Effects of Pymetrozine on biochemical parameters and the midgut ultrastructure of Anthonomus grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 271-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin M. Cunha ◽  
Valéria Wanderley-Teixeira ◽  
Álvaro A.C. Teixeira ◽  
Bruno Fiorelini Pereira ◽  
Flávio H. Caetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anthonomus Grandis ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Basal Labyrinth

Pymetrozine represents a class of compounds for the control of sucking insects. However, chewing insects have also shown sensitivity to this compound. Therefore, although pymetrozine has been demonstrated to have a direct action on sucking insects, it could also affect species like the boll worm Anthonomus grandis by promoting histological changes in the intestine and alterations in biochemical parameters such as glycogen, lipids, and glucose. The pymetrozine promoted histological changes are characterized by protrusions and detachments of columnar cells toward the intestinal lumen, presence of vacuolated regenerative cells, and removal of the epithelial lamina in some areas of the muscle layer. The ultrastructure of the midgut in the control group exhibited the basal labyrinth near the mid region of the cell, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, glycogen granules, mitochondria, electron-lucent vesicles, nucleus with well-defined nucleoli, and elongated microvillus. Pymetrozine promoted disarrangement in the basal labyrinth and generated numerous vacuoles and large protrusions between the epithelial lamina and muscular layer. No significant difference was observed in glucose content at 48 h after treatment; however, a significant increase was observed at 144 h after treatment. The glycogen content was reduced in the first 48 h of exposure to pmetrozine and reached the average content of the control insects at 144 h. Significant effects were observed in lipid contents, both in the first 48 h and at 144 h after treatment. Thus, we conclude that pymetrozine compromises the digestive physiology in these insects, affects reproduction, and consequently, it can be a potential alternative to reduce this pest species.

scholarly journals Troponin T and Histological Characteristics of Rat Myocardial Infarction Induced by Isoproterenol

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabaheta Hasić ◽  
Radivoj Jadrić ◽  
Emina Kiseljaković ◽  
Zakira Mornjaković ◽  
Mira Winterhalter-Jadrić
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Myocardial Necrosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Histological Characteristics

In our investigation, we used short-time model of myocardial infarction of rats induced by high dose of isoproterenol (ISP). We investigated cardiac troponin T blood level (cTnT) and histological characteristics of rat myocardium. ISP, single, intraperitoneal dose 250 mg/kg was given to male, adult, Wistar rats (n=12). Rats were distributed depending on their body weight in subgroups: ISP I (BW 260-280g) and ISP II (BW 250-400g). Control group (n=9) was treated with intraperitoneal dose of 0,95% NaCl. Cardiac TnT was measured by electrochemiluminiscence (ECLA) sandwich immunoassay in rat serum 4 hours after ISP application. Rats’ hearts were dissected and examined by qualitative histological method (HE). Statistical significance was set at 0,05. There was significant difference in cTnT of ISP II (p=0,0001) vs. control and ISP I (p<0,05) vs. control. Significant difference was beetween ISP I and ISP II subgroups (p<0.001). The accent of histological changes of myocardium was on nuclei of cell. Cells showed acydophilic changes and nuclei disappearance as signs of coagulative necrosis development. Extensivity of histological changes were different beetween ISP I and ISP II subgroup. Used dose of ISP induced development of myocardial necrosis in rats. Suben-docardial portion of myocardium was more vulnerability than subepicardial portion. Rats of ISP II had more extensive histological changes than these in ISP I. Administered doses of ISP enabled cTnT utilization as a marker of myocardial necrosis.

scholarly journals A 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Root Extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Komlan M. Dossou-Yovo ◽  
Aboudoulatif Diallo ◽  
Povi Lawson-Evi ◽  
Yendubé T. Kantati ◽  
Tchin Darré ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Significant Difference

