Abstract P261: Performing Recommended Physical Activity and Insulin Sensitivity by Body Mass Index, among US Adolescents: NHANES 1999–2006

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
MinKyoung Song ◽  
Dianna D Carroll ◽  
Giuseppina Imperatore ◽  
Carl J Caspersen ◽  
Janet E Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Enhance Insulin Sensitivity

Introduction: Physical activity may enhance insulin sensitivity in youth, thereby reducing future risk of type 2 diabetes. However, no studies report the association between performing aerobic- or muscle-strengthening (MS) activities recommended in the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans and insulin sensitivity, especially by body mass index (BMI) levels. Objective: To assess the association between meeting aerobic or muscle-strengthening guidelines and insulin sensitivity overall, and by BMI levels, in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents. Methods: We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2006) data for 2251 adolescents aged 12–17 years who answered 10 interviewer-administered physical activity questions. Adolescents met the aerobic guideline with ≥60 minutes/day of moderate- or vigorous- intensity level aerobic activities, and the MS guideline with ≥3 days/week of activities such as weight lifting or push-ups. We estimated insulin sensitivity via the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) calculated as 100/[log fasting insulin (μ U/mL) + log fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)]. We used multivariable linear regression to assess the association between meeting the aerobic or MS guideline and insulin sensitivity overall, and by BMI levels (<85, 85–94, and ≥95 percentile), adjusting for demographics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, and family poverty income ratio). Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: For these US adolescents, 40.6% [95% confidence interval (CI), 37.2, 44.1] met the aerobic guideline, 37.5% [34.2, 40.9] met the MS guideline, and their mean QUICKI value was 35.0 [34.7, 35.3]. With no adjustments, we found significantly higher insulin sensitivity values for meeting the aerobic guideline (ß=0.43 [0.04, 0.83]) and the MS guideline (ß=0.70 [0.24, 1.16]). After adjusting for demographics and meeting the aerobic guideline, adolescents meeting the MS guideline still had significantly higher levels of insulin sensitivity (ß=0.58 [0.08, 1.08]) which remained significant only for obese adolescents (BMI ≥95 percentile) (ß=0.87 [0.30, 1.45]) when stratified on weight status. With similar adjustments including meeting the MS guideline, those meeting the aerobic guideline did not have significantly higher QUICKI values. Conclusions: We found a significant positive association between meeting the MS guideline and insulin sensitivity among US adolescents who are obese. Increasing participation in MS activities might viably enhance insulin sensitivity among obese US adolescents to reduce future diabetes risk.

scholarly journals Effect of Children’s Weight Status on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior during Physical Education, Recess, and After School

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2651
Author(s):  
Zachary C. Pope ◽  
Charles Huang ◽  
David Stodden ◽  
Daniel J. McDonough ◽  
Zan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
After School ◽  
Healthy Weight

Children’s body mass index may affect physical activity (PA) participation. Therefore, this study examined the effect of children’s weight status on underserved elementary school children’s PA and sedentary behavior (SB) throughout the segmented day. Participants were 138 children (X¯age = 8.14 years). Children’s height and weight were measured with subsequent classification of children as healthy weight or overweight/obese. Durations of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA (LPA), and SB during physical education (PE), morning recess, lunch recess, after school, and overall were assessed via accelerometry over three days. Independent t-tests evaluated differences in children’s MVPA, LPA, and SB during each daily segment by weight status. Significantly higher MVPA was observed for children of healthy weight status versus children with overweight/obesity during morning recess, t(136) = 2.15, p = 0.03, after school, t(136) = 2.68, p < 0.01, and overall, t(136) = 2.65, p < 0.01. Interestingly, comparisons of children of healthy weight status and children with overweight/obesity’s LPA and SB during the after-school segment revealed a trend wherein children with overweight/obesity participated in slightly greater LPA/less SB than children of healthy weight status. Higher MVPA was observed among children of healthy weight versus children with overweight/obesity during most daily segments. Concerted efforts should focus on increasing MVPA among children with overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Perceived Body Image, Body Mass Index and Physical Activity with Weight Status among Students at King Abdulaziz University Hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Futoon S. Alobiri ◽  
Roaa A. Alharbi ◽  
Mohammed R. Algethami ◽  
Raghdah H. Ateeq ◽  
Aseel M. Badurayq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
King Abdulaziz University

