Zebra finch nestlings beg more under better nutritional conditions

Behaviour ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 148 (11-13) ◽  
pp. 1239-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tobias Krause ◽  
Mariam Honarmand ◽  
Marc Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Finch ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Begging Behaviour ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Food Conditions ◽  
Quality Of Food

Abstract Providing parental care involves costs for the parents when investing resources such as food and time to raise their offspring. In many species, offspring communicate their need by begging signals which often are linked to their physiological condition but also may be affected by the expectation they may develop depending on previous parental behaviour. To test whether or not offspring begging is affected by the food quality to which parents have access, we experimentally manipulated the early nutritional conditions of zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) nestlings by providing the parents with either a low or a high quality diet. We expected that lower early nutritional conditions increase begging behaviour resulting from a presumed higher nestling need. Yet, the experiments revealed that broods of nestlings begged more intensely when they were raised on a high compared to a low quality diet. Nestlings raised under high quality food conditions may have a higher begging intensity due to their higher need associated with a fast growth trajectory. Likewise, lower begging intensity by nestlings raised on low quality food might result from a general delay in development, or nestlings adjusted their begging to behavioural adjustments made by parents as a response to the different diets. These findings highlight that begging signals can be affected by a complex set of factors and expands the classical view of signalling need. Begging call rates can increase with offspring condition and with their expectations about the quality of food that can be provided by the parents.

IMPROVING APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE COUNTRY'S FOOD SECURITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Nikolay V. Tumalanov ◽  
Irina N. Urusova ◽  
Elena A. Antonovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Quality Of Food

Changes that have taken place in recent years in production, sale, market circulation, quality of food consumption give relevance to the problem of assessing the society's food security, the country's food independence and forming a high – quality food market. For this reason the purpose of the study was to justify the need for changes in the principles and rules for assessing the country's food security. It is proposed that its definition took into account the quality of food, the volume of exports and imports, the indicator of the country's comparative advantage in external exchange. During the study, the reasons for veiling the food quality and its safety were revealed, non-objectivity of determining the state of food security was substantiated, the advantages of the new approach on more objective evaluation criteria are proved and basic indicators reflecting the qualitative advantages of the new methodology in assessing food security are proposed. The problem of food quality and its assessment exists and is worsening. The novelty achieved in the study process is the rationale for the need to take into account food quality indicators of all major types, calculate food security and independence, applying for this the proposed formula for indexing the comparative advantage. In today's economy, conditions have developed when it is necessary to assess the level of food security in the society more orderly and comprehensively. To do so, the criteria laid down by international organizations must be applied. High-quality food is noted to include not only organic products, but sparing mode products as well, that is products to produce which mineral fertilizers were used in compliance with all norms and rules. Producers must preserve and protect the environment. Many authors note that government structures should pay more attention to the formation and regulation of the high quality food market segment.

scholarly journals Positive and negative incentive contrasts lead to relative value perception in ants

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Wendt ◽  
Kim S Strunk ◽  
Jürgen Heinze ◽  
Andreas Roider ◽  
Tomer J Czaczkes
Keyword(s):  
Reference Points ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Absolute Income ◽  
Value Perception ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Medium Quality ◽  
Quality Of Food

Humans usually assess things not according to their absolute value, but relative to reference points – a main tenant of Prospect Theory. For example, people rate a new salary relative to previous salaries and salaries of their peers, rather than absolute income. We demonstrate a similar effect in an insect: ants expecting to find low-quality food showed higher acceptance of medium-quality food than ants expecting medium quality, and vice versa for high expectations. Further experiments demonstrate that these contrast effects arise from cognitive rather than mere sensory or pre-cognitive perceptual causes. Social information gained inside the nest can also serve as a reference point: the quality of food received from other ants affected the perceived value of food found later. Value judgement is a key element in decision making, and thus relative value perception strongly influences which option is chosen and ultimately how all animals make decisions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Selected Biotechnology Processes for Sustainable Development of the Environment and Human Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Badora ◽  
◽  
Magdalena Celińska
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
Biotechnological Processes ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this work was to show what effect biotechnology can have on the quality of human life, and on the condition of the natural environment. A number of biotechnological processes have been analyzed that can significantly improve the quality of human life, while at the same time caring for the natural environment. The prospects for the development of these processes on the global and Polish market were also analyzed. As it turned out, some of the process analyzed need further refinement to be implemented on a global scale, while others may be successfully implemented in the coming years, contributing to the improvement of the quality of such aspects of human life high-quality food products, health protection and good public health. Biotechnological processes may also have wide application in the protection and remediation of the natural environment.