Background. Herbal medication is a worldwide and ancient practice, mostly in developing countries, where a large part of the population is involved in this practice. Hence, studies must be conducted to evaluate their safety and efficiency to avoid or prevent toxicological risks due to their usage. In Togo, Carissa spinarum is a medicinal plant belonging to Apocynaceae family, used as an aphrodisiac or to heal some ailments including malaria, sickle cell anemia, hypertension, pain, and asthma. Notwithstanding its several ethnomedicinal benefits, just a few toxicological data associated with its chronic use are available. Objective. Therefore, this study aims to assess the toxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar rats. Methods. The 90-day oral toxicity process following OECD TG 408 guidelines is used. Male Wistar rats received Carissa spinarum root hydroethanolic extract at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days by oral gavage. Body weight changes, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ weight changes, malondialdehyde as a lipoperoxidation marker expressed according to tissue proteins, and histopathology of vital organs were assessed. Results. No signs of toxicity or mortality were observed during the 90 days experiment. Hematological parameters have not shown any treatment-related abnormalities. According to biochemical parameters, an increase in the chloride ion level was observed at 1000 mg/kg p < 0.01 . There was no significant difference between the treated groups and the control group concerning the malondialdehyde concentration, body weight, and organ relative weight. No changes in necropsy and histopathology of vital organs associated with extract treatment were observed. Conclusion. The results indicated that an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum does not cause adverse effects, which can lead to Wistar rats’ death after 90-day oral administration at 500 and 1000 mg.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIPARKINSONIAN ACTIVITY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF THE SEEDS OF VIGNA ACONITIFOLIA IN WISTAR ALBINO RAT

2019 ◽  
pp. 143-148
Author(s):  
SUSHMITA SINGH ◽  
IMTIYAZ ANSARI
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Vigna Aconitifolia ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the antiparkinsonian activity of hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Vigna aconitifolia (HEVA) in Wistar albino rat. Methods: In rats, catalepsy was induced using haloperidol (4 mg/kg i.p.). Treatment groups received bromocriptine (4 mg/kg) and HEVA at the dose of (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg) orally. Bar test for catalepsy, motor coordination test by rotarod, and locomotor activity by actophotometer were carried out to assess behavioral changes. Assay of dopamine and catalase was also carried out to assess biochemical parameters. Results: Bromocriptine and HEVA-treated groups showed a significant difference in behavioral and biochemical parameters as compared to haloperidol control group in the experimental models. Conclusion: Vigna aconitifolia seeds exhibited significant antiparkinsonian activity in haloperidol mouse model.

scholarly journals Influence of B. bovis hairworms on biochemical parameters of blood of patients with bovicolosis of calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (94) ◽  
pp. 163-168
Author(s):  
A. M. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Biochemical Research

The purpose of the work was to identify the features of the pathological process and changes in the main indicators of blood of cattle for the damage by its hairworms B. bovis. Scientific researches were conducted in the conditions of the Ploskivske BPPZ of the Brovarsky District of the Kyiv Region and the Laboratory of Biochemical Research of the National Cancer Institute. To do this, two groups of young cattle, black-and-white breeds up to one year old with 7 heads in each, were created. The experimental group included calves spontaneously invasive with hairworms. The control group was free of animal parasites. For this, they were previously, in two months, subjected to two-fold treatment with Insecticide Tactics (MSD, the Netherlands). Selected animals on the principle of analogues. All calves were in the same sanitary and hygienic conditions and received the same feed according to the diet. It was found that the glucose content in a sick young bovine animal was 6.25% (P < 0.5) higher than that in calf-free calves. There was a probable difference in the level of urea in the blood of animals, where the average level in the infected calves was 12.69% (P < 0.001) higher than in the control animals. The tendency to decrease by 15.31% (P < 0.5) was found in the average values of serum creatinine in calves in sick animals compared with the group of animals that served as controls and were free from parasites. In blood serum, calves infected with hairworms was found a slightly higher (4.25%, P < 0.5) level of total bilirubin than those found free from parasites. Indicators of serum cholesterol levels in blood serum of experimental animals were within normal limits. However, it was significantly lower by 14.71% (P < 0.05) in animals affected by parasites. The albumin-globulin ratio in our studies in invasive calves was 9.8% (P < 0.01) higher than that of control animals. In experimental calves with clinical manifestations of bovycolous, the average index of alkaline phosphatase content was 17.58% (P < 0.5) lower than its mean value in blood serum free of invasion by parasites of animals. Thus, among the biochemical parameters of serum of blood of invasive calves, a probable increase in urea and albumin to globulin ratios and a decrease in cholesterol was observed, indicating a negative effect of the hairworms on the organism of animals.

