A Problem for Global Egalitarianism

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-212
Author(s):  
Louis-Philippe Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Positive Answer ◽  
International Context ◽  
Reproductive Choices ◽  
Egalitarian Justice ◽  
Economic Inequalities

Do the demands of egalitarian justice extend to the international realm? Some believe that a positive answer follows from a simple line of reasoning: where a child happens to be born is a morally arbitrary fact; accordingly, it shouldn’t unduly influence her life prospects, as will inevitably be the case unless economic inequalities between countries are ironed out. I argue that this style of argument overlooks an important problem concerning the extent to which a person can unilaterally impose enforceable obligations on others by choosing to have a child. I maintain that properly egalitarian duties of distributive justice only arise when this problem of unilateral imposition has been solved. I further argue that solving the problem requires robust political institutions that do not exist in the international context—institutions instantiating a version of what John Rawls calls pure procedural justice, to ensure that the aggregate result of individual reproductive choices is acceptable to all.

On Liberty, Liberalism and Essential Contestability

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gray
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Robert Nozick ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Procedural Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In Virtue Of

The argument of this paper, which is conducted at two distinct levels of abstraction, has four parts. First, I consider how the disputed character of the concept of freedom bears on the definition of liberalism. This will be done by examining the contrasting accounts of the concept of freedom advanced by Felix Oppenheim and Sir Isaiah Berlin: my conclusion is that the contestability of the concept of freedom does not constitute an insuperable obstacle to formulating a working definition of liberalism. Secondly, I consider the general thesis that some, if not all, of the central concepts of social and political thought have an essentially contestable character, and look in particular at the application of this thesis to the concept of the ‘political’. Thirdly, I consider some aspects of the theories of distributive justice advanced by John Rawls and Robert Nozick, concluding that the supposedly contractarian mode of argument adopted by each of these writers is insufficient to yield the distributive principles specified, which must rather rest upon definite normative commitments and quasi-empirical assumptions about man and society. Fourthly, I explore the prospects of a procedural approach to questions of distributive justice, and I claim for such an approach a special congruence with basic liberal principles regarding equality and freedom. The substantive result of these arguments is that, within the conceptual framework of the liberal tradition, a just distribution is any that emerges from background economic and political institutions protecting equal freedom. The methodological or metatheoretical result is that, in virtue of the contestability and indeterminacy of the constitutive concepts and regulative principles of political discourse, my arguments fail to be demonstrative, having a persuasive and dialectical rather than a deductive form. If my arguments can be sustained, these are features of the paper it shares with every other essay in social philosophy.

The Social and Institutional Bases of Distributive Justice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Trade And Exchange ◽  
Cooperative Institutions

This chapter argues that distributive justice is institutionally based. Certain cooperative institutions are basic: they are necessary for economic production and the division of labor, trade and exchange, and distribution and consumption. These background institutions presuppose principles of justice to specify their terms, allocate productive resources, and define fair distributions. Primary among these basic institutions are property; laws and conventions enabling transfers of goods and productive resources; and the legal system of contract and agreements that make transfers possible and productive. Political institutions are necessary to specify, interpret, enforce, and make effective the terms of these institutions. Thus, basic cooperative institutions are social; they are realizable only within the context of social and political cooperation—this is a fixed empirical fact about cooperation among free and equal persons. Given the nature of fair social cooperation as a kind of reciprocity, distributive justice is primarily social rather than global in reach.

Pengaruh Persepsi Keadilan terhadapKinerja Distributor PT X dengan Ketergantungan sebagai Variabel Moderating

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-285
Author(s):  
Icuk Hertanto ◽  
Ade Witoyo
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
Market Control ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract: PT. X companies engaged in the national cement productionsector which are the market leaders in Indonesia which control the islandsof Java, Bali, Kalimantan and parts of Eastern Indonesia. The result of thisproduct tends to be a commodity product. So, to maintain market control isto maintain the level of availability of cement products. With suchchallenges, PT. X must maintain good relations with its distribution network.One important factor in maintaining good relations between suppliers andbuyers is the Perception of Organizational Justice that exists in both. Thepurpose of this study was to analyze the effect of perceptions oforganizational justice on the performance of the distributors of PT. X withdependence as moderating variable. This research is a quantitative studywith a total population of all distributors of PT. X. This study concludes thatorganizational justice has a positive effect on distributor performance, andthis influence is not moderated by dependency.Keywords: distributor performance, procedural justice, distributive justice,interactional justice, organizational justice, dependency.

scholarly journals ANTECEDENCE DAN CONSEQUENCES DARI SATISFACTION WITH RECOVERY TERHADAP FUTURE COMPLAINT INTENTIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Franciskus Maya Praba
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Service Recovery ◽  
Interactional Justice ◽  
Perceived Justice ◽  
Customer Complaint ◽  
Complaint Intentions