Recovery of pasture seed ingested by ruminants. 3. The effects of the amount of seed in the diet and of diet quality on seed recovery from sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Jones ◽  
Neto M Simao
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Bahia Grass

We determined how the recovery, rate of passage and viability of pasture seeds fed to sheep were affected by the quality of the associated diet and by the proportion of seeds in the diet. Penned sheep were fed basal diets of low (45%), medium (60%) and high digestibility (70%). A proportion of each diet (20%) was milled, and on 1 day half of the milled feed was replaced by a mixture of seeds of carpet grass (Axonopus afinis), Pensacola Bahia grass (Paspalum notatum), Kenya white clover (Trifolium semipilosum) cv. Safari and shrubby stylo (S. scabra) cv. Seca. Seed was fed at 3 levels; 12 000, 18 000 and 24 000 seeds of each species. Faeces were collected for 5 days after feeding the seed and germination tests carried out on seed washed out from the faeces. The proportion of seed in the diet had no effect on percentage seed recovery or on the viability of recovered seed. However, only 10% of ingested seed was recovered with the low quality diet, compared with 28% with the medium and high quality diets. Less Seca seed was still in pods with the low quality diet (6%) than with the medium and high quality diets (11%).

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTION SPIN COATING AS PRINTING EDIBEL FILM GANYONG

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Endah Kurnia Yuningsih ◽  
Tuti Kurniati ◽  
Neneng Windayani ◽  
Rizki Zakwandi ◽  
Tiana Azmi Alawiyah
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Spin Coating ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Is Research ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Good Food

The existence of halal and good food is a basic requirement for Muslims. Maintaining the quality of food from the integrity of nutrients and keep it away from the source of disease is one effort to create good quality food. This will be more valuable if it can be done with natural materials that exist around the community itself. Growing environmental awareness and social sensitivity on the young generation of Muslims is something that can not be separated from education in college. This research is aimed to develop bio-plastic making device based on ganyong (Canna edulis) with the utilization of used and cheap goods. The method used in the research is Research and Development (R & D). Develop Spin Coating devices to suit the needs of edible printing. The effectiveness of measurable measurements of physical bio-plastic factor measurements resulted in strength, thickness and durability. The results of this study show that the results are quite optimal, especially on the thickness factor. The thickness of bio-plastics produced using modified spin coating is <0.5 mm with rotation at a certain speed, ie at 12 volts and 60o - 80oC. The result of bio-plastic obtained can be used as food wrapper which in this research is applied as dodol wrapping. So the quality of nutrition dodol can be more durable.

scholarly journals Improving the Sense of Gain of Graduate Students in Food Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Youling Wan ◽  
Zhiming Guo
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Food Science ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Training Quality ◽  
Quality Of Food

Improvement of the sense of gain as an internal driving force is the key factor to improve the training quality of graduate students in food science. Utilizing Jiangsu University graduate students majoring in food science as research samples, this study analyzed the present situation of the “sense of gain” demand. We analyzed the reasonable appeals of graduate students during their study based on fully respecting and advocating students’ right of speech, listened to their opinions and suggestions on higher education, analyzed the main contradictions, and further put forward a series of countermeasures. For improving the graduate students’ sense of gain during the period of study, it is necessary to improve the training quality from the following five aspects: constructing high-quality courses, cultivating people’s responsibilities, implementing “soft elimination” of training links, carrying out diversified extracurricular activities, and developing comprehensive quality. This research is significant in improving the training quality of food science graduate students.

scholarly journals Importance of Trividh Kukshiya Matravat Aahara in Relation to Digestion of the Food

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Manjiri Palnitakar Bhende ◽  
Prachi Dwarkaprasad Walde
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Solid Food ◽  
Digestive Capacity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quality Food ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Significant Factors

According to Ayurveda food is one of the significant factors for health as well as source for diseases i.e., wholesome food is responsible for pleasure and unwholesome food is responsible for unhappiness. Alongside the quality of food, the quantity of food is also a lot of significant that how it is taken, on the grounds that food taken in ill-advised manner can prompt various diseases. Digestion of food is considered as one of the most important physiologic processes in our body to be of prime significance in conserving health. A nutritious eating regimen won't have the most extreme effect in promoting health unless the digestive capacity is optimal. Balanced Agni (digestive fire) is basic for appropriate digestion of food, for this reason the idea of Matravat ahara ought to be considered as portrayed in Trividhkukshiya viman adhyay. For proper digestion of food, it should be consumed in appropriate quantity as described in Trividh kukshiya adhyaya, where it is specifying that, stomach capacity is divided into 3 parts: One part of it is filled up with solid food, the second part with liquids and the third part is left for Vata, Pitta and Kapha. Thus, the good quality food taken in appropriate amount will nourish the tissue elements of the body along with mind and senses only when it is properly digested. This article aimed to signify importance of Trividh kukshiya matravata aahara for proper digestion.

scholarly journals Sheep productivity in an Astrebla grassland of south-west Queensland.