Metabolic changes in hyperlipidemic rats after administration of Xuezhikang

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Su ◽  
Bingbao Chen ◽  
Xiaoting Tu ◽  
Luxin Ye ◽  
Xiaojie Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Xuezhikang capsule, which contains cholesterol synthase inhibitors and a large number of natural statins, is put in the clinical application of lipid-lowering and so on. However, the specific use of dose, lipid-lowering effect and the relationship between metabolites are to be further studied. Introduction: Metabonomics is the study of the relationship between the change of quantity and physiological changes from metabolites. At present metabolomics has been widely used in drug development and testing. In this study, we developed a metabolomic method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to find out hyperlipemia-related substances, and study the lipid-lowering mechanism of Xuezhikang. Method: Fifty SD rats (220 ± 20 g) were given high-fat diet. After four-weeks modeling, they were randomly divided into semi-control group, high fat group, simvastatin intervention group and Xuezhikang intervention group (0.23, 0.69, 1.15 mg/kg, low, medium, high), each dosage in eight rats. The control group (rest eight rats) were given normal diet, and no specific treatment. The rats were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. Result: The biochemical and body weight indexes of the normal control group and the high fat group were significantly different (P <0.05), which indicated that the model of hyperlipidemia was established success. There was significant difference (P <0.05) between Xuezhikang intervention group and high fat control group (P <0.05), and hyperlipemia metabolomics related markers, oxalic acid, butyric acid, mannitol, glucose, glucuronic acid were found. Glucuronic acid and non-binding bilirubin combined with bilirubin, combined with some of the liver harmful substances, play a detoxification effect. Conclusion: The results of metabonomics showed that the high fat group and the control group were significant difference. Mannose, glucose content is relatively stable, lipid metabolism in high-fat group stearic acid, palmitic acid levels decreased, suggesting that high-fat diet disorders rat body lipid metabolism. It is worth mentioning that the experimental evaluation of rats such as biochemical indicators and pathological results are prompted to model success, Xuezhikang intervention effect is more significant, consistent with the expected.

scholarly journals Investigation of hallmarks of carbonyl stress and formation of end products in feline chronic kidney disease as markers of uraemic toxins

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Valle ◽  
Liviana Prola ◽  
Diana Vergnano ◽  
Roberta Borghi ◽  
Fiammetta Monacelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Advanced Oxidation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
End Products

Objectives Cats are commonly affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD). Many reactive carbonyl intermediates and end products originating from the oxidative stress pathways are recognised as uraemic toxins and may play a role in CKD progression. The aim of the present study is to confirm whether carbonyl end-product formation is higher in cats affected by CKD and to assess whether an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) might affect these hallmarks. Methods Twenty-two cats were divided into three groups: a control group (CG), cats with CKD and cats with CKD treated with an ACEi. Serum levels of pentosidine, carboxymethyllysine, advanced oxidation protein products, malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal and hexanoyl-lysine were measured. In addition, biochemical parameters and systolic blood pressure were evaluated. After checking for normality, comparisons between groups were performed followed by multiple comparison tests. P values ⩽0.05 were considered significant. Correlations between concentrations of the considered biomarkers and of the other metabolic parameters were investigated. Results Advanced oxidation protein products, malondialdehyde and hexanoyl-lysine concentrations were significantly higher in CKD and ACEi-treated groups compared with the CG ( P <0.05). Carboxymethyllysine increased in the ACEi-treated group when compared with the CG, whereas intermediate values of these biomarkers were found in the CKD group ( P <0.05). The ACEi-treated group showed the highest values of carboxymethyllysine, advanced oxidation protein products and hexanoyl-lysine. By contrast, the CKD group had the highest concentration of malondialdehyde. No statistically significant difference was found in the levels of pentosidine or methylglyoxal. End products correlated with creatinine and urea and with each other. Conclusions and relevance Significantly high concentrations of both intermediate and end products of carbonyl/oxidative stress were detected in CKD cats. This is the first study to have concurrently taken into account several uraemic toxins and biochemical parameters in cats affected by CKD.

