Nicotiana benthamiana as model plant for Meloidogyne graminicola infection

Nematology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Naalden ◽  
Ruben Verbeek ◽  
Godelieve Gheysen
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Model Plant ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Insight Into

Summary Nicotiana benthamiana is widely used as a model plant to analyse cell biology and to obtain insight into the molecular host-pathogen interaction because it is susceptible to many pathogens. Since N. benthamiana can be transformed easily, it is also used to study pathogens for which it is not a known host. Meloidogyne graminicola has a fairly broad host range of mainly monocots and some dicots but no data were available on the ability of M. graminicola to infect N. benthamiana. In this study, we show that M. graminicola is able to infect and complete its life cycle in N. benthamiana, although our experiments demonstrate a lower susceptibility compared to rice. In addition, M. graminicola was also able to develop in N. tabacum but the reproduction was very low. Therefore, we conclude that N. benthamiana can be considered as a host, while this is not the case for N. tabacum.

scholarly journals The role of flagella and chemotaxis genes in host pathogen interaction of the host adapted Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin compared to the broad host range serovar S. Typhimurium

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Elmerdahl Olsen ◽  
Kirsten Hobolt Hoegh-Andersen ◽  
Josep Casadesús ◽  
Jesper Rosenkranzt ◽  
Mark Simon Chadfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Dublin

scholarly journals In Vivo Transfer and Microevolution of Avian Native IncA/C2 blaNDM-1-Carrying Plasmid pRH-1238 during a Broiler Chicken Infection Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. e02128-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sead Hadziabdic ◽  
Jennie Fischer ◽  
Burkhard Malorny ◽  
Maria Borowiak ◽  
Beatriz Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Safety Concern ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Paratyphi B ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Infection Study

ABSTRACT The emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in wildlife and livestock animals pose an important safety concern for public health. With our in vivo broiler chicken infection study, we investigated the transfer and experimental microevolution of the blaNDM-1-carrying IncA/C2 plasmid (pRH-1238) introduced by avian native Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Corvallis without inducing antibiotic selection pressure. We evaluated the dependency of the time point of inoculation on donor (S. Corvallis [12-SA01738]) and plasmid-free Salmonella recipient [d-tartrate-fermenting (d-Ta+) S. Paratyphi B (13-SA01617), referred to here as S. Paratyphi B (d-Ta+)] excretion by quantifying their excretion dynamics. Using plasmid profiling by S1 nuclease-restricted pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we gained insight into the variability of the native plasmid content among S. Corvallis reisolates as well as plasmid acquisition in S. Paratyphi B (d-Ta+) and the enterobacterial gut microflora. Whole-genome sequencing enabled us to gain an in-depth insight into the microevolution of plasmid pRH-1238 in S. Corvallis and enterobacterial recipient isolates. Our study revealed that the fecal excretion of avian native carbapenemase-producing S. Corvallis is significantly higher than that of S. Paratyphi (d-Ta+) and is not hampered by S. Paratyphi (d-Ta+). Acquisition of pRH-1238 in other Enterobacteriaceae and several events of plasmid pRH-1238 transfer to different Escherichia coli sequence types and Klebsiella pneumoniae demonstrated an interspecies broad host range. Regardless of the microevolutionary structural deletions in pRH-1238, the single carbapenem resistance marker blaNDM-1 was maintained on pRH-1238 throughout the trial. Furthermore, we showed the importance of the gut E. coli population as a vector of pRH-1238. In a potential scenario of the introduction of NDM-1-producing S. Corvallis into a broiler flock, the pRH-1238 plasmid could persist and spread to a broad host range even in the absence of antibiotic pressure.

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics Provides Insight into the Function of Broad-Host Range Sponge Symbionts

mBio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha C. Waterworth ◽  
Shirley Parker-Nance ◽  
Jason C. Kwan ◽  
Rosemary A. Dorrington
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Symbiotic Relationships ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Sponge Symbionts

Marine sponges often form symbiotic relationships with bacteria that fulfil a specific need within the sponge holobiont, and these symbionts are often conserved within a narrow range of related taxa. To date, there exist only three known bacterial taxa ( Entoporibacteria , SAUL , and Tethybacterales ) that are globally distributed and found in a broad range of sponge hosts, and little is known about the latter two.

Mechanisms of Plant Defense under Pathogen Stress: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Sood ◽  
Dhriti Kapoor ◽  
Vipul Kumar ◽  
Namarta Kalia ◽  
Renu Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Sessile Organisms ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

: Being sessile organisms, plants are persistently confronted by a diverse array of biotic agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, herbivores and nematodes. So, understanding the mechanism of host-pathogen interactions is essential for improving plant resistance to these against biotic factors. In this review, we have discussed various means and mechanisms by which pathogens influence the host plant defense. A virulent pathogen can reduce the growth and development of a plant, which eventually lowers its yield by multiple processes, like enhancement in cell death, as well as modification of plant architecture. This review also explains the various strategies used by plants to control pathogen caused diseases. These mainly include either resistance or tolerance by activating cell signaling pathways, which further regulate the synthesis and accumulation of several cellular products, such as phytohormones, enzymes, proteins and secondary metabolites. To minimize the influence of infection on their vigor, plants also exhibit immunity regardless of the heights of pathogen multiplication. The current review provides an important insight into the mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction, which is very significant for efficient disease management.

