scholarly journals Cost-related underuse of medications in older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 8s ◽  
Author(s):  
Antônio Ignácio de Loyola Filho ◽  
Josélia Oliveira Araújo Firmo ◽  
Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini ◽  
Sérgio Viana Peixoto ◽  
Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Universal Access ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Fourth Quartile ◽  
Use Of Health Services ◽  
Selection Of

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with cost-related underuse of medications in a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged 50 years and over. METHODS: Among the 9,412 participants of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSIBrazil), 6,014 reported using at least one medication on regular basis and were included in the analysis. Underuse of medications was by stopping taking or reducing the number of tablets or the dose of any prescribed medication for financial reasons. The theoretical framework used for the selection of the exploratory variables included predisposing factors, enabling factors, and factors of need. Associations were tested by Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of underuse of medications was 10.6%. After adjustments for relevant covariables, positive and statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) with the outcome were found for females [prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.39], sufficiency of the family income for expenses (PR = 1.74 for sometimes and PR 2.42 for never), frequency with which the physician explains about the disease and treatment (PR = 1.31 for rarely or never), number of medications used (PR = 1.39 for 2–4 and 1.53 for 5 or more), fair (PR = 2.02) and poor or very poor self-rated health (PR = 2.92), and a previous medical diagnosis of depression (PR = 1.69). Negative associations were observed for the age groups of 60–79 years (PR = 0.75) and 80 years and over (PR = 0.43), socioeconomic status of the household (PR = 0.70, 0.79, and 0.60 for the second, third, and fourth quartile, respectively), and private health plan coverage (PR = 0.79). There were no associations between hypertension and self-reported diabetes and underuse of medications. CONCLUSIONS: Cost-related underuse of medications is multidimensional and complex, and it covers socio-demographic characteristics, health conditions, and the use of health services. The explanation about the disease and its treatment to the patient and the expansion of the universal access to pharmaceutical care can minimize the risks of underuse.

scholarly journals Factors associated with changes in self-reported dentifrice consumption in a brazilian group from 1996 and 2009

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Grafitti Colussi ◽  
Alex Nogueira Haas ◽  
Rui Vicente Oppermann ◽  
Cassiano Kuchenbecker Rösing
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
The Family ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Mother’S Age ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The aim of the study was to determine factors associated with changes in self-reported dentifrice consumption in an urban population group over 13 years. This study evaluated two surveys of 671 and 688 households sampled in the urban area of a city from Southern Brazil in 1996 and 2009, respectively. The mother of the family was asked to answer a structured questionnaire about demographics, socioeconomic and behavioral variables. The primary outcome was obtained by questioning "how long does a dentifrice tube last in your house?" The cut-off point of duration was less than 1 month. It was used to determine high consumption of dentifrice (HCD). Associations between HCD and independent variables were evaluated by multivariable Poisson regression. There was a significant decrease of 20% (81.2% to 61.2%) in the prevalence of HCD between 1996 and 2009, resulting in a crude annual decrease of 1.54%. Mother's age, family income, dental assistance, mother's brushing frequency and number of household members that use a toothbrush were significantly associated with HCD independent from the year of survey. The prevalence ratio (PR) of HCD for the year of survey was 0.75, indicating an overall decrease of 25% in the probability of HCD from 1996 to 2009. Probabilities of HCD also decreased over the 13 years among the strata of education, number of household members and reason for choice of dentifrice. It may be concluded that the factors associated with the observed decrease were higher educational levels, larger number of household members and reasons for choosing a dentifrice related to preventive/therapeutic effects.

scholarly journals STRATEGI HIDUP MASYARAKAT PETANI DI KELURAHAN PANDU, KECAMATAN BUNAKEN, KOTA MANADO

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2A) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Reno Raven Derek ◽  
Elsje P. Manginsela ◽  
Benu Olfie L.S.
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Urban Village ◽  
The Family ◽  
Peasant Farmers ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Lower Group

This study aims to describe how farmers carry out a strategy of life on three groups of farmer: upper layer, middle layer and peasant farmers to finance their family daily life. This research was conducted in the urban village of Pandu, Sub-District Bunaken, Manado City. Most of them live from farming activities. The research was conducted in November 2015 through to March 2016. The primary data obtained from interviews to three (3) groups. Selection of the sample is purposive stratified sampling. Each group selected five respondents, so a total of 15 respondents. Collection of secondary data derived from the Urban Village Office of Pandu, Manado City. The results showed that the upper and middle groups of farmers tend to apply the accumulation strategy while consolidation strategy was not found. The two groups have incomes that exceed the needs of farming and of the results they could buy a cow, land or other assets. While farmers lower group implement survival strategies. This farmersgroup use their earnings for the daily needs of the family and the other half to farm. Limited income makes farmers can not save even they have to borrow money to supplement the family income either eat or buy school supplies for children.

