Abstract 20129: Polyunsaturated Fat Intake Estimated by Circulating Biomarkers is Inversely Associated with Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality in a Large Population-Based Cohort of Swedish Women and Men

Increased intake of certain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in place of saturated fatty acids has shown beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, although results are inconsistent. This may partly be explained by sex differences and shortcomings with self-reported intake data. The objective was to evaluate associations between markers of PUFA intake, from vegetable oils and fish, with CVD incidence and mortality (all-cause). In a representative population-based prospective cohort study including 2193 women and 2039 men (all aged 60 y) in Stockholm County, Sweden, PUFA were measured in serum cholesteryl esters by gas chromatography at baseline (1997-1998). Using national registers, 484 first CVD events (male, n=294; female, n=190) and 456 deaths (n=265; n=191) were identified during follow-up (median 14.5y), in individuals without prior CVD events at baseline. Associations between PUFA intake (assessed by circulating PUFA [linoleic acid, LA; α-linolenic acid, ALA; eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA; docosahexaenoic acid, DHA]) and risk of CVD and mortality were evaluated in men and women separately and together, by Cox proportional hazard models. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were estimated in crude models and after adjusting for BMI, sex, education, smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. In the whole population, EPA and DHA were inversely associated with mortality risk in adjusted model; 1 SD increment in EPA and DHA decreased the risk of mortality by 21% (HR 0.79 [95%CI 0.65-0.96]) and 22% (0.78 [0.66, 0.93]), respectively. Among women, EPA and DHA were associated with reduced CVD risk (HR 0.79 [95% CI 0.64-0.97] and 0.74 [0.61-0.89], respectively), whereas women with high ALA levels had moderately increased risk of CVD (1.16 [1.02-1.32]). High LA levels were associated with reduced mortality in men (0.73 [0.64-0.83]). In line with some previous studies, circulating PUFA reflecting dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA intake were in general inversely linked with CVD and/or mortality. Sex specific relations between PUFA and CVD/mortality motivate further investigations and may partly explain previous inconsistencies regarding dietary PUFA in CVD prevention.

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Plasma Fatty Acids in Zambian Adults with HIV/AIDS: Relation to Dietary Intake and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2015/635817 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christopher K. Nyirenda ◽

Edmond K. Kabagambe ◽

John R. Koethe ◽

James N. Kiage ◽

Benjamin H. Chi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Arachidonic Acid ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pufa Intake ◽

Aids Progression ◽

Hiv Aids

Objective. To determine whether 24 hr dietary recalls (DR) are a good measure of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake when compared to plasma levels, and whether plasma PUFA is associated with markers of HIV/AIDS progression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.Methods. In a cross-sectional study among 210 antiretroviral therapy-naïve HIV-infected adults from Lusaka, Zambia, we collected data on medical history and dietary intake using 24 hr DR. We measured fatty acids and markers of AIDS progression and CVD risk in fasting plasma collected at baseline.Results. PUFA intakes showed modest correlations with corresponding plasma levels; Spearman correlations were 0.36(p<0.01)for eicosapentaenoic acid and 0.21(p=0.005)for docosahexaenoic acid. While there were no significant associations(p>0.05)between total plasma PUFA and C-reactive protein (CRP) or lipid levels, plasma arachidonic acid was inversely associated with CRP and triglycerides and positively associated with HDL-C, CD4+ T-cell count, and plasma albumin(p<0.05). Plasma saturated fatty acids (SFA) were positively associated with CRP (β= 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.40,p=0.003) and triglycerides (β= 0.08; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.12,p<0.01).Conclusions. Our data suggest that a single DR is inadequate for assessing PUFA intake and that plasma arachidonic acid levels may modulate HIV/AIDS progression and CVD risk.

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Perbedaan Rasio Kolesterol Total/ HDL Kelompok Kontrol dan Kelompok Diet Tinggi Minyak Sawit pada Tikus Wistar

Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas ◽

10.25077/jka.v3i3.185 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Yelsa Yulanda Putri ◽

Ellyza Nasrul ◽

Susila Sastri

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Diet Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Post Test