scholarly journals Toxicity Studies on Aqueous Stem Bark of Khaya senegalensis Extract of Kidneys and Its Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
U. Abubakar ◽  
J. O. Adisa ◽  
U. Mohammed ◽  
R. I. Tsamiya ◽  
M. O. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Terminal Leaflet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Khaya senegalensis is a genus of seven species of trees in the mahogany family Meliaceae, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. Mahogany  in  English, Aganwo  in  Yoruba,  Madachi  in  Hausa  and  Ono  in  Igbo. All species become big trees 30–35m tall, rarely 45m, with a trunk over 1 m trunk diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4-6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet absent; each leaflet is 10–15 cm long abruptly rounded toward the apex but often with an acuminate tip. Aim: The  aim of  the study  was  to determine  the Toxic  effect of prolonged oral administration  of  the  aqueous stem bark of  Khaya senegalensis extract  on the histology of  Kidneys and its biochemical parameters in wistar rats. Methods: This work is an experimental research. A total of 20 wistar rats were randomly divided in to 5 groups each of which consist of 4 rats. Group 1 received distilled water to serve as control while group 2, 3, 4, and 5 received 500 mg/kg bw, 1000 mg/kg bw 2000 mg/kg bw  and 4000 mg/kg bw of the aqueous extract respectively for 60 days after which they were sacrificed, processed in Automatic Tissue Processor machine, Sectioned and stained with H &E. Results: There was statistical significant increase in urea and potassium in all the test groups but is not dose dependent. The creatinine was significantly increased in groups 2, 4 and 5. While other parameters such as sodium, chloride and bicarbonate no significant difference when compared to the control group. The kidney sections showed normal structure in group 1 when compared with the test groups. However, there was significant infiltration of inflammatory cell across all the groups which were suggestive of kidney damage or injury. Similarly phenomenon was noticed in group 5 with additional congestion in the glomerulus and more polymorphs seen. Conclusion: The LD50 was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg bw, therefore, 400 mg/kgbw was used as higher dose in the experimental wistar rats. There were statistical significant increases in some parameters groups while some groups not significant. The kidney section showed significant infiltration of polymorphs across all the groups more marked in group 5 with distension and damaging of the glomerulus indicating renal injury.

scholarly journals Effect of L-glutamic acid on some biochemical parameters of rat blood under the action of sodium nitrite

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
N. Salyha ◽  
R. Iskra
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Rat Blood ◽  
Blood Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Different Doses

The effect of different doses of L-glutamic acid on activity of antioxidant enzymes and some blood biochemical parameters in rats under the influence of sodium nitrite was studied. It was shown that administration of sodium nitrite leads to decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes and and hemoglobin and glucose content in the blood of animals.It was established, that changes of studied parameters were less expressed in rats administered of L-glutamic acid compared to the control group of animals.

scholarly journals Effect of Extracts of Kigelia Africana Fruit and Sorghum Bicolor Stalk on the Biochemical Parameters of Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Nkem F. Obianagha ◽  
Chukwuma J. Okafor ◽  
Ufuoma Chukwuani ◽  
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu ◽  
Omobolanle Abioye Ogundahunsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
World Population ◽  
Significant Difference