scholarly journals Program Pengabdian Masyarakat Melalui Pengolahan Buah Kersen (Muntingia Calabura L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Jamilatur Rohmah ◽  
Nurul Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Family Economy ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Concrete Solution ◽  
Home Industries ◽  
Muntingia Calabura ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRAK Desa Keboharan merupakan desa yang masuk pada wilayah kecamatan Krian kabupaten Sidoarjo. Sebagian besar masyarakat desa Keboharan adalah petani sawah dan buruh pabrik. Masyarakatnya memiliki potensi yang bisa dikembangkan, antara lain bidang pertanian dan industri rumah tangga, di bidang sosial memiliki PKK (Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga). PKK dusun Boharan dan Patoman merupakan salah satu wadah organisasi perempuan di desa Keboharan, Kecamatan Krian, Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Ibu-ibu PKK desa Keboharan memiliki latar belakang pendidikan yang beragam tetapi rata-rata hanya lulusan SMP dan SMA, dengan keadaan ekonomi keluarga yang berada pada ekonomi menengah ke bawah yang sebagian besar diantaranya adalah sebagai ibu rumah tangga. Hasil analisis menunjukkan belum optimalnya kegiatan PKK, yang disebabkan karena keterbatasan kemampuan dan keilmuan ibu-ibu PKK. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu solusi yang konkret sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan keberdayaan ibu-ibu PKK tersebut melalui Program Pengabdian Masyarakat (PPM) berupa pelatihan pembuatan sabun dan detergen yakni sabun dan detergen cair herbal antibakteri ekstrak buah kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) beserta cara pengemasan produk dan pemasarannya. Pemilihan alternatif ini didasarkan pada kebutuhan akan keterampilan dan pengetahuan, yang dapat dijadikan bekal ibu-ibu PKK di desa Keboharan untuk merintis usaha serta latihan keterampilan. Selain itu di desa Keboharan banyak tumbuh tanaman kersen. Sehingga dengan adanya kegiatan ini diharapkan ibu-ibu PKK dapat melengkapi wawasan pengetahuan dan keterampilannya dalam berbagai segi kehidupan keluarga yang dapat digunakan sebagai bekal untuk membuka usaha keluarga yang pada akhirnya dapat menambah pemasukan keluarga dan menunjukkan eksistensi dirinya. Kata-kata kunci: buah kersen (Muntingia calabura L.), PPM, pemberdayaan. ABSTRACT Keboharan village is a village that enters the district of Krian Sidoarjo. Most of Keboharan villagers are farmers and factory workers. The villagers have a potential that can be developed, such as agriculture and home industries, in the social field has PKK (Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga). PKK in Boharan and Patoman hamlet is one of the organization of women in Keboharan village, Krian sub-district, Sidoarjo district, East Java Province. PKK woman in Keboharan village has diverse educational background but on average only junior and senior high school graduates, with the state of the family economy in the middle to lower economy, most of whom are as housewives. The analysis shows that the PKK activity is not optimal, due to the limited ability and knowledge of PKK woman. Therefore we need a concrete solution as an effort to improve the empowerment of PKK woman through Community Service Program (PPM) in the form of training of soap and liquid detergent antibacterial herb extract Muntingia calabura L. along with the way of packaging products and marketing. The selection of these alternatives is based on the need for skills and knowledge that PKK woman in Keboharan village can be used to pioneer the business and practice these skills. In addition Keboharan village grows many Muntingia calabura L. plants. So with the existence of this activity is expected to PKK woman can complement the knowledge and skills in various aspects of family life that can be used to participate to meet the needs of his family so that can eventually increase family income and also to show his existence. Keywords: kersen (Muntingia calabura L.), PPM, empowerment.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pelayanan Kesehatan terhadap Gizi Buruk Anak Usia 6 _ 24 Bulan

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Erna Kusumawati ◽  
Setiyowati Rahardjo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Use Of Health Services