AbstrakRasio kolesterol total/ HDL merupakan variabel lipoprotein terbaik dalam memprediksi risiko penyakit kardiovaskular. Peningkatan risiko penyakit kardiovaskular dapat disebabkan oleh tingginya kadar kolesterol serum. Minyak sawit mengandung 50% asam lemak jenuh dan 50% asam lemak tidak jenuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbedaan rasio kolesterol total/ HDL antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok diet tinggi minyak sawit pada tikus. Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan pendekatan post test only control group design. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 10 ekor tikus Wistar jantan yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (K) dan kelompok perlakuan (P). Diet tinggi minyak sawit (minyak sawit 42.5%, 3ml/hari) diberikan pada kelompok P selama empat minggu. Analisis data menggunakan uji t independent. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan peningkatan yang tidak bermakna antara kelompok P dan kelompok K pada rerata kolesterol, yaitu 63.66±9.9(P) 57.39±3.28(K) (p>0.05), rerata HDL 19.44±3.99(P) 17.64±2.00(K) (p>0.05), dan rerata rasio kolesterol total/ HDL 3.26±0.24 (P) 3.31±0.32 (K) (p>0.05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah kadar kolesterol total, HDL, dan rasio kolesterol total/ HDL pada kelompok kontrol dan kelompok diet tinggi minyak sawit tidak berbeda.Kata kunci: diet tinggi minyak sawit, kolesterol, HDL, rasio kolesterol/ HDLAbstractThe ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL is the lipoprotein variables best predict the risk of cardiovascular disease . The increased risk of cardiovascular disease can be caused by high levels of cholesterol exciting. Palm oil contains 50% saturated fatty acids and 50% unsaturated fatty acids. The purpose of this study was to know the differences ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL between the control group and high palm oil diet group in rats. This research was experimental with post-test only control group. The study sample consisted of 10 male Wistar rats were divided into control group (K) and treated group (P). High-palm oil diet (50% palm oil, 3ml/day) was given to the group P for four weeks. Analysis of data using independent t test. The results showed there were no significant differences in improvement between groups P and groups K in mean cholesterol, 63.66 ± 9.9 (P) 57.39 ± 3.28 (K) in (p> 0.05), mean HDL 19.44 ± 3.99 (P) 17.64 ± 2.00 (K) in (p> 0.05), and the mean ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL 3.26 ± 0.24 (P) 3.31 ± 0.32 (K) in (p>0.05). The conclusion of this study is total cholesterol, HDL, and the ratio of total cholesterol/ HDL in the control group and the high palm oil diet group did not differ.Keywords: high palm oil diet, cholesterol, HDL, ratio of cholesterol/HDL

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Cohort study on the effects of depression on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk in Korea

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026913 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. e026913 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yon Ho Jee ◽

Hyoungyoon Chang ◽

Keum Ji Jung ◽

Sun Ha Jee

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Western World ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

National Health Insurance System ◽

Increased Risk

ObjectivesDepression has been reported to be a risk factor of cardiovascular disease in the western world, but the association has not yet been studied among Asian populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether depression increases the risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in a large Korean cohort study.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingDatabase of National Health Insurance System, Republic of Korea.Participants481 355 Koreans (260 695 men and 220 660 women) aged 40–80 years who had a biennial health check-up between 2002 and 2005.Main outcome measureThe main outcome in this study was the first ASCVD event (hospital admission or death).ResultsDepression increased the risk of developing ASCVD by 41% for men and 48% for women. In men, 3–4 outpatient visits for depression increased the risk of angina pectoris by 2.12 times (95% CI 1.55 to 2.90) and acute myocardial infarction by 2.29 times (95% CI 1.33 to 3.95). Depression was also associated with stroke in men (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.39) and in women (HR 1.37, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.46). However, no increased risk of ASCVD was found for men who received 10 or more depressive treatments, compared with those without any outpatient visit for depression.ConclusionsIn this cohort, depressed people were at increased risk of ASCVD incidence. Therefore, individuals with depression may need routine monitoring of heart health that may prevent their future CVD risk.

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Positive Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: Findings from a Korean Population-Based Prospective Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020588 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 588

Author(s):

Imran Khan ◽

Minji Kwon ◽

Nitin Shivappa ◽

James R. Hébert ◽

Mi Kyung Kim

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Positive Association ◽

Population Based ◽

Proportional Hazard ◽

Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Inflammatory Index ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard ◽

Increased Risk

Recently, diets with higher inflammatory potentials based on the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) have been shown to be associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the general population. We aimed to prospectively investigate the association between the DII and CVD risk in the large Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study_Health Examination (KoGES_HEXA) cohort comprised of 162,773 participants (men 55,070; women 107,703). A validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) was used to calculate the DII score. Statistical analyses were performed by using a multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. During the mean follow-up of 7.4 years, 1111 cases of CVD were diagnosed. Higher DII score was associated with increased risk of CVD in men (hazard ratio [HR]Quintile 5 vs. 1 1.43; 95% CI 1.04–1.96) and in women (HRQuintile 5 vs. 1 1.19; 95% CI 0.85–1.67), although not significant for women. The risk of CVD was significantly higher in physically inactive men (HRQuintile 5 vs. 1 1.80; 95% CI 1.03–3.12), obese men (HRQuintile 5 vs. 1 1.77; 95% CI 1.13–2.76) and men who smoked (HRQuintile 5 vs. 1 1.60; 95% CI 1.10–2.33), respectively. The risk of developing stroke was significantly higher for men (HRQuintile 5 vs. 1 2.06; 95% CI 1.07–3.98; p = 0.003), but not for women. A pro-inflammatory diet, as indicated by higher DII scores, was associated with increased risk of CVD and stroke among men.

