Synergism of citral from Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and undecan-2-one against Meloidogyne incognita

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1101-1110
Author(s):  
Aline F. Barros ◽  
Vicente P. Campos ◽  
Letícia L. de Paula ◽  
Denilson F. de Oliveira ◽  
Geraldo H. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Main Components

Summary The nematicidal activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus and its main components were studied. During in vitro assays with Meloidogyne incognita second-stage juveniles (J2), the oil showed an LC50 of 166 μg ml−1. In vivo assays that exposed J2 to the LC50 oil concentration significantly reduced galls and eggs on tomato roots. According to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses, the main components of the essential oil were geranial (42.7%) and neral (33.0%). The combination of these two isomers, known as citral, had an enhanced nematicidal activity at low concentrations as shown by in vitro tests through a synergistic interaction with undecan-2-one. In assays with tomato plants inoculated with M. incognita J2, the combination of citral (600 μg ml−1) and undecan-2-one (300 μg ml−1) showed a high reduction in the number of galls (63.4%) and eggs (56.3%) in relation to Tween 80® control. The citral/undecan-2-one combination showed a synergistic nematicidal activity against M. incognita during in vitro and in vivo assays.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ibáñez ◽  
María Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.

Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas L., Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata L. essential oils and their main components against sinusitis pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursenem Karaca ◽  
Betül Demirci ◽  
Fatih Demirci
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mentha Spicata ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Lavandula Stoechas ◽  
Main Components

Abstract Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas and Mentha spicata subsp. spicata are used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The components of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Major components of L. stoechas and M. spicata oils were determined as camphor (46.7%) and carvone (60.6%), respectively. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and their main components were tested against the common selected sinusitis pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vitro agar diffusion, microdilution, and vapor diffusion methods. As a result, the tested plant materials, which are locally and natively used against sinusitis, were relatively mild antibacterial (in vitro MICs 310–1250 μg/mL) in action. To use essential oils and their components safely in sinusitis therapy, further detailed in vivo experiments are needed to support their efficacy.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon citratus against Haemonchus contortus

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Tersia Freitas Macedo ◽  
Lorena Mayana Beserra de Oliveira ◽  
Wesley Lyeverton Correia Ribeiro ◽  
Jessica Maria Leite dos Santos ◽  
Kaline das Chagas Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Egg Hatching

Parasitic nematodes are of major economic importance in livestock. An alternative for the control of parasites is phytotherapy. This study evaluated the efficacy of Cymbopogon citratus decoction (CcD), C. citratus essential oil (CcEo) and citral against Haemonchus contortus using in vitro egg hatch test (EHT) and larval development test (LDT) and an in vivo test using a Meriones unguiculatus (gerbil) model. The effect of 800 mg/kg CcEo was evaluated in gerbils that had been artificially infected with 5,000 third-stage H. contortus larvae. The effective concentrations required to inhibit 50% (EC50) of egg hatching were 0.46, 0.14 and 0.13 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. The EC50 values in the LDT were 5.04, 1.92 and 1.37 mg/mL for CcD, CcEo and citral, respectively. H. contortus population in the group treated with C. citratus essential oil was reduced by 38.5% (P< 0.05) in comparison to the control group. These results suggest that it may be possible to use C. citratusessential oil to control of H. contortus parasite of small ruminant.

scholarly journals Nematicidal Constituents from the Essential Oil ofChenopodium AmbrosioidesAerial Parts

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. S143-S148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Qi Bai ◽  
Zhi Long Liu ◽  
Qi Zhi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Chenopodium Ambrosioides ◽  
Chinese Medicinal Herb ◽  
Aerial Parts

Essential oil of Chinese medicinal herb,Chenopodium ambrosioidesaerial parts was found to possess nematicidal activity against the root-knot nematodes,Meloidogyne incognita. The essential oil ofC. ambrosioideswas obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 27 components of the essential oil were identified. The principal compounds inC. ambrosioidesessential oil were (Z)-ascaridole (27.27%),ρ-cymene (19.05%), isoascaridole (14.75%),α-pinene (6.33%) andα-terpinene (5.12%). Bioactivity-guided chromatographic separation of the essential oil on repeated silica gel columns led to isolate three volatile components ((Z)-ascaridole,ρ-cymene and isoascaridole) from the essential oil. The essential oil and (Z)-ascaridole exhibited strong nematicidal activity againstM. incognitawith LC50values of 49.55 μg/mL and 32.79 μg/mL, respectively.ρ-Cymene and isoascaridole also possessed nematicidal activity againstM. incognitawith LC50values of 435.89 μg/mL and 1323.51 μg/mL, respectively but weaker than the crude essential oil.

