scholarly journals Impact of Age, Menopause, and Obesity on Oxylipins Linked to Vascular Health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha D. Pauls ◽  
Youjia Du ◽  
Luc Clair ◽  
Tanja Winter ◽  
Harold M. Aukema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Young Females ◽  
12 Lipoxygenase

Objective: Cardiovascular disease, a major cause of mortality and morbidity, exhibits sexual dimorphism since the onset of cardiovascular disease occurs later in women than in men. The loss of cardioprotection in older women may be due to an increase in arterial stiffness after menopause. Free fatty acid metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids, called oxylipins, are known to impact vessel function and may be responsible for the vascular benefits of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objectives of this study were to compare the plasma oxylipin profiles of young females (20–55 years), older females (55 + ), and older males (55 + ) and to identify associations between oxylipins and cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as obesity and arterial stiffness. Approach and Results: We quantified plasma oxylipins by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in archived samples taken from completed clinical trials. We identified 3 major 12-lipoxygenase products, 12-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid, 12-hydroxy-eicosapentaenoic acid, and 14-hydroxy-docosahexaenoic acid, that are present at high levels in young females compared with older females and males. These oxylipins also decreased with obesity and displayed robust negative associations with arterial stiffness as assessed by brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. According to multiple linear regression modeling, these associations were maintained even after correcting for body mass index category combined with either age, menopausal status, or estradiol levels. Using linear discriminant analysis, the combination of these 3 oxylipins effectively distinguished participants according to both brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity risk group and age. Conclusions: Higher 12-lipoxygenase oxylipin plasma concentrations associated with lower arterial stiffness in premenopausal females may be an important contributing factor to sex differences in cardiovascular disease. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifiers: NCT01661543, NCT01562171, NCT01890330, NCT02571114 and NCT02317588.

scholarly journals Short-Term Prognostic Impact of Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults Without Prevalent Cardiovascular Disease

Hypertension ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 1373-1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther D. Kim ◽  
Shoshana H. Ballew ◽  
Hirofumi Tanaka ◽  
Gerardo Heiss ◽  
Josef Coresh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Bottom Quartile ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Arterial stiffness, represented as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), predicts cardiovascular disease (CVD). In older populations, however, this association seems attenuated. Moreover, the prognostic values of pulse wave velocity at different arterial segments and newer parameters like cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) remain unclear, especially in US older adults. In 3034 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants (66–90 years) without CVD, we examined the associations of 4 pulse wave velocity measures (cfPWV, heart-femoral, brachial-ankle, heart-ankle) and 2 new measures of arterial stiffness (CAVI and cardio-femoral vascular index derived from heart-ankle and heart-femoral, respectively) with incident CVD (coronary disease, stroke, and heart failure) and all-cause mortality. Over a median follow-up of 4.4 years, there were 168 incident CVD events and 244 deaths. Overall, stiffness measures did not show strong associations with CVD, except cfPWV, which demonstrated a J-shaped association even after adjusting for potential confounders (hazard ratio, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.08–3.09] in top quartile and 1.97 [1.14–3.39] in bottom quartile versus second bottom quartile). When each CVD was examined separately, heart failure was most robustly associated with higher cfPWV, and stroke was strongly associated with lower cfPWV. There were no significant associations with all-cause mortality. Among different measures of pulse wave velocity, cfPWV showed the strongest associations with CVD, especially heart failure, in older adults without CVD. Other pulse wave velocity measures had no strong associations. Our findings further support cfPWV as the index measure of arterial stiffness and the link of arterial stiffness to heart failure development but also suggest somewhat limited prognostic value of arterial stiffness in older adults overall.

scholarly journals Increased Arterial Stiffness in Adolescents With Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1983129
Author(s):  
Yvette E. Lentferink ◽  
Lisa A. J. Kromwijk ◽  
Marloes P. van der Aa ◽  
Catherijne A. J. Knibbe ◽  
Marja M. J. van der Vorst
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Increased arterial stiffness (AS) is an early sign of cardiovascular disease. Influence of weight, puberty, and insulin resistance (IR) on AS in adolescents is unclear. Therefore, this study compared AS, assessed with pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AIx), of adolescents with and without obesity and evaluated the influence of puberty and IR on AS. Sixty-two lean and 61 adolescents with obesity were included. Significantly higher PWV was observed in adolescents with obesity (4.1 ms−1 [2.4 to 5.6 ms−1] vs 3.6 ms−1 [0.4 to 6.1 ms−1]; P = .01), while AIx was not significant different. However, significantly higher AIx was observed in adolescents with obesity and IR (3.0 [−17.5% to 28.5%] vs −3.0 [−19.0% to 13.0%]; P = .01). For Tanner stages, no differences were observed. The higher PWV in adolescents with obesity and higher AIx in adolescents with obesity and IR both indicate an increased AS. Consequently, measurement of AS should be considered in adolescents with obesity and IR as part of cardiovascular risk assessment.

