scholarly journals The Telephone and Its Uses in 1980s U.S. Activism

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Keys
Keyword(s):  
Central America ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Human Voice ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Sensory Qualities ◽  
Landline Telephone ◽  
Significant Factors

Claims that today’s digital technologies are unprecedented in their effect on society are founded on a weak understanding of the roles played by pre-digital technologies. Although the landline phone was the most ubiquitous American technology of the twentieth century, and an important influence on social and political life, it has received little attention in most fields of scholarship. But widespread use of the landline telephone is key to explaining how activists in the U.S. Central America movement of the 1980s sustained their commitment and sense of community. Telephony’s emotional and sensory qualities, underpinned by the powers of the human voice, were significant factors in the Central America movement’s longevity and potency. Communications technology had a profound influence on the character and results of protest movements well before the digital age.

scholarly journals PRECEDENT PHENOMENA IN THE FRENCH PROTEST DISCOURSE OF 2018-2020 (POSTERS AND GRAFFITI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
O. E. Belkina ◽  
Yu. A. Balysh ◽  
M. K. Ogorodov
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Cultural Studies ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Successful Communication ◽  
The Media

The article dwells upon precedent phenomena in the French protest discourse of 2018-2020. The authors of the article analyze the precedent phenomena used in the slogans of the Yellow Vests movement, as well as opponents of the reform of the French pension system proposed by French President Emmanuel Macron. The analysis of the content of posters and graffiti that were published in the media and social networks made it possible to ascertain the high frequency of accessing precedent situations and texts, identifying their main sources, explaining the reasons for referring to these sources, and tracing the transformation of precedent statements in new contexts, and also understand how recently emerging protest movements, in turn, are becoming precedent. The results of the study led to the conclusion that the role of precedent phenomena is important, which perform not only informational, but also emotional-evaluative functions, which contribute to the consolidation of citizens in the struggle for their rights. It was also concluded that the cognitive base of foreign linguistic culture is necessary for successful communication and an adequate interpretation of texts created by representatives of this linguistic culture, and therefore the realities of the socio-political life of the country of the language being studied. The article contains a large number of examples. The article may be of interest to experts in the field of political discourse, communication and translation/interpretation. It can also be used for the purpose of linguistic and cultural studies.

scholarly journals Social Media in Russian Politics

Politologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-92
Author(s):  
Alexey Salikov
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
Russian Politics ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Impact

This paper considers the issue of the influence of social media on politics in Russia. Having emerged in the late 1990s as a tool for informal communication, social media became an important part of Russian socio-political life by the end of 2010s. The past two decades is a sufficient period of time to draw some intermediate conclusions of the impact of social media on the political development of the country. To do this is the main goal of the paper. Its main body consists of three parts. The first chapter gives a general characterization of Russian social media, its significance in terms of influencing the formation of public opinion, public debate, and the socio-political agenda in the country. The second chapter examines the use of social media by the Russian opposition and protest movements. The third chapter analyses the use of social media by the Russian authorities.  

The Library Screen Scene

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Hobbs ◽  
Liz Deslauriers ◽  
Pam Steager
Keyword(s):  
Media Literacy ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Academic Libraries ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Literacy Education ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
Core Practices ◽  
Library Screen ◽  
Learning Competencies

Throughout life, people use film, videos, and media for entertainment and learning. In an increasing number of school, public, and academic libraries, people get opportunities to screen and discuss movies, make short animations, learn to edit videos, and develop a sense of community and civic engagement through shared media experiences. Through innovative programs, services, and collections, libraries are helping people acquire film and media literacy competencies. This book reveals five core practices used by librarians who care about film and media: viewing, creating, learning, collecting, and connecting. With examples from more than 170 school, public, and academic libraries in 15 states, the book shows how film and media literacy education programs and services in libraries advance the lifelong learning competencies of patrons and learners from all walks of life. How does it happen? Film screening and discussion programs deepen people’s appreciation for the art of film. Creating media in libraries advances literacy competencies, builds collaboration skills, and promotes community empowerment. In schools and universities, librarians help people critically analyze moving image media as they learn from it. Librarians make important choices in how they select and access film and media now that streaming media, social media, and other digital technologies are transforming access. Through partnerships, librarians help bring film and media education into communities, aware that opportunities for people to both consume and create moving image media help connect generations, cultures, and communities with important issues and ideas.