Aim: Identify the relation between poor esteem for body image and weight-related behaviors. The results will help increase awareness and improve students’ lifestyles to have a better body image and achieve ideal body weight. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among King Abdulaziz University medical students (n= 460) between July to the end of August 2019. Data was collected using the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), figure rating scale (FRS) and analyzed using SPSS software. Result: The results showed that the average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 24.80 ± 11.89. Participant sex was an important factor influencing the prevalence of obesity; male students were more obese than female students with a significant difference (p<0.001). The level of body satisfaction was also affected by gender. Students in preclinical years were more likely to gain weight more than clinical years students. Conclusion: The results show a significant relationship between body satisfaction and gender (P<0.0001) despite having diverse BMIs. Overweight and obese males and females' participants had the lowest body satisfaction. Females who were too thin and had low BMIs described themselves as normal, while males describe themselves as too thin. Conversely, females with high BMIs described themselves as too fat, while males described themselves as normal. This could be due to different factors. Also, underweight females and males have high body satisfaction, which can lead to dangerous behaviors to maintain low body weight which cause negative health consequences.

scholarly journals Associations between Park and Playground Availability and Proximity and Children’s Physical Activity and Body Mass Index: The BEACH Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Javier Molina-García ◽  
Cristina Menescardi ◽  
Isaac Estevan ◽  
Ana Queralt
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parent Questionnaire

A cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the availability and proximity to parks and playgrounds and physical activity (PA). Moreover, the accessibility to parks and playgrounds and its association with active commuting to/from school (ACS) and body mass index (BMI) were analyzed. The sample was composed of children aged 6–12 years old from the BEACH (Built Environment and Active CHildren) study in Valencia, Spain. The availability and proximity to parks and playgrounds were calculated at different buffer sizes (250, 500, 1000 and 1250 m) using geographical information system data. PA out of school was assessed using accelerometers. Sociodemographics and ACS were measured with a parent questionnaire. Objectively measured weight and height were used to calculate BMI. Mixed linear regression analyses were conducted for each exposure variable, adjusting for sociodemographics, neighborhood walkability level, and participant clustering. The number of parks and playgrounds were positively associated with moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) and total PA (TPA); including light PA and MVPA, during weekdays, in different buffer sizes. A negative relationship between distance to the nearest playground and TPA during weekdays was found. In addition, the number of playgrounds was positively related to ACS in different buffer sizes, whereas park land area was negatively related to the BMI percentile. This study highlights the importance of assessing the availability and proximity to parks and playgrounds in children’s neighborhoods when PA behavior and weight status are analyzed. Study findings may help policymakers when targeting interventions to promote health-enhancing behaviors in children.

scholarly journals Determinants of weight status for the residents of the northwest arctic borough of Alaska

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne A. Lewis ◽  
Anshul Pandya
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation

While the consumption of a market-based diet is increasing, subsistence food still forms a part of caloric intake for Northwest Arctic Borough of Alaska residents. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of consumption of a market-based diet compared to a subsistence diet on the body mass index (BMI) of the people living in this region.  For this, 82 adult participants were recruited, and their weight and height were measured to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI). The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire that included questions about their family background, lifestyle, physical fitness and dietary patterns. Linear regression models were used to examine BMI's association with variables of diet and physical activity, followed by correlational analysis between BMI and these variables. No significant correlation was identified between BMI and how often people ate a subsistence-based diet. A strong positive correlation was found between BMI and how often people eat food prepared in a restaurant or ate fast food and junk food. A strong negative correlation was found between BMI and frequency of exercise by the participants. Physical activity and consumption of a western diet rather than a subsistence diet are more significant determinants of BMI among Northwest Arctic Borough of Alaska residents. These results can be used as a baseline for further studies linking diet and health outcomes among this region's residents.