scholarly journals Habitual Night Eating Was Positively Associated With Progress of Arterial Stiffness in Chinese Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Zhang ◽  
Yuntao Wu ◽  
Muzi Na ◽  
Alice H. Lichtenstein ◽  
Aijun Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Night Eating

Background Night eating has been associated with an elevated risk of obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. However, there is no longitudinal study on whether habitual night eating, regardless of diet quality and energy intake, is associated with arterial stiffness, a major etiological factor in the development of cardiovascular disease. Methods and Results The study included 7771 adult participants without cardiovascular disease, cancer, or diabetes mellitus prior to dietary assessment by a validated food frequency questionnaire in 2014 through 2015. Participants were categorized into 3 groups based on self‐reported night‐eating habits: never or rarely, some days (1–5 times per week), or most days (6+ times per week). Arterial stiffness was assessed by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity at baseline and repeatedly during follow‐ups. Mean differences and 95% CIs in the yearly change rate of brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity across the 3 groups were calculated, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, total energy intake, diet quality, sleep quality, and other cardiovascular disease risk factors. At baseline, 6625 (85.2%), 610 (7.8%), and 536 (6.9%) participants reported night eating as never or rarely, some days, or most days, respectively. During a mean 3.19 years, we observed a positive association between night‐eating frequency and progression of arterial stiffness ( P trend=0.01). The adjusted difference in brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity change rate between the group that ate at night most days and the group that never or rarely ate at night was 14.1 (95% CI, 0.6–27.5) cm/s per year. This association was only significant in women, but not in men ( P interaction=0.03). Conclusions In an adult population free of major chronic diseases, habitual night eating was positively associated with the progression of arterial stiffness, a hallmark of arteriosclerosis and biological aging. Registration URL: https://www.chictr.org.cn ; Unique identifier: ChiCTR‐TNRC‐11001489.

Transitions in Metabolic Health and Associations With Arterial Stiffness Progression Across Body Mass Index Categories

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1270-1277
Author(s):  
Shouling Wu ◽  
Lulu Song ◽  
Lulin Wang ◽  
Shuohua Chen ◽  
Mingyang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obese ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Metabolically healthy obesity is an unstable state and its transition to a metabolically unhealthy phenotype confers an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, it remains unclear whether changes in metabolic health over time are associated with arterial stiffness progression, a key player in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the associations of changes in metabolic health across body mass index categories with arterial stiffness and its progression. This study included 22 153 participants without cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline from the Kailuan Study. Arterial stiffness was assessed using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity at baseline and repeated after a mean follow-up of 3.1 years. Changes in metabolic health across body mass index categories were evaluated between the first survey (2006–2007) and the first brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity measurement. Multivariate linear regression models were used. Among initial metabolically healthy obese individuals, 53.4% (n=928) converted to a metabolically unhealthy phenotype. Compared with metabolically healthy normal-weight individuals who remained metabolically healthy, metabolically healthy obese individuals who converted to a metabolically unhealthy phenotype showed a 110.7 (95% CI, 90.8–130.6) cm/s higher increase in baseline brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and a 22.8 (95% CI, 12.4–33.2) cm/s per year higher acceleration in arterial stiffness progression. Individuals who were initially metabolically unhealthy or converted so during follow-up across body mass index categories had higher baseline brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and arterial stiffness progression than those who remained metabolically healthy. These data suggest that metabolically healthy individuals who develop an unhealthy phenotype across all body mass index categories are at increased risks of arterial stiffness and its progression.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease and Pulse Wave Velocity: A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Lioufas ◽  
Carmel M. Hawley ◽  
James D. Cameron ◽  
Nigel D. Toussaint
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with excess cardiovascular mortality, resulting from both traditional and nontraditional, CKD-specific, cardiovascular risk factors. Nontraditional risk factors include the entity Chronic Kidney Disease–Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) which is characterised by disorders of bone and mineral metabolism, including biochemical abnormalities of hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism, renal osteodystrophy, and vascular calcification. Increased arterial stiffness in the CKD population can be attributed amongst other influences to progression of vascular calcification, with significant resultant contribution to the cardiovascular disease burden. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) measured over the carotid-femoral arterial segments is the noninvasive gold-standard technique for measurement of aortic stiffness and has been suggested as a surrogate cardiovascular end-point. A PWV value of 10 m/s or greater has been recommended as a suitable cut-off for an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality. CKD is a risk factor for an excessive rate of increase in aortic stiffness, reflected by increases in PWV, and increased aortic PWV in CKD shows faster progression than for individuals with normal kidney function. Patients with varying stages of CKD, as well as those on dialysis or with a kidney transplant, have different biological milieu which influence aortic stiffness and associated changes in PWV. This review discusses the pathophysiology of arterial stiffness with CKD and outlines the literature on PWV across the spectrum of CKD, highlighting that determination of arterial stiffness using aortic PWV can be a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool for assessing cardiovascular disease in the CKD population.