The Death and Rebirth of American Community

Worldview ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
James Sellers
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Future ◽  
Theological School

After twelve years of teaching in a theological school, I had heard more than I wanted to hear about how bad things are. There was, both colleagues and students insisted, no sense of community anvmore, either in the corporate life of the school or in America at large. The sense of common existence had lost its conjuring touch over space and had been severelv contracted in time. Americans, they said, had neither a sense of continuity and tradition nor a vision of the future. Abandoning the larger dimensions of social and political life, there is nothing left but to fall back upon tiny redoubts of private affiliations.

scholarly journals Introduction: The Aesthetics of Global Protest : Visual Culture and Communication

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aidan McGarry ◽  
Itir Erhart ◽  
Hande Eslen-Ziya ◽  
Olu Jenzen ◽  
Umut Korkut
Keyword(s):  
Social Movements ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
New Social Movements ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
The World ◽  
Culture And Communication

Protest movements are struggles to be seen and to be heard. In the last 60 years protest movements around the world have mobilized against injustices and inequalities to bring about substantial sociocultural, sociopolitical, and socio-economic changes. Whilst familiar repertoires of action persist, such as strikes, demonstrations, and occupations of public space, the landscape is very different from 60 years ago when the so-called ‘new social movements’ emerged. We need to take stock of the terrain of protest movements, including dramatic developments in digital technologies and communication, the use of visual culture by protestors, and the expression of democracy. This chapter introduces the volume and explains how aesthetics of protest are performative and communicative, constituting a movement through the performance of politics.

scholarly journals Public actors without public values: legitimacy, domination and the regulation of the technology sector

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linnet Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Technology Firms ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Commercial Technology ◽  
The Right

The scale and asymmetry of commercial technology firms’ power over people through data, combined with the increasing involvement of the private sector in public governance, means that increasingly people do not have the ability to opt out of engaging with technology firms. At the same time, those firms are increasingly intervening on the population level in ways that have implications for social and political life. This creates the potential for power relations of domination, and demands that we decide what constitutes the legitimacy to act on the public. Business ethics and private law are not designed to answer these questions, which are primarily political. If people have lost the right to disengage with commercial technologies, we may need to hold the companies that offer them to the same standards to which we hold the public sector. This paper therefore argues for the development of an overarching normative framework for what constitutes non-domination with regard to digital technologies. Such a framework must involve a nuanced idea of political power and accountability that can respond not only to the legality of corporate behaviour, but to its legitimacy.

scholarly journals The Role of New Digital Technologies in a Time of Crisis

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
T. Rovinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
World Order ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Current Crisis

Received 26.01.2021. The article investigates the role of new digital technologies during a crisis period on the example of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the methods used by different states to prevent the spread of the virus and its consequences, the author analyzes the advantages of the impelled rapid digitalization, scrutinizes its negative aspects, and discusses perspectives. Although the digital transformation had already been taking place before the pandemic actually started (2019), the current crisis facilitates the unprecedented digitalization breakthrough in all life spheres, which will have delayed consequences. The short-run effects are already obvious: deepening of virtual communication; advancement of electronic document flow systems and online-services (including E-Government, public health service, etc.); virtualization of education, culture, sports, leisure activities; transformation of labour market towards distance employment, an outburst of electronic commerce and services, robot automation in economy; virtualization of political life (online-meetings, online-debates, online-summits, etc.), and, moreover, a transfer of power struggle and geopolitical struggle itself to digital platforms. Greater convenience and effectiveness are the most vivid advantages of digital technologies development, which plays the key role in crisis periods. Better access of disabled persons and people living in geographically remote places to medical aid, education, cultural objects, etc. also belongs to important achievements of the rapid digitalization. At the same time, there are significant negative aspects of this process, both general and specific. The violation of democratic rights and freedoms (primarily, of personal data security and individual privacy) is unavoidable in the light of the necessary “digital control” from the state to contain the spread of infection. Private IT companies participating in the process of the virus spread control due to their products (mobile applications, Internet platforms, etc.) also benefit from access to personal data. Whereas this issue is not central in authoritarian regimes like China, it becomes very challenging for democratic societies of the West. The digitalization of services gives wide room for irregularities and fraud in general. A growing “digital exclusion” is another concern: the greater dependency on technical means excludes certain parts of the population unable to use them for different reasons. An increasing individualization and solitude amid the lacking real-life communication gives rise to complicated psychological issues and mental disorders. Among specific negative side-effects of digitalization there are obstacles in personal electronic verification, worsening in the quality of remote medical assistance and online-education, unemployment growth and smashup of offline-businesses in economy, and some other. The most complicated question of the current crisis and the next “post-COVID” period is how serious the above-mentioned negative consequences of the rapid digitalization will be, to what extent they may devaluate its advantages, what sacrifice will be made by humanity to pay for comfort and effectiveness. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the project “Post-Crisis World Order: Challenges and Technologies, Competition and Cooperation” supported by the grant from Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation program for research projects in priority areas of scientific and technological development (Agreement № 075-15-2020-783).