<p>The background of this research is managers need to analyze that customer service failure can arise customer complaint. It must be managed by service recovery to get customer satisfaction. Future complaint intentions has relationship with customer satisfaction. Every company need to investigate which is the compatible perceived justice to applied. The objective of this research is to investigate service recovery effects toward customer satisfaction, especially perceived justice ( interactional, procedural, distributive ) and how justice effects customer satisfaction and future complaint intentions. The design of this research applies to customer Bank BCA in Semarang which is has variants occupation and the questionnaires were spreaded away to 100 respondents by using purposive sampling. The result of this research are interactional justice and procedural justice has more influence on future complaint intentions. Despite, distributive justice and satisfaction with recovery decrease future complaint intentions.</p><p><strong>Keywords: Antacedence, satisfaction with recovery, future complaint intentions</strong></p>

scholarly journals TEISĖJO ELGESIO IR SPRENDIMO PROGNOZĖS SĄVEIKA VERTINANT PROCEDŪRINĮ TEISINGU

Psichologija ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
Alfredas Laurinavičius
Keyword(s):  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Legal Institutions ◽  
Status Recognition ◽  
Justice Judgments ◽  
Moderate Relationship

Teisingumo klausimas yra svarbus teisminio ginčo nagrinėjimo dalyviams. Suvoktas sprendimo ir procedūrinis teisingumas turi įtakos sprendimo ir jį priimančio asmens vertinimams. Atliktame faktoriniame 3 × 2 × 2 eksperimente buvo tiriama subjektyvios teisėjo sprendimo palankumo prognozės įtaka teisingumo vertinimams. Esant skirtingai teisėjo sprendimo prognozei, teisėjo elgesio ypatumai turi skirtingą įtaką procedūrinio teisingumo ir pasitikėjimo teismais vertinimams. Atliktas eksperimentas parodė, kad teisėjo elgesio ir procedūrinio teisingumo reikalavimų atitikimas yra ypač svarbus vertinant teisėjo elgesį tais atvejais, kai ginčo dalyvis prognozuoja nepalankų sau sprendimą arba neturi aiškios teisėjo sprendimo prognozės. Esant nepalankiai teisėjo sprendimo prognozei, teisėjo elgesio ir procedūrinio teisingumo reikalavimų atitikimas ypač stipriai veikia asmens pasitikėjimą teismais.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: teisingumo psichologija, procedūrinis teisingumas, ginčo sprendimas. THE INTERACTION OF JUDGE’S BEHAVIOR AND JUDGE’S DECISION PROGNOSIS IN THE PROCEDURAL JUSTICE JUDGMENTSAlfredas Laurinavičius SummaryPsychological research shows a big importance of procedural justice in dispute resolution. Perception of procedural justice affects evaluations of the performance of legal institutions and authorities, evaluations of legal decisions and outcomes, satisfaction with encounters with the legal system, support for legal institutions and compliance with law. According to K. van den Bos and E. A. Lind people are more affected by variation in fairness when they feel uncertain. Participants’ expectations about judge’s possible decision can moderate relationship between procedure and subjective evaluation of procedural justice. 3 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted: 3 (expectation of the possible decision: certainly positive, certainly negative, uncertain)× 2 (decision: positive vs. negative) × 2 (procedure: fair vs. unfair). The experiment was conduced in 2 Vilnius universities, participation was voluntary, participants were not paid. Data of 330 students (men and women) were analyzed. There were between 22 and 36 participants per cell. A scenario method was applied in the experiment. Participants were given a description of legal dispute of non material harm compensation. Participants were asked to imagine themselves as being defendant and evaluated a possibility of positive and negative decision. Participants were shown one of two videotapes with excerpts from litigation session. After watching the excerpt (fair treatment or unfair treatment) they received judge’s final decision (favorable or unfavorab le) and completed the questionnaire. Dependents variables in this experiment were participants’ evaluations of distributive justice, procedural justice, perceived voice, neutrality, trust in benevolence, status recognition and support for courts.A 2 × 2 × 3 ANOVA revealed significant interactions between Expectation and Procedure on perceived voice F (2,318) = 4.513, p < .05, η² = .028, neutrality F (2,318) = 3.413, p < .05, η² = .021 and support for courts F (2,318) = 3.084, p < .05, η² = .019. No interactions were found for distributive justice, procedural justice, trust in benevolence, status recognition. A significant effect of Expectation was found on distributive justice judgments F (2,317) = 5.02, p < .05, η² = .031. Those expected negative decision rated distributive justice more positively.The presented research shows that expectation of judge’s decision can moderate some procedural justice judgments and support for courts judgments. Variation of procedure had biggest effect on evaluation of perceived voice, neutrality and support for courts in condition when participant was expecting negative decision. It seems that expectation of negative decision makes people more sensitive to procedural issues. Being certain about positive decision decreases a role of procedure on those ratings.Keywords: Psychology of Justice, Procedural justice, Dispute resolution.