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Abstract P009: Dietary Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Incidence of Myocardial Infarction in Men - A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.131.suppl_1.p009 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Agneta Åkesson ◽

Charlotte Bergkvist ◽

Marika Bergkvist ◽

Anders Glynn ◽

Bettina Julin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Polychlorinated Biphenyls ◽

Fish Consumption ◽

Population Based ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Pcb Exposure

Introduction: Fish consumption may promote cardiovascular health. The role of major food contaminants present in fish, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is, however, largely unexplored. Experimental studies indicate that PCBs cause endothelial cell dysfunction, hyperlipidemia and hypertension and cross-sectional associations have been observed between PCB-biomarkers and several intermediate risk factors for cardiovascular disease. PCBs accumulate and magnify in the food chain and fatty fish is a dominating source of exposure in populations with a relatively high fish intake. We assessed the hypothesis that dietary PCB exposure is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and that the exposure may mask a protective association with marine omega-3 fish fatty acids intake. Methods: Validated food frequency questionnaire-based estimates of dietary PCB exposure was obtained at baseline (1997) in 36,759 men from the population-based Cohort of Swedish Men, free of cancer, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The estimated dietary PCB exposure was based on the food concentrations of PCB congener 153 at the time of baseline. PCB-153 is the most abundant congener in food and an excellent indicator for total PCB in food and in blood. The long-term dietary PCB exposure assessments showed acceptable validity against six PCB congeners in serum (correlation coefficients 0.30 to 0.58). Cases of MI were ascertained via register-linkage through 2010. Relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for known cardiovascular risk factors. : Results During 12 years of follow-up (433,243 person-years), we ascertained 3,005 incident cases of MI. The major dietary sources of PCB exposure was fish, dairy products and meat. Compared with the lowest quintile of dietary PCB exposure (median 113 ng/day), men in the highest quintile (median 436 ng/day) had multivariable-adjusted RR of 1.22 (95% CI, 1.05-1.41) for MI, without adjusting for the intake of marine omega-3 fish fatty acids. In a separate model, we observed no association between the intake of marine omega-3 fish fatty acids and MI (RR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.93-1.24). In mutually-adjusted models, dietary PCB exposure was associated with RR 1.72 (95% CI 1.28-2.30), and the intake of marine omega-3 fish fatty acids with RR, 0.67 (95% CI, 0.50-0.90), comparing highest quintiles with lowest. Conclusions: Exposure to an integrated measure of total PCBs from food was associated with increased risk of MI in men. The results may provide important information regarding the risk-benefit analysis of fish consumption. To increase the net benefits of fish consumption, PCB contamination should be reduced to a minimum: Future studies are needed to clarify the concentrations of PCBs that may offset the beneficial effects of fish consumption.

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Female Infertility and Cardiovascular Risk - A Hype or an Underestimated Reality?

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612826666200821114552 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (43) ◽

pp. 5551-5555

Author(s):

Julia K. Bosdou ◽

Panagiotis Anagnostis ◽

George T. Lainas ◽

Efstratios M. Kolibianakis

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Public Awareness ◽

Large Population ◽

Later Life ◽

Population Based ◽

Female Infertility ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Early Indicator ◽

Common Basis ◽

Increased Risk

Infertility may be an early indicator of later-life health risk development, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of death globally. Various infertility-associated factors such as female age, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis and metabolic syndrome are also risk factors for CVD. Whether there is a real association between female infertility and CVD, given that common pathways lead to both entities, or since both female infertility and CVD share a common basis, needs to be further investigated. If such an association is confirmed, infertile women might benefit from the initiation of preventive strategies aiming to control CVD risk factors. Thus, female infertility may represent an early indicator of future CVD and concomitantly a unique opportunity to identify women at increased risk for developing CVD. It is therefore imperative that large population- based studies are performed to elucidate this issue further and promote public awareness, if necessary.

