическим способом в камере Горяева, анализ лейкоцитарной формулы - в окрашенных мазках периферической крови. Метаболические изменения оценивали по активности ферментов в ткани печени: щелочной фосфатазы (ЩФ), аланин- и аспартатаминотрансфераз (АЛТ, АСТ), лактатдегидрогеназы (ЛДГ), гаммаглутамилтранспептидазы (γ-ГТ). Активность ферментов определяли унифицированными методами с помощью наборов реактивов ЗАО «Вектор-Бест» (Новосибирск) на фотометре PM-750 (Германия). Гистологические исследования печени осуществляли после декапитации крыс, проводимой под эфирным наркозом. Результаты. Показано, что субхроническое воздействие фторида натрия сопровождается формированием внутриклеточных и внутрисосудистых повреждений печени. Активация медиаторов воспаления и развитие иммунологических нарушений в динамике эксперимента способствуют формированию системной воспалительной реакции, которая приводит к появлению стойких морфологических нарушений в печени и изменению активности ферментов основных метаболических путей. Заключение. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при разработке и проведении профилактических мероприятий в условиях воздействия на организм высоких концентраций фтора с последовательным применением детоксикационной, иммуномодуляторной и органопротекторной коррекции. Studying mechanisms, which maintain the body homeostasis, is particularly important in the conditions of continuous impact of adverse environmental and manufacturing factors. Long-term exposure to fluorides leads to chronic fluoric intoxication, the pathogenesis of which is a subject of multiple controversy and discussions. Not enough attention is still paid to elucidating the visceral pathology associated with fluorine-induced immune disorders. There are virtually no studies of immune reactions that define the morphofunctional nature of the liver response to early stages of fluoric intoxication. Aim. To study pathophysiological mechanisms of hepatic immune reactivity in subchronic exposure of the body to fluorine compounds. Methods. Experiments were performed on 210 male rats weighing 180-220 g. The animals were divided into two groups: 1) control (n=80) and 2) subchronic exposure to sodium fluoride (n=130). The rats had free access to a 10 mg/l aqueous solution of sodium fluoride (daily dose, 1.2 mg/kg body weight) for 12 weeks. Blood was withdrawn from the caudal vein at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks of the experiment for immunological and biochemical tests. Histological study of the liver was performed after decapitation of rats under ether anesthesia. Results. The subchronic exposure to sodium fluoride was associated with intracellular and intravascular damage of the liver. Activation of inflammatory mediators and development of immunological disorders during the experiment contributed to a systemic inflammatory reaction, which resulted in persistent morphological injuries of the liver and changes in enzyme activities in major metabolic pathways. Conclusion. The study results can be used for development and implementation of preventive measures against the effects of high fluorine concentrations, which would include a successive use of detoxification, immunomodulation and organ protection.


Author(s):  
I. A. Umnyagina ◽  
L. A. Strakhova ◽  
T. V. Blinova

Introduction. To date, age and sex differences have been established for many biochemical parameters. Gender differences in indicators for systems such as antioxidant, thiol-disulfide, oxidative stress and inflammation systems are absent or under study.The aim of the study was to identify gender differences in biochemical parameters reflecting the functioning of antioxidant systems of the body and free radical oxidation in workers of metallurgical production, in contact with harmful production factors.Materials and methods. The blood of men and women working at the metallurgical enterprise of the Nizhny Novgorod region (n=80) under the influence of a complex of physical and chemical production factors was studied. Total oxidative stress, total antioxidant capacity of serum, glutathione levels were studied by photometric biochemical methods. Levels of C-reactive protein and 8-hydroxy–2-deoxyguanosine were studied by ELISA.Results. The average amount of peroxides in the serum of women exceeded 1.6 times this figure in men. In the group of men, the content of 8-Ondg was higher by 26% (p=0.012), the level of GS-by 12% (p=0.019), the activity of SOD — by 1.5–2 times (p=0.0001), the level of CRP — by 2 times (p=0.008) compared to similar indicators in women.Conclusions. Studies of gender differences in workers under the influence of harmful production factors will allow more effective approach to the etiology, treatment and prognosis of production-related diseases. Indicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant protection can be indicators of the health of workers under the influence of harmful industrial factors and be important in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress.