Compliance With 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in Hong Kong Adolescents: Associations With Weight Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shi ◽  
Wendy Yajun Huang ◽  
Cindy Hui-Ping Sit ◽  
Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Hong Kong Adolescents

Background: This study examined the compliance with the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines among Hong Kong adolescents and its associations with body mass index (BMI). Methods: A total of 1039 adolescents (11–18 y) wore the activPAL™ for 24 hours for 7 consecutive days to assess physical activity (PA) and sleep duration. Screen time was measured using the Children’s Leisure Activities Study Survey (Chinese version). Linear mixed models were performed for analysis. Results: The analytic sample consisted of 692 adolescents (53% girls). Only 1.0% of the adolescents met all of the recommendations. The proportions of adolescents who met the recommendation for PA, screen time, and sleep were 9.1%, 31.2%, and 38.6%, respectively. Adolescent boys who did not meet the PA recommendation (β = 3.36; 95% CI, 1.04 to 5.68; P = .001) and those who did not meet the combination of PA and sleep recommendations (β = 2.10, 95% CI, 0.64 to 3.56; P = .01) had a higher body mass index than those who met the respective recommendations. Conclusions: Compliance with the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines was alarmingly low among Hong Kong adolescents. Meeting the PA recommendation or the combination of PA and sleep recommendations was associated with a healthier body weight in boys.

scholarly journals Associations of Body Mass Index, Motor Performance, and Perceived Athletic Competence with Physical Activity in Normal Weight and Overweight Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle M. Morrison ◽  
John Cairney ◽  
Joe Eisenmann ◽  
Karin Pfeiffer ◽  
Dan Gould
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Motor Performance ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Athletic Competence ◽  
Skill Performance

Children who are overweight and obese display lower physical activity levels than normal weight peers. Measures of weight status, perceived motor competence, and motor skill performance have been identified as potential correlates explaining this discrepancy. 1881 children (955 males; 926 females; 9.9 years) were assessed as part of the Physical Health Activity Study Team project. The age, habitual physical activity participation (PAP), body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), motor performance (MP), and perceived athletic competence (PAC) of each child included were assessed. Gender-specific linear regression analyses (main effects model) were conducted to identify the percent variance in PAP explained by the following variables: BMI, MP, and PAC. For males, 18.3% of the variance in PAP was explained by BMI, MP, and PAC. PAC explained 17% of the variance, while MP, BMI, and SES only accounted for 0.6%, 0.7%, and 0.5%, respectively. PAC explained 17.5% of PAP variance in females; MP explained 0.8%. BMI, SES, and chronological age were not significant correlates of PAP in girls. An established repertoire of motor skill performance has been seen as a vehicle to PAP in children; however, this study indicates that PAC should not be overlooked in intervention strategies to promote increased PAP.

scholarly journals Racial Differences In Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity and Mitochondrial Capacity in the Absence of Obesity

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 4307-4314 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. DeLany ◽  
John J. Dubé ◽  
Robert A. Standley ◽  
Giovanna Distefano ◽  
Bret H. Goodpaster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mitochondrial Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Mitochondrial Capacity