scholarly journals Hoe gezondheidsbeleid de toewijding van werknemers beïnvloedt

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Fekke Ybema ◽  
Maartje Bakhuys Roozeboom
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Job Resources

How health policy influences the dedication of employees How health policy influences the dedication of employees J.F. Ybema & M. Bakhuys Roozeboom, Gedrag & Organisatie, volume 22, November 2009, nr. 4, pp. 354-370. A longitudinal study with three yearly waves of data collection among 1.013 employees was used to examine whether employers' health policy improved dedication of employees. Furthermore, it was examined whether health policy improved autonomy, social support (from supervisor, from colleagues), and organizational justice (procedural, distributive), and whether health policy affects dedication through these job resources. The results showed that health policy at T1 contributed to higher dedication at T3, corrected for dedication at T1. Moreover, health policy did not improve autonomy, but it led to more social support from supervisor and colleagues and to more procedural and distributive justice at T2, corrected for these job resources at T1. The effects of health policy on dedication were partly mediated by more social support from the supervisor and by higher procedural justice. This means that employers should invest in health policy to improve the job resources and dedication of employees.

scholarly journals JALAN TERJAL EKOKRASI

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Al. Andang L. Binawan
Keyword(s):  
Procedural Justice ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
Human Position ◽  
Simple Definition

Abstrak Istilah ekokrasi bisa dipahami sebagai kekuasaan dari, oleh dan untuk alam seisinya. Hanya, pengertian sederhana itu mengandung kesulitan filosofis yang sangat besar. Kesulitan itu antara lain terkait dengan paham tentang alam secara keseluruhan maupun setiap bagiannya, dan juga tentang kedudukan manusia. Sebagai perbandingan, untuk memenuhi gagasan demokrasi pun diperlukan jalan panjang, bahkan terjal, apalagi ekokrasi. Empat gagasan dasar demokrasi, yaitu kesetaraan, kebebasan, otonomi dan partisipasi tidak bisa begitu saja diterapkan pada ekokrasi, meski untuk bisa merunut kemungkinan ekokrasi, perbandingan dengan demokrasi bisa membantu. Meski kemudian menemukan tanjakan-tanjakan kesulitan, bukan berarti ekokrasi tidak mungkin sama sekali. Beberapa prinsip dari Henryk Skolimowski maupun gagasan prosedural keadilan menurut John Rawls bisa dijadikan titik pijak mendaki ekokrasi.AbstractEcocracy can be understood as power of, by and for the nature and its contents. However, such a simple definition comprises a great philosophical difficulties. Such difficulties inter alia related to the understanding of the nature either holistically or partially, and also on the human position related to it. As a comparison, even to fulfill the idea democracy requires a long, even steep road, moreover on fulfilling ecocracy. Four basic ideas of demoracy, which are equality, freedom, autonomy and participation cannot be applied as such to ecocracy, although to be able to trace the possibilities of ecocracy, comparison to democracy may help. Although it will possibly crossing the ramps of difficulties, does not mean ecocracy is impossible. Some principles from Henryk Skolimowski, or the idea of procedural justice of John Rawls can be used as starting point in climbing ecocracy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice of Compensation and Emotional Intelligence on Affective Commitments

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Rizqi Febriandika
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Managerial Employees ◽  
Positive Effect

This research determines the distributive justice of compensation, procedural justice of compensation and emotional intelligence on affective commitment. The populations of this study are 115 non-managerial employees of three BMT in Yogyakarta. This study uses quantitative methods and SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) is used to analyze the data collection which is operationalized by the AMOS 21 application program. The results of this study indicate that distributive justice and emotional intelligence have a significant positive effect on affective commitment while procedural justice compensation has no effect on affective commitment.

scholarly journals Axel Honneth and The Reconstruction of Justice: An Attempt to Overcome the "Distribution Paradigm"

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Stanley Souza Marques ◽  
Marcelo Andrade Cattoni De Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Distributive Justice ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
Individual Life ◽  
Axel Honneth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Normative Reconstruction ◽  
Set Up

The article takes up the criticisms directed by Axel Honneth to the basic structure of the dominant conceptions of justice, but merely to point out the general outlines of his alternative project of justice normative reconstruction. If John Rawls and Michael Walzer structure theories of distributive justice very consistently and in order to get to the autonomy protection (already taken so) in a more sophisticated way, that to be satisfied it transcends the (mere) obligation of not interfering in the realization of individual life projects, Honneth proposes the radicalization of justice's demands. It is because he pays his attention to the mutual expectation of consideration. This point would be the new texture of the social justice. In this sense, the principles of fair distribution leave the scene to make way for principles which guidelines are directed towards the society basic institutions involved in a new goal: to set up favourable contexts for the success of plural reciprocal relationships.

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