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Orr ◽  
CJ Evenson ◽  
DJ Jordan ◽  
PS Bowly ◽  
KJ Lehane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
South West ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Survival And Growth

A grazing study conducted between 1979 and 1983 assessed the seasonal trends of ewe productivity in Astrebla grassland in south- western Queensland. This study was designed originally to compare productivity on two pastures with different compositions, however, these differences in pastures composition were not achieved. Large differences in liveweight, wool growth and reproductive performance occurred between years in response to differences in pasture growth resulting from large variation in the seasonal incidence of rainfall. Rainfall effective for plant growth, both forbs and grasses, resulted in a high quality diet which resulted, in turn, in increased sheep productivity. Reproductive performance was particularly sensitive to the quality of the ewes diet around the time of lambing through the effect of diet quality on lamb survival and growth rate. It is suggested that the effect of rainfall on reproductive performance is pasture.

scholarly journals Dairy Products Quality from a Consumer Point of View: Study among Polish Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1503
Author(s):  
Marta Sajdakowska ◽  
Jerzy Gębski ◽  
Dominika Guzek ◽  
Krystyna Gutkowska ◽  
Sylwia Żakowska-Biemans
Keyword(s):  
Food Quality ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Quality Of Food

The aims of the current study were (a) to deepen the understanding of food quality from animal origin with particular emphasis on dairy products, including yoghurt; (b) to determine the level of acceptance of methods and ingredients used to enhance the quality of food from animal origin; (c) to identify how the perception of animal products quality affects the acceptance of changes in production methods and (d) to identify the projective image of consumers purchasing high-quality yoghurt. The data were collected using a CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) survey on a sample of 983 consumers. The k-means clustering method (k-means clustering algorithm is an unsupervised algorithm that is used to segment the interest area from the background) was used to identify five clusters of consumers. Moreover, the logistic regression models were used in order to examine the impact of opinions related to the quality of product on acceptance of food production methods. The results showed that food quality is generally perceived by consumers using the following attributes: its freshness, naturalness, production method, as well as appearance, taste and smell, but when it comes to the quality of food from animal origin, convenience, connected with the availability, nutritional value and health benefits is of primary importance. The most accepted production method of high-quality food is animal production that takes into consideration the welfare of farm animals. Results also show that the increase in the level of education among the surveyed people contributed to the acceptance of ensuring welfare of farm animals as a method of increasing food quality while consumers′ openness to new products favored the acceptance of adding health-promoting ingredients to livestock feed. As regards the assessment of the level of acceptance of enhancing food with beneficial ingredients, people for whom health aspects were important declared their willingness to accept such a method of increasing food quality. The research findings can be used to develop educational campaigns as well as marketing communication of enterprises operating on the food market. Furthermore, the results could be used to strengthen the competitive position of food enterprises searching for innovative solutions.

Influence of technology parameters of free-cutting steel continuous casting on the billet internal structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
A. T. Kunakbaeva ◽  
A. M. Stolyarov ◽  
M. V. Potapova
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Continuous Casting ◽  
Internal Structure ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Cutting Steel ◽  
Continuously Cast

Free-cutting steel gains specific working properties thanks to the high content of sulfur and phosphorus. These elements, especially sulfur, have a rather high tendency to segregation. Therefore, segregation defects in free-cutting steel continuously cast billets can be significantly developed. The aim of the work was to study the influence of the chemical composition of freecutting steel and casting technological parameters on the quality of the macrostructure of continuously cast billets. A metallographic assessment of the internal structure of cast metal made of free-cutting steel and data processing by application of correlation and regression analysis were the research methods. The array of production data of 43 heats of free-cutting steel of grade A12 was studied. Steel casting on a five-strand radial type continuous casting machine was carried out by various methods of metal pouring from tundish into the molds. Metal of 19 heats was poured with an open stream, and 24 heats – by a closed stream through submerged nozzles with a vertical hole. High-quality billets had a cross-sectional size of 150×150 mm. The macrostructure of high-quality square billets made of free-cutting steel of A12 grade is characterized by the presence of central porosity, axial segregation and peripheral point contamination, the degree of development of which was in the range from 1.5 to 2.0 points, segregation cracks and strips – about 1.0 points. In the course of casting with an open stream, almost all of these defects are more developed comparing with the casting by a closed stream. As a result of correlation and regression analysis, linear dependences of the development degree of segregation cracks and strips both axial and angular on the sulfur content in steel and on the ratio of manganese content to sulfur content were established. The degree of these defects development increases with growing of sulfur content in steel of A12 grade. These defects had especially strong development when sulfur content in steel was of more than 0.10%. To improve the quality of cast metal, it is necessary to have the ratio of the manganese content to the sulfur content in the metal more than eight.

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