Biocontrol potential of Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causing disease in tomato

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Seong Lee ◽  
Muhammad Anees ◽  
Hae Nam Hyun ◽  
Kil Yong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Lytic Enzymes ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Lysobacter antibioticus HS124 is an antagonistic bacterial strain that was previously isolated from the rhizosphere soil of pepper and showed an enhanced ability to produce lytic enzymes as well as an antibiotic that was identified as 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA). In the present study, nematicidal activity of the strain and 4-HPAA against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, causing disease in tomato was investigated in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. For this purpose, adding different concentrations of culture filtrate, crude extract collected from extraction with ethyl acetate and 4-HPAA, in 24-well plates containing ca 500 eggs or 300 second-stage juveniles (J2), significantly decreased the rate of nematode hatch and caused higher mortality of J2 compared with the control treatments. Nematicidal activity of the bacterial strain was further confirmed by conducting pot experiments in which tomato plants were inoculated with M. incognita and the HS124 culture (BC). The control pots were treated with commercial nematicide (CN, 5% Ethoprophos), tap water (TW) or the non-inoculated bacterial culture medium (BCM). In these pot experiments, results demonstrated a strong antagonistic potential of L. antibioticus HS124 against M. incognita where the disease was significantly reduced in the pots treated with BC as compared to TW or BCM. Furthermore, the shoot fresh weight was also increased significantly, which may be attributed to the disease control ability of the strain. Hence, L. antibioticus HS124 may be further developed as a potential biocontrol of root knot nematode in the field.

scholarly journals Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9626
Author(s):  
Huiyu Hou ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Te Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Main Components

Background Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea. Methods Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo. Results Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control. Conclusions OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Essential Oil of Cymbopogon Citratus Grown in Umuahia: A Viable Candidate for Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Uchechi Bliss Onyedikachi ◽  
Favour Matthew Awah ◽  
Charles Nnanna Chukwu ◽  
Emmanuel Ejiofor
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (EOCC) has found use in medicine, food and chemical industry. This study attempts to provide evidence of its suitability for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy. Total phenol and total flavonoid of EOCC was 49.83±0.39mg GAE/g of extract and 352.82±3.45 µg QEC/g of extract respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of its essential oil (EOCC) showed 25 peaks with myrcenyl acetate (9.703%), caryophyllene (8.997%), citronella (6.383%) been the most abundant. The in vitro anti-inflammatory assay using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization shows that at 200µg/mL, the percentage inhibition of EOCC was significantly higher compared to diclofenac both for heat-induced and hypotonic induced haemolysis. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays showed a comparable and dose-dependent increase from 50 to 400 μg/mL in relation to vitamin C. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of EOCC (73.16±12.89 μg/mL and 656.01±0.01 μmol Fe (II)/L) was remarkably higher compared to that of vitamin C (69.09±4.52 μg/mL and 246.79±0.01 μmol Fe (II)/L) both for DPPH and FRAP assays respectively. In conclusion, results from this study establish preliminary evidence on the therapeutic potential of EOCC in managing inflammation and oxidative stress caused by free radicals.

Nematicidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Rhododendron anthopogonoides Aerial Parts and its Constituent Compounds against Meloidogyne incognita

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Hua Bai ◽  
Chun Qi Bai ◽  
Qi Zhi Liu ◽  
Shu Shan Du ◽  
Zhi Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Natural Nematicides