Utility of arterial stiffness assessment in children

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitanya Panchangam ◽  
Eric Dean Merrill ◽  
Geetha Raghuveer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Healthy Children

AbstractAtherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood. Prevention or containment of risk factors that accelerate atherosclerosis can delay the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Although current recommendations are to periodically screen for commonly prevailing risk factors for atherosclerosis in children, a single test that could quantify the cumulative effect of all risk factors on the vasculature, thus assessing arterial health, would be helpful in further stratifying risk. Measurement of pulse wave velocity and assessment of augmentation index – measures of arterial stiffness – are easy-to-use, non-invasive methods of examining arterial health. Various studies have assessed pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in children with commonly occurring conditions including obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidaemia, physical inactivity, chronic kidney disease, CHD and acquired heart diseases, and in children who were born premature or small for gestational age. This article summarises pulse wave velocity and augmentation index assessments and the effects of commonly prevailing chronic conditions on arterial health in children. In addition, currently available reference values for pulse wave velocity and augmentation index in healthy children are included. Further research to establish widely applicable normative values and the effect of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions on arterial health in children is needed.

scholarly journals Plasma expression of microRNA-425-5p and microRNA-451a as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delia Taverner ◽  
Dídac Llop ◽  
Roser Rosales ◽  
Raimon Ferré ◽  
Luis Masana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Epigenetic Biomarkers

AbstractTo validate in a cohort of 214 rheumatoid arthritis patients a panel of 10 plasmatic microRNAs, which we previously identified and that can facilitate earlier diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients. We identified 10 plasma miRs that were downregulated in male rheumatoid arthritis patients and in patients with acute myocardial infarction compared to controls suggesting that these microRNAs could be epigenetic biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Six of those microRNAs were validated in independent plasma samples from 214 rheumatoid arthritis patients and levels of expression were associated with surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease (carotid intima-media thickness, plaque formation, pulse wave velocity and distensibility) and with prior cardiovascular disease. Multivariate analyses adjusted for traditional confounders and treatments showed that decreased expression of microRNA-425-5p in men and decreased expression of microRNA-451 in women were significantly associated with increased (β = 0.072; p = 0.017) and decreased carotid intima-media thickness (β = −0.05; p = 0.013), respectively. MicroRNA-425-5p and microRNA-451 also increased the accuracy to discriminate patients with pathological carotid intima-media thickness by 1.8% (p = 0.036) in men and 3.5% (p = 0.027) in women, respectively. In addition, microRNA-425-5p increased the accuracy to discriminate male patients with prior cardiovascular disease by 3% (p = 0.008). Additionally, decreased expression of microRNA-451 was significantly associated with decreased pulse wave velocity (β = −0.72; p = 0.035) in overall rheumatoid arthritis population. Distensibility showed no significant association with expression levels of the microRNAs studied. We provide evidence of a possible role of microRNA-425-5p and microRNA-451 as useful epigenetic biomarkers to assess cardiovascular disease risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Association Between White Blood Cell Counts and Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Chinese Hypertensive Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

Angiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 000331972110211
Author(s):  
Buyun Jia ◽  
Chongfei Jiang ◽  
Yun Song ◽  
Chenfangyuan Duan ◽  
Lishun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Wbc Count

Increased arterial stiffness is highly prevalent in patients with hypertension and is associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk. Increased white blood cell (WBC) counts may also be an independent risk factor for arterial stiffness and CV events. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between differential WBC counts and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) in hypertensive adults. A total of 14 390 participants were included in the final analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was applied for the correlation analysis of WBC count and baPWV. Higher WBC counts were associated with a greater baPWV: adjusted β = 10 (95% CI, 8-13, P < .001). The same significant association was also found when WBC count was assessed as categories or quartiles. In addition, the effect of differential WBC subtypes, including neutrophil count and lymphocyte count on baPWV, showed the similar results. These findings showed that baPWV has positive associations with differential WBC counts in hypertensive adults.

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