Context: African-American women (AAW) have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared with Caucasian women (CW). Lower insulin sensitivity has been reported in AAW, but the reasons for this racial difference and the contributions of liver versus skeletal muscle are incompletely understood. Objective: We tested the hypothesis that young, nonobese AAW manifest lower insulin sensitivity specific to skeletal muscle, not liver, and is accompanied by lower skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Participants and Main Outcome Measures: Twenty-two nonobese (body mass index 22.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2) AAW and 22 matched CW (body mass index 22.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2) underwent characterization of body composition, objectively assessed habitual physical activity, and insulin sensitivity with euglycemic clamps and stable-isotope tracers. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed for lipid content, fiber typing, and mitochondrial measurements. Results: Peripheral insulin sensitivity was 26% lower in AAW (P &lt; .01), but hepatic insulin sensitivity was similar between groups. Physical activity levels were similar between groups. Lower insulin sensitivity in AAW was not explained by total or central adiposity. Skeletal muscle triglyceride content was similar, but mitochondrial content was lower in AAW. Mitochondrial respiration was 24% lower in AAW and correlated with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (r = 0.33, P &lt; .05). Conclusion: When compared with CW, AAW have similar hepatic insulin sensitivity but a muscle phenotype characterized by both lower insulin sensitivity and lower mitochondrial oxidative capacity. These observations occur in the absence of obesity and are not explained by physical activity. The only factor associated with lower insulin sensitivity in AAW was mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Because exercise training improves both mitochondrial capacity and insulin sensitivity, we suggest that it may be of particular benefit as a strategy for diabetes prevention in AAW.

How Does the Relationship Between Motor Skill Performance and Body Mass Index Impact Physical Activity in Preschool Children?

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Guo ◽  
Michaela A. Schenkelberg ◽  
Jennifer R. O’Neill ◽  
Marsha Dowda ◽  
Russell R. Pate
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Parent Education ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Motor Skill ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Object Control ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:To determine if weight status modifies the relationship between motor skill (MS) performance and physical activity (PA) in preschoolers.Methods:Preschoolers (N = 227, age 3–5 y) were recruited from 22 preschools. Preschoolers’ MS (locomotor, object control, and total MS) were assessed with the Children’s Activity and Movement in Preschool Study MS protocol. PA was measured by accelerometry. Mixed linear models were used to examine the relationship of MS performance and body mass index (BMI)zscore to PA. Models were adjusted for age, race, sex, and parent education, with preschool as a random effect.Results:There was a significant correlation between MS performance and PA (r = .14–.17,P < .05). A significant interaction was observed between BMIzscore and object control, and between BMIzscore and total MS score on PA (P = .03). Preschoolers with higher BMIzscores and high object control scores engaged in significantly (P = .03) more PA than preschoolers with lower BMIzscores and high object control scores (PA = 15.04 min/h and 13.54 min/h, respectively). Similarly, preschoolers with higher BMIzscores and high total MS scores spent significantly (P = .01) more time in PA compared with those with lower BMIzscores and high total MS scores (PA = 15.65 min/h and 13.91 min/h, respectively).Conclusion:Preschool children’s MS performance is positively correlated with PA, and BMIzscore modified the relationship between MS performance and PA.

Intensity of Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Body Mass Index in Youth

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luisa Aires ◽  
Pedro Silva ◽  
Gustavo Silva ◽  
Maria Paula Santos ◽  
José Carlos Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shuttle Run

Background:The purpose of this study was to analyze the relation between body mass index (BMI), Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF), and levels of physical activity (PA) from sedentary to very vigorous intensities, measured by accelerometry, in students from a middle and high school.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 111 children and adolescents, age 11 to 18 years. PA was assessed with an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days (1 minute epoch) using specific cut-points. PA components were derived using special written software (MAHUffe). CRF was assessed by maximal multistage 20m shuttle run. T-test was used to test differences between BMI groups, Pearson’s correlation, to analyze correlations between all variables and multinomial logistic regression, and to predict the value of BMI categories.Results:This paper provides evidence that BMI was inversely and significantly correlated with CRF. Only CRF was correlated with Vigorous and Very Vigorous PA levels and total amount of PA. Children with Overweight/Obesity were less likely to perform more laps than normal weight counterparts. The total amount or intensity level of PA did not show any influence on BMI level.Conclusions:Low CRF is strongly associated with obesity, which highlights the importance of increasing CRF for a protective effect even in youth. No associations were found for PA and BMI.

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