scholarly journals Complex life cycle, broad host range and adaptation strategy of the intranuclear Paramecium symbiont Preeria caryophila comb. nov

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Potekhin ◽  
Michael Schweikert ◽  
Irina Nekrasova ◽  
Valerio Vitali ◽  
Sabine Schwarzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Broad Host Range

Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant to study host-Meloidogyne graminicola interactions

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1015-1024
Author(s):  
Qiuling Huang ◽  
Handa Song ◽  
Borong Lin ◽  
Xiaodan Zheng ◽  
Wenjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Model Plant ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Summary The use of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model plant increased the rate of molecular discoveries of plant-pathogen interactions. Although Meloidogyne graminicola has a relatively broad host range, it is not known whether it can infect A. thaliana. In this study, we showed that M. graminicola is able to invade A. thaliana and complete its life cycle 12-14 days after invasion. No significant difference in the total number of nematodes inside roots of A. thaliana and rice, Oryza sativa, was found at 14 day after inoculation (dai). Significantly more galls were formed in A. thaliana roots compared to the numbers in O. sativa roots at 14 dai. Females laid egg masses on the A. thaliana root surface and a large number of hatched juveniles of the next generation were obtained from infected A. thaliana roots. In addition, the infection of M. graminicola can induce expression of A. thaliana basal defence genes, such as AtMYB51, AtWRKY11, AtPR1 and AtFRK1, at 24 h after inoculation. Therefore, A. thaliana can be considered as a suitable host to study host-M. graminicola interactions and to understand the molecular mechanisms developed by M. graminicola to infect its dicotyledonous host plants. In addition, our results also showed that a delayed development of M. graminicola occurred in A. thaliana compared to O. sativa, and a higher proportion of empty galls appeared in A. thaliana roots than in O. sativa roots, suggesting A. thaliana is a less optimal host than rice.

scholarly journals Biology, Ecology, and Management Strategies for Pea Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Pulse Crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramandeep Kaur Sandhi ◽  
Gadi V P Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Complex Life Cycle ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Grass Pea ◽  
Pulse Crops

Abstract Pea aphid, Acyrthospihon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the key pests of pulse crops worldwide. The aphid has a broad host range, infesting crops such as faba bean, lupin, alfalfa, lentil, chickpea, grass pea, and pea. This broad host range with a complex life cycle and ability to quickly adapt to new environmental conditions make it difficult to control this pest. Different studies focusing on the biology, ecology, and management practices of A. pisum, along with case studies conducted on different integrated pest management strategies such as host plant resistance, cultural, genetic, biological, and chemical control are reviewed here.

scholarly journals The Split Personality of Beauveria bassiana: Understanding the Molecular Basis of Fungal Parasitism and Mutualism

mSystems ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena Ortiz-Urquiza
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Fungal Pathogenicity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mutualistic Interaction ◽  
Split Personality

Fungal pathogenicity toward insects has independently evolved several times, resulting in specialist and generalist pathogens, some of whom have maintained aspects of their previous lifestyles. Being able to grow as an endophyte (engaging in a mutualistic interaction with plants) or saprophyte (recycling nutrients back into the environment), the generalist (broad-host-range) fungus Beauveria bassiana does not need to rely on insect hosts to complete its life cycle.

Management of root-knot nematodes in rice.

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Hari S. Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Future Outlook ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Meloidogyne Graminicola ◽  
Damage Symptoms

Abstract This chapter deals with the expanding problem caused by the root knot nematodes Meloidogyne graminicola, M. hainanensis, M. lini, M. incognita, M. javanica, M. oryzae, M. salasi and M. triticoryzae that affects the rice and even wheat in commonly used rotations in India, their economic importance, host range,geographical distribution, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, survival and dissemination, population dynamics, interaction with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated nematode management systems and future outlook.

scholarly journals Dissection of the host-pathogen interaction in human tuberculosis using a bioengineered 3-dimensional model

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liku B Tezera ◽  
Magdalena K Bielecka ◽  
Andrew Chancellor ◽  
Michaela T Reichmann ◽  
Basim Al Shammari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cellular Survival ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Remodelling ◽  
Novel Drug

Cell biology differs between traditional cell culture and 3-dimensional (3-D) systems, and is modulated by the extracellular matrix. Experimentation in 3-D presents challenges, especially with virulent pathogens. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills more humans than any other infection and is characterised by a spatially organised immune response and extracellular matrix remodelling. We developed a 3-D system incorporating virulent mycobacteria, primary human blood mononuclear cells and collagen–alginate matrix to dissect the host-pathogen interaction. Infection in 3-D led to greater cellular survival and permitted longitudinal analysis over 21 days. Key features of human tuberculosis develop, and extracellular matrix integrity favours the host over the pathogen. We optimised multiparameter readouts to study emerging therapeutic interventions: cytokine supplementation, host-directed therapy and immunoaugmentation. Each intervention modulates the host-pathogen interaction, but has both beneficial and harmful effects. This methodology has wide applicability to investigate infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic diseases and develop novel drug regimes and vaccination approaches.

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