Diabetes and its complication continue to remain a concern in the world population despite the introduction of various hypoglycemic agents. Biochemical changes remain the major observable, clinical, and pathological factors as a derangement in the levels of these parameters increase the risk of developing complications. Although herbal extracts for the treatment of diabetes have been scientifically validated, the scientific interaction and alteration of the biochemical parameters due to the administration of this herbal product are not thoroughly investigated in this region. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the extract of Kigeliaafricana and Sorghum bicolor stalk on the biochemical parameters of diabetic-induced rats. A total of eleven groups containing five rats per group of randomly selected Alloxan-induced Diabetes Healthy Wistar rats of both sexes were used in the study, with one serving as the control group, another serving as glibenclamide treated group, and the remaining nine, extract treated groups. After the overnight fast, the control group received a dose of 0.5 ml of 2% w/v acacia solution. Glibenclamide treated group received 600 μg/kg body weight (bwt) glibenclamide. In contrast, the other nine groups received specified doses (125, 250, and 500mg/kg bwt) of Kigeliaafricana and Sorghum bicolor extracts singly and in a mixture of ratio 1:1, respectively. After receiving the specified doses once a day orally for 30 days, the rats fasted overnight, and 5 ml of blood collected via cardiac puncture into heparinized and fluoride bottles. The samples were spun and separated for biochemical profiles (plasma glucose, lipid profile, liver function test, and electrolytes urea and creatinine) using a commercially prepared kit with outlined procedures. The result showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) of plasma glucose level in the extract-treated rats, with a remarkable increase in untreated diabetic rats compared to the control. A significant reduction (p < 0.01) in the plasma levels of triglyceride and LDL-Chol was also observed in all treated groups at various doses of extracts compared to control with HDL-Chol values marginally increased in all extract-treated groups. Urea and creatinine showed a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in all treated doses except the lowest when compared to the control, while all the electrolytes parameters (Na+, K+, Cl- and HCO3-) show no significant difference (p > 0.05) across the groups when compared to the control. Liver function showed no significant differences in all parametersexcept for the noticeable decreasing effects on AST and ALT values compared to the control. The extracts and their mixture exhibited antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic activities and cardiovascular benefits due to their considerable lowering effects on total cholesterol, LDL-Chol, triglycerides, and increase in the HDL-Chol levels. The observed biological actions may be due to the presence of different phytocomponents present in the plant extracts. There is, therefore, a need to determine which of the active constituents has the main antidiabetic and hypolipidaemic effect for their optimal usage.

scholarly journals Assessment of selected biochemical parameters among food hawkers along the streets of Yenagoa Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Tonbra Egoro ◽  
Emmanuel Sunday Oni ◽  
Otaraku Jonathan Oye ◽  
Annabel Awele Idama
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was aimed on assessment of selected biochemical parameters among food hawkers along the streets of Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Five milliliter of blood specimen was collected from fifteen food hawkers with ≤ 5 years working experience (experimental group one), ≥ 5 years working experience (experimental group two) and nonfood hawkers (control group) respectively into lithium heparin anti-coagulated bottles. Thereafter alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein were measured quantitatively. The mean values of volunteers in experimental group one showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in alanine aminotransferase (7.46 ± 1.02), aspartate aminotransferase (7.02 ± 0.86), urea (7.70 ± 1.29) and creatinine (70.44 ± 3.54) as compared with the control group (7.42 ± 0.98), (6.98 ± 0.82), (7.65 ± 1.28) and (70.40 ± 3.52) respectively, but there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in C-reactive protein (17.40 ± 1.98) when compared with the control group (2.70 ± 0.70). However, the mean values of food hawkers in experimental group two showed statistically significant difference (p< 0.05) in all the measured biochemical parameters 27.70±2.98, 21.40±2.06, 15.50±2.02, 110.70±3.74, 29.42±3.20 as compared with that of the control group 7.42±0.98, 6.98±0.82, 7.65±1.28, 70.40±3.52, 2.74±0.70. The volunteers in experimental groups one and two showed 13% -27% and 53% -80% abnormal values of the measured biochemical parameters respectively as compared with that of the control group. In conclusion, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine and C-reactive protein may be altered in food hawkers with ≥ 5 years working experience. It is therefore recommended that food hawkers in this category should go for hepato-renal and inflammatory biochemical parameters checkup occasionally in any registered and licensed Medical Laboratory Facility.

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