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Saturated Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease: Replacements for Saturated Fat to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk

10.20944/preprints201705.0135.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Michelle A. Briggs ◽

Kristina S. Petersen ◽

Penny M. Kris-Etherton

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Dietary Recommendations ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Dairy Fat ◽

Refined Carbohydrates

Dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have focused on reducing intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA) for more than 50 years. While the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans advise substituting both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids for SFA, evidence supports other nutrient substitutions that will also reduce CVD risk. For example, replacing SFA with whole grains, but not refined carbohydrates, reduces CVD risk. Replacing SFA with protein, especially plant protein may also reduce CVD risk. While dairy fat (milk, cheese) is associated with a slightly lower CVD risk compared to meat, dairy fat results in a significantly greater CVD risk relative to unsaturated fatty acids. As research continues, we will refine our understanding of dietary patterns associated with lower CVD risk.

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Abstract 14731: Association of Longitudinal Changes in CRP, IL-6, and Fibrinogen Level With Cardiovascular Disease Events: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.14731 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Hooman Bakhshi ◽

Mohammad R Ostovaneh ◽

Bharath Ambale Venkatesh ◽

Matthew Allison ◽

David Herrington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Population Based ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Longitudinal Changes ◽

Inflammatory Biomarker ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

Background: Inflammatory biomarkers have been used for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk stratification. However, the relevance of longitudinal changes in levels of these biomarkers in relation to CVD is unclear. Methods: MESA is a population-based cohort consisting of 6814 participants free of symptomatic cardiovascular disease at baseline. We included all participants who had blood assayed for measurement of inflammatory biomarkers - C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and fibrinogen measured at baseline and follow-up 2-4 years later (n=1,362). Coronary heart disease (CHD) was assessed as any of myocardial infarction, resuscitated cardiac arrest, definite angina, probable angina (if followed by revascularization) and CHD death. CVD was considered a composite of CHD, stroke, stroke death, atherosclerotic death and CVD death. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to assess the association of annual longitudinal changes in inflammatory biomarker level and time to first CHD and CVD event after adjustment for traditional risk factors and demographics. Results: The mean (SD) age was 61.6 (9.8) years and 55% were male. Over 8.6 median (IQR, 8.4-9.3) years of follow-up, there were 87 CHD and 121 CVD events. The median (IQR) CRP (mg/L), IL-6 (pg/ml) and fibrinogen (mg/dl) levels at baseline were 1.74(0.82-3.95) 1.11(0.71-1.72) and 332(292-382); and at follow-up were 1.4(0.69-3.03), 1.76(1.16-2.72) and 421(371-476). An increase in IL6 of 1 pg/mL/year was associated with a 26% increased risk of total CVD events independent of risk factors, while an increase of 1 mg/L/year of CRP was independently associated with a 7% and 6% increased risk of both CHD and CVD events respectively. There were no significant associations with changes in fibrinogen. Conclusion: Longitudinal increases in the inflammatory biomarkers CRP and IL6 are associated with higher risk of future cardiovascular events in a multi-ethnic population.

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Association between Age at Menarche and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in China: A Large Population-Based Investigation

Cardiorenal Medicine ◽

10.1159/000445506 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 307-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yansong Zheng ◽

Guilan Zhang ◽

Zhilai Chen ◽

Qiang Zeng

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Educational Level ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Self Report ◽

Age At Menarche ◽

High Educational Level ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk

Background: The association between age at menarche (AAM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has previously been investigated with controversial results. The relationship between the psychological characteristic of AAM and many cardiovascular risk factors remains unclear. Purpose: To assess the association between AAM and CVD risk factors in a large population. Design and Setting: 13,242 women aged 24-79 years were recruited from China mainland during 2009-2013 for a cross-sectional, population-based study to investigate the association between AAM and CVD risk factors. Information on AAM was obtained from self-report and information on CVD risk factors from physical examination. Results: In age-, body-mass-index- and height-adjusted analyses, AAM was positively associated with hypertension and ‘college or above' educational level and incident CVD events. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% conﬁdence intervals for hypertension across AAM categories (≤12, 13-14, 15-16, and ≥17 years) were 0.820 (0.70-0.96), 0.82 (0.70-0.96), 0.88 (0.79-0.99) and 1 (referent), respectively; adjusted ORs for high educational level (‘college or above') were 0.29 (0.24-0.34), 0.60 (0.41-0.51), 0.69 (0.62-0.76), and 1 (referent), respectively; adjusted ORs for incident CVD events were 0.18 (0.08-0.41), 0.18 (0.08-0.41), 0.62 (0.41-0.93), 1 (referent), respectively. Conclusions: Earlier AAM were positively associated with incident CVD events, hypertension and ‘college or above' educational level.

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