Gizi kurang dan gizi buruk merupakan penyebab kematian sekitar 55% anak di bawah usia lima tahun di seluruh dunia. Kelompok usia 6 – 24 bulan merupakan masa kritis anak karena selain merupakan periode pertumbuhan kritis juga karena kegagalan tumbuh mulai terlihat. Tujuan penelitianini adalah menilai faktor risiko gizi buruk anak usia 6 – 24 bulan dalam upaya mengendalikan pencegahan dan pengendalian gizi buruk. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan studi kasus kontrol pendekatan retrospektif. Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh adalah pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan(odds ratio, OR = 12,5), penyakit infeksi (OR = 4,04), pola asuh makan (OR = 4,8); dan pendapatan keluarga (OR = 5,8). Peningkatan status gizi anak diupayakan dengan meningkatkan peran posyandu dan ibu dalam upayapencegahan penyakit infeksi serta mensosialisasikan menu gizi seimbang agar anak dapat tumbuh dan kembang secara optimal.Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, gizi buruk, anak 6 – 24 bulanAbstractMalnutrition is the cause of death of about 55% of children under the age of five worldwide. A critical period happen on children aged between 6 and 24 months because those ranges of age groups indicate extremely serious condition regarding their growth. The objective of this research was to identifyrisk factors for the occurrence of malnutrition on children between 6 and 24 months at the Health Center of Kembaran I, Banyumas Regency as an effort to develop a model for controlling them. This research used a case control design with a retrospective approach towards eighty-six children. Data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate (logistic regression) methods The risk factors that influenced to the occurrence of malnutrition were the use of health services (odds ratio, OR = 12,5); infectious diseases (OR = 4,04); eating pattern (OR = 4,8); and family income (OR = 5,8). As a suggestion, to improve a nutrition status on children, it needs to increase roles of an integrated services post and roles of mothers as efforts to prevent infectious diseases and socialize balanced nutrition menu to achieve a child’s growth and development optimally.Key words: Risk factors, malnutrition, children aged between 6 and 24 months

scholarly journals Effects of Income and Material Deprivation on Children’s Life Satisfaction: Evidence from Longitudinal Data for England (2009–2018)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundi Knies
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Material Deprivation ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Children’S Life Satisfaction

AbstractA plethora of research shows that income is an important factor in adult’s life satisfaction, but research ascertaining its importance for children’s life satisfaction is scant. Using a largescale nationally representative longitudinal survey with children aged 10–15, we estimate comprehensive life satisfaction models that account for heterogeneity in exogenous circumstances in children’s lives, focussing on family income and material deprivation. We find empirical support for the hypothesis that children are more satisfied with their lives, the more income their family has and the less material deprivation they experience throughout their teens. There are, however, differences across age groups with children aged 12–15 experiencing greater life satisfaction losses on account of lower family material wellbeing than younger children. Overall, income effects for older children are small but statistically significant when accounting for unobserved individual differences.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Use of Smart Devices in Children Aged Five Years or Less and Associated Factors in Kuwait

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Shamsah ◽  
Basma Al-Twari ◽  
Fatma Jamal ◽  
Latifa Al-farhan ◽  
Madawi Al-mass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽  
The Family ◽  
Potential Risks

Abstract BackgroundThis study aimed to find prevalence of use of smart devices in children aged five years or less and associated factors in KuwaitMethodsA cross-sectional study of 964 parents conducted by distributing a questionnaire. Following the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendations for the smart devices use in children, our population was divided into two groups (less than 2 years old and 2-5 years old).Results Reported prevalence of use was 53.2% in children less than 2 years old and 86.3% in 2-5 years old. A significantly higher mean age of fathers was seen in children who used smart devices compared to those who did not in both age groups. The use of smart devices in children less than 2 years was significantly associated with Kuwaiti nationality, family income and governorate. In addition, the higher the family income, the more the use of smart devices. The highest use of smart devices was seen in Capital (60%) and Ahmadi (58.3%). While the lowest was seen in Jahra (30%). In both age groups, most of the parents who reported the smart devices use in their children knew that its use at early age might harm their child. ConclusionYoung children use of smart devices is prevalent in Kuwait. Campaigns need to be carried out to increase parents’ knowledge about the potential risks of smart devices on children’s brains and development.

scholarly journals Hospitalizations among older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 3s ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Moreira de Melo-Silva ◽  
Juliana Vaz de Melo Mambrini ◽  
Paulo Roberto Borges de Souza Junior ◽  
Fabíola Bof de Andrade ◽  
Maria Fernanda Lima-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
The North ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Population Attributable Risks ◽  
Use Of Health Services

OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors associated with hospital use and their frequency in a nationally representative sample of the Brazilian population aged 50 years or older. METHODS: Data from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), conducted in 2015-2016, were used. Predisposing, enabling and need factors for the use of health services were considered. The analyzes were based on the Hurdle regression model and on estimates of population attributable risks. RESULTS: Among 9,389 participants, 10.2% had been hospitalized in the previous 12 months. After adjusting for potential confounding variables, statistically significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed for need factors (previous medical diagnosis for chronic diseases and limitation to perform basic activities of daily living) and for enabling factors (living in a rural area and in the North and Midwest regions of the country). The analysis of population attributable risks (PAR) showed a hierarchy of the need factors for the occurrence of hospitalizations, with higher contributions by stroke (PAR = 10.7%) and cardiovascular disease (PAR = 10.0%), followed by cancer (PAR = 8.9%), difficulty to perform basic activities of daily living (PAR = 6.8%), depression (PAR = 5.5%), diabetes (PAR = 4.4% ) and hypertension (PAR = 2.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Four of the major diseases associated with hospitalizations (stroke, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and hypertension) are part of the Brazilian list of primary care-sensitive hospitalizations. These results show that there is a window of opportunity to reduce unnecessary hospitalizations among older Brazilian adults through effective primary care actions.

Assessment of the Dietary Intakes of 6- and 12-Month-Old Infants in Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Riyadh A. Alzaheb ◽  
Norah Alatawi ◽  
Khawla A. Daoud ◽  
Naema Altawil
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Dietary Survey ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
24 Hour Recall ◽  
Adequate Nutrient ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract.Background: Establishing understanding of infants’ dietary intakes can support interventions to improve their diets and overall health. Because information on the dietary intakes of infants aged ≤12 months in Saudi Arabia is scarce, this study examined the diets of infants aged 6 and 12 months in Saudi Arabia and determined their main dietary sources of total energy and macronutrients. Methods: A crosssectional dietary survey employing a single 24-hour recall was performed between May and December 2015 with a sample of mothers of 278 healthy 6-month-old and 259 12-month-old infants. An analysis of the dietary intake data determined the nutrient intake adequacy and the percentage contributions of foods to energy and macronutrient intakes. Results: The respective mean daily energy intakes of the 6-month-old and 12-month-old infants in the study were 703 kcal and 929 kcal. Both age groups recorded adequate nutrient intakes, with the exception that the 6-month-olds’ mean vitamin D intake fell below the recommended Adequate Intake (AI), and the 12-month-olds’ intakes of omega-6 fatty acids and vitamin D were also below the AI, along with their iron intake which fell short of the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Conclusion: The data generated here will assist health professionals in planning interventions which aim to improve infants’ diets and to offer guidance to parents on the appropriate selection of food for their infants.

The Adult as Foe or Friend?: Childism in Guus Kuijer's Criticism and Fiction

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Joosen
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Children's Books ◽  
Children’S Books ◽  
Memorial Award ◽  
Adult Reader ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Selection Of

Compared to the attention that children's literature scholars have paid to the construction of childhood in children's literature and the role of adults as authors, mediators and readers of children's books, few researchers have made a systematic study of adults as characters in children's books. This article analyses the construction of adulthood in a selection of texts by the Dutch author and Astrid Lindgren Memorial Award winner Guus Kuijer and connects them with Elisabeth Young-Bruehl's recent concept of ‘childism’ – a form of prejudice targeted against children. Whereas Kuijer published a severe critique of adulthood in Het geminachte kind [The despised child] (1980), in his literary works he explores a variety of positions that adults can take towards children, with varying degrees of childist features. Such a systematic and comparative analysis of the way grown-ups are characterised in children's texts helps to shed light on a didactic potential that materialises in different adult subject positions. After all, not only literary and artistic aspects of children's literature may be aimed at the adult reader (as well as the child), but also the didactic aspect of children's books can cross over between different age groups.

Information Practices of Baby Boomers as Caregivers

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khuan Seow ◽  
Nadia Caidi
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Maladie D’Alzheimer ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Family ◽  
Growing Age

Canada has an aging population with the fastest growing age groups (80 and 45-64 years old) vulnerable to age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Caregiving responsibilities often fall to the family members of the afflicted without much attention and consideration being placed on the information needs of these caregivers. We call for a better understanding of these caregivers' information needs and uses by social policy makers as well as information providers.La population du Canada a tendance à vieillir considérablement, avec la hausse la plus rapide dans les groupes d’âge (80 et 45 à 64 ans). Les personnes âges sont très vulnérables à toute sorte de maladies, telles que la maladie d’Alzheimer. La responsabilité revient souvent aux membres de la famille qui doivent prendre soin des personnes atteintes de cette maladie. Or, nous ne connaissons que peu de chose sur les besoins en information des personnes qui prennent soin de ces malades de l’Alzheimer : qui sont-ils ? Quelles sont leurs sources... 

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