The nature of institutional changes in foreign trade as a result of the digitalization during the international economic integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1352-1365
Author(s):  
A.V. Shkalenko
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Smart Contracts ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Impact

Subject. The article focuses on the creation of a favorable institutional environment for the Russian companies to enter foreign markets, being prepared to digitalization processes. Objectives. I determine the nature of institutional changes that take place during the active and widespread integration of ICT. The article also traces trends in foreign trade relations between countries during the digitalization and the impact of innovation during the digital transformation of international relations. The article evaluates what part network technologies play in the economic, social and political life during the globalization. Methods. The study relies upon elements of the innovative methodology for the post-industrial analysis through the cross-disciplinary synthesis, which implies overcoming the single aspect focus, dichotomy and dogmatism of many concepts of the orthodox new institutionalism. Results. Based on digital technologies, institutional mechanisms of trade agreement were found to be a complex set of related constituents. Institutions for the regulation and self-regulation of the digital economy will comprise two big subsystems in the mid-term, i.e. smart institutions (rules and models of conduct resulting from self-performing smart contracts) and hybrid institutions, which combine aspects of traditional, written law and algorithmic one, which is based on computer codes and software. The digital institutional environment will unavoidably engender smart intermediaries, which have already featured legal attorneys for smart contracts, technical experts on digital technologies, auditors and managers of digital business processes. Conclusions and Relevance. New technologies reshape the institutional environment of the international cooperation on foreign trade, which contributes to the development of innovation so that countries could gain some competitive advantages. Drawing upon the cross-country cooperation within the same institutional space, national and/or regional innovative ecosystems become very important.

scholarly journals Authenticating Representation: Women's Quotas and Islamist Parties

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 781-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihi Ben Shitrit
Keyword(s):  
Political Representation ◽  
Electoral System ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Simple Addition ◽  
Meaningful Participation ◽  
The World ◽  
Significant Factors

The spread of women's quotas in legislative bodies across the world since the mid-1990s has become one of the most significant factors impacting levels of women's political representation (Dahlerup 2013; Krook 2009; Tripp and Kang 2008). In the Middle East, a region that has long held a place at the very bottom of global rankings of women's representation, the adoption of such quotas is transforming levels of representation (Kang 2009). But there is still much debate over the utility of quotas for women's meaningful participation in political life. There is now a well-established literature that examines the effects of quotas on women's descriptive or numerical representation. We have a fairly robust idea about the types of quotas that are appropriate for particular sets of electoral system contexts when the goal is to generate a target percentage of women elected to legislative bodies (Jones 2005; Larserud and Taphorn 2007). However, questions about whether and how quotas benefit women beyond the simple addition of several women parliamentarians to the political game remain contested. The various arguments for the utility of quotas rest mainly on two underlying propositions. The first is that quotas, by bringing more women to the political sphere, promote the substantive representation of women's interests. The second is that quotas have a symbolic effect. They help demonstrate that women are fit and able to govern and so contribute to countering women's historical exclusion from politics.

scholarly journals Assessment of Russian citizens’ attitude to the processes of public services digitalization

E-Management ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
S. P. Kosarin ◽  
I. V. Milkina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Services ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
National Project ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Programs

Russia is rapidly increasing the use of digital technologies in all spheres of public life. The speed, with which new technologies appear and are implemented, leads to the fact that people cannot quickly adapt to them. In this regard, in some cases, there may be social tensions, reluctance to use modern advances in digital technologies and other social problems. There is also a overestimation of the importance and impact of the introduced technologies on improving the socio-economic and political life of the country.In this regard, it is of interest to assess the attitude of citizens to the developing digital technologies, and, primarily, to digital services that are introduced in the system of providing state and municipal services and in the sphere of interaction between the state and society. This study is an attempt to make this kind of assessment. The background of the study was the adopting and approving in 2018 the national project “Digital economy of the Russian Federation” and the Federal programs implemented within the framework of this project, as well as the state programs and projects preceding the national project that accompany the formation of the infrastructure of the digital state.The authors conducted a survey of 541 respondents from 49 regions of the Russian Federation to determine and assess the attitude of citizens to the digitalization of public services. During the survey, respondents were asked questions about the use of Federal and regional portals of public services, about awareness of the availability and possibility of using public technologies and services, about the convenience of services and the ability to use them. As a result of the survey, conclusions are drawn about the advantages and disadvantages of using the electronic service of public services, as well as an assessment of the attitude of citizens to the digitalization of public services.

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