Hydrodistilled essential oil from Rhododendron anthopogonoides Maxim. (Ericaceae) aerial parts was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 42 compounds, accounting for 95.48% of the total oil, were identified. The main constituents of the essential oil were benzyl acetone (34.41%), nerolidol (10.19%), 1,4-cineole (8.41%), β-caryophyllene (5.63%), γ-elemene (5.10%), and spathulenol (3.06%). Four constituents were isolated from the essential oil based on fractionation. The essential oil of R. anthopogonoides possessed nematicidal activity against the root knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) with an LC50 value of 130.11 μg/ml. The main compound of the essential oil, benzyl acetone, exhibited nematicidal activity against M. incognita with an LC50 value of 74.17 μg/ ml while 1,4-cineole, nerolidol, and β-caryophyllene were not nematicidal at a concentration of 5 mg/ml. The essential oil of R. anthopogonoides and benzyl acetone show potential for their development as possible natural nematicides for the control of the root knot nematode

scholarly journals Cognitive Facilitation and Antioxidant Effects of an Essential Oil Mix on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Rats: Molecular Modeling of In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razvan Stefan Boiangiu ◽  
Ion Brinza ◽  
Monica Hancianu ◽  
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan ◽  
Gokcen Eren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Active Site Residues ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Brain Oxidative Stress

The present study investigated the capability of an essential oil mix (MO: 1% and 3%) in ameliorating amnesia and brain oxidative stress in a rat model of scopolamine (Sco) and tried to explore the underlying mechanism. The MO was administered by inhalation to rats once daily for 21 days, while Sco (0.7 mg/kg) treatment was delivered 30 min before behavioral tests. Donepezil (DP: 5 mg/kg) was used as a positive reference drug. The cognitive-enhancing effects of the MO in the Sco rat model were assessed in the Y-maze, radial arm maze (RAM), and novel object recognition (NOR) tests. As identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), the chemical composition of the MO is comprised by limonene (91.11%), followed by γ-terpinene (2.02%), β-myrcene (1.92%), β-pinene (1.76%), α-pinene (1.01%), sabinene (0.67%), linalool (0.55%), cymene (0.53%), and valencene (0.43%). Molecular interactions of limonene as the major compound in MO with the active site of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) was explored via molecular docking experiments, and Van der Waals (vdW) contacts were observed between limonene and the active site residues SER198, HIS438, LEU286, VAL288, and PHE329. The brain oxidative status and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and BChE inhibitory activities were also determined. MO reversed Sco-induced memory deficits and brain oxidative stress, along with cholinesterase inhibitory effects, which is an important mechanism in the anti-amnesia effect. Our present findings suggest that MO ameliorated memory impairment induced by Sco via restoration of the cholinergic system activity and brain antioxidant status.

scholarly journals In-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico assessment of radical scavenging and cytotoxic activities of Oliveria decumbens essential oil and its main components

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Jamali ◽  
Gholamreza Kavoosi ◽  
Yousef Jamali ◽  
Saeed Mortezazadeh ◽  
Susan K. Ardestani
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Main Components

AbstractWe aimed to explore and compare new insights on the pharmacological potential of Oliveria decumbence essential oil (OEO) and its main components highlighting their antioxidant activity in-vitro, in-vivo, and in-silico and also cytotoxic effects of OEO against A549 lung cancer cells. At first, based on GC–MS analysis, thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were introduced as basic ingredients of OEO and their in-vitro antioxidant capacity was considered by standard methods. Collectively, OEO exhibited strong antioxidant properties even more than its components. In LPS-stimulated macrophages treated with OEO, the reduction of ROS (Reactive-oxygen-species) and NO (nitric-oxide) and down-regulation of iNOS (inducible nitric-oxide-synthase) and NOX (NADPH-oxidase) mRNA expression was observed and compared with that of OEO components. According to the results, OEO, thymol, and carvacrol exhibited the highest radical scavenging potency compared to p-cymene, and γ-terpinene. In-silico Molecular-Docking and Molecular-Dynamics simulation indicated that thymol and carvacrol but no p-cymene and γ-terpinene may establish coordinative bonds in iNOS active site and thereby inhibit iNOS. However, they did not show any evidence for NOX inhibition. In the following, MTT assay showed that OEO induces cytotoxicity in A549 cancer cells despite having a limited effect on L929 normal cells. Apoptotic death and its dependence on caspase-3 activity and Bax/Bcl2 ratio in OEO-treated cells were established by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, colorimetric assay, and western blot analysis. Additionally, flow cytometry studies demonstrated increased levels of ROS in OEO-treated cells. Therefore, OEO, despite showing antioxidant properties, induces apoptosis in cancer cells by increasing ROS levels. Collectively, our results provided new insight into the usage of OEO and main components, thymol, and carvacrol, into the development of novel antioxidant and anti-cancer agents.

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