1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (5) ◽  
pp. 965-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence Cohn ◽  
Dorothy Joseph

Normal young adult male rats were either force-fed or allowed to eat ad libitum a moderate carbohydrate diet for 3–4 weeks. The force-fed animals were given either the amount of diet consumed by the animals eating ad libitum (pair-fed) or 80% of this amount (underfed). After a 2-week period of observation, we found that the rats eating ad libitum gained 65 gm of body weight, the pair-fed, force-fed 62 gm and the underfed, force-fed 40 gm. On the basis of the water, fat and protein content of the skin, viscera and carcass of control animals killed at the beginning of the feeding regimen and of similar constituents of the experimental animals after 2 weeks of feeding, the composition of the newly formed tissues of the various groups of animals consisted of the following: a) the rat with free access to food—water = 67.8%, fat = 7.8% and protein = 22.4%; b) the pair-fed, force-fed animal—water = 55.5%, fat = 23.6% and protein = 17.7%; c) the underfed, force-fed animal—water = 64.4%, fat = 7.9% and protein = 20.0%. The ratio of calories retained in newly formed tissue to the calories ingested over the 2-week period was 11.9% for the animals eating ad libitum, 20.6% for the pair-fed, force-fed animals and 9.5% for the underfed, force-fed rats. Force feeding appears to change intermediary metabolic pathways in the direction of increased ‘efficiency’ with resultant greater fat deposition.


Author(s):  
Fasna K. A. ◽  
Geetha N. ◽  
Jean Maliekkal

Background: Ageing is characterized by a gradual decline in body functions and decreased ability to maintain homeostasis. The free radical theory of ageing proposed by Harman D states that ageing is a result of cumulative damage incurred by free radical reactions. Free radicals are highly reactive molecular species with unpaired electrons; generated in the body by several physiological processes. Prime target to free radical attack are the polyunsaturated fatty acids of cell membranes causing lipid peroxidation. The free radicals are neutralized by the exogenous and endogenous antioxidant systems. Oxidative stress occurs when large number of free radicals are produced or the antioxidant activity is impaired. The present study is focused to find out the role of oxidative stress in ageing.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was undertaken to assess the oxidative stress in ageing; by determining the levels of lipid peroxidation product- malondialdehyde (MDA), the antioxidants- superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ceruloplasmin in various age groups. 150 healthy subjects were selected randomly and categorised into three different age groups of 20-30 years, 40-59 years and 60-90 years; with 50 subjects in each group. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.Results: a significant elevation in serum MDA level and a decline in SOD were observed in 40-59 years and 60-90 years age groups. However, an elevated ceruloplasmin level was found in the above age groups.Conclusions: Aforementioned observations are suggestive of an association between oxidative stress and the progression of ageing process.


2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1276-1279
Author(s):  
Valery N. Rakitskii ◽  
Tatiana M. Epishina ◽  
Elena G. Chkhvirkiya

Introduction. Historically, pesticides are evaluated more strictly from a medical point of view than other chemicals. Since their features, such as deliberate introduction into the environment, the possibility of contact with them by large masses of the population, and the high biological activity determine their potential danger to humans. Purpose of research - study of the biological effect of a technical product derived from triazoles when it is repeatedly ingested orally in mammals (rats), establishment of inactive and active doses, justification of the permissible daily dose (DSD) for humans. Material and methods. In acute experiments, white rats were used, including 6 animals in the group. Tested dose: 500-4000 mg/kg of body weight. A chronic (12 months) experiment was performed on 80 male rats with a bodyweight of 180-190 g at the beginning of the study. Tested doses: 5.0; 16.0 and 55.0 mg/kg of body weight (1 control and 3 experimental animals, 20 individuals each). In the dynamics of the experiment, we observed the condition and behavior of animals, water, and food consumption, recorded the timing of death, changes in body weight, physiological, biochemical, and hematological indices. Results. Indices of the acute oral toxicity on the studied product LD50 male rats were 2250 ± 483 mg/kg body weight. The dose of 5.0 mg / kg of body weight was not found to cause significant changes in all studied indices. The doses of 16.0 and 55.0 mg/kg of body weight had a polytropic effect on the body in experimental animals. Discussion. The studied product for the acute oral toxicity refers to low-hazard compounds, the doses of 16.0 and 55.0 mg/kg of body weight has a polytropic effect on the mammalian body, causing changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and lipoprotein metabolism in the body of rats - was accepted as acting. The dose of 5.0 mg / kg of body weight, when administered in rats, there are no changes in all the studied parameters throughout the experiment, is accepted as invalid. Based on the inactive dose-5.0 mg/kg of body weight and taking into account the reserve factor of 100, we have scientifically justified DSD for a person at the level of 0.05 mg/kg. Summary. The conducted sanitary and Toxicological studies indicate the need to assess the toxicity of new technical products to the mammalian body, to increase the reliability of the developed hygiene standards in environmental objects and food products.


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