International Co-operation as a Key Tool to Prevent IUU Fishing and Disputes over It

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 439-448
Author(s):  
Barbara Hutniczak ◽  
Frank Meere
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Abstract This paper highlights three major concerns pertaining to legal frameworks aimed at elimination of IUU fishing across the globe. First, gaps persist even among developed countries and there is room for improvement at national level and scope for cross-country exchange of experiences. Second, to avoid undermining its own efforts directed towards sustainable exploitation of marine resources, all states should be interested in supporting their counterparts in closing regulatory gaps in fisheries regulations. International collaboration can result in improved management of fishery resources in developing countries. Third, the adoption of best practices at a national level does not necessarily go hand in hand with introducing state-of-the-art measures at the regional level. States with well-developed national legal frameworks have an opportunity to have a positive impact on the development of conservation and management measures at the regional level, but the move towards best practice is slow.

Applicability of management guidelines for surfing resources in California

Shore & Beach ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Edward Atkin ◽  
Dan Reineman ◽  
Jesse Reiblich ◽  
David Revell
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Surf breaks are finite, valuable, and vulnerable natural resources, that not only influence community and cultural identities, but are a source of revenue and provide a range of health benefits. Despite these values, surf breaks largely lack recognition as coastal resources and therefore the associated management measures required to maintain them. Some countries, especially those endowed with high-quality surf breaks and where the sport of surfing is accepted as mainstream, have recognized the value of surfing resources and have specific policies for their conservation. In Aotearoa New Zealand surf breaks are included within national environmental policy. Aotearoa New Zealand has recently produced Management Guidelines for Surfing Resources (MGSR), which were developed in conjunction with universities, regional authorities, not-for-profit entities, and government agencies. The MGSR provide recommendations for both consenting authorities and those wishing to undertake activities in the coastal marine area, as well as tools and techniques to aid in the management of surfing resources. While the MGSR are firmly aligned with Aotearoa New Zealand’s cultural and legal frameworks, much of their content is applicable to surf breaks worldwide. In the United States, there are several national-level and state-level statutes that are generally relevant to various aspects of surfing resources, but there is no law or policy that directly addresses them. This paper describes the MGSR, considers California’s existing governance frameworks, and examines the potential benefits of adapting and expanding the MGSR in this state.

Responding to Disinformation

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-220
Author(s):  
Chris Marsden ◽  
Ian Brown ◽  
Michael Veale
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Online Advertising ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Mass Communications ◽  
Media Law ◽  
Electoral Laws ◽  
Legal Frameworks ◽  
Democratic Elections

This chapter elaborates on challenges and emerging best practices for state regulation of electoral disinformation throughout the electoral cycle. It is based on research for three studies during 2018–2020: into election cybersecurity for the Commonwealth; on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to regulate disinformation for the European Parliament; and for UNESCO, the United Nations body responsible for education. The research covers more than half the world’s nations, and substantially more than half that population, and in 2019 the two largest democratic elections in history: India’s general election and the European Parliamentary elections. Regulating digital dominance in electoral disinformation presents specific challenges in three very distinctive fields: election law, media law, and mass communications regulation, and targeted online advertising, including data protection law. Implementing best practices against electoral disinformation will require action by EMBs, data protection agencies, communications and media regulators, parliamentary authorities, and ministries of justice and equivalent Neither effective implementation, nor a disinterested assessment of best practice, can be guaranteed. Electoral laws are—like much history—written by the winners, often immediately after their victory. Legal frameworks need to be updated as a response to disinformation challenges discovered during electoral processes, as well as encompassing international best practice. Our ten recommendations for policymakers take account of these imperatives and uncertainties.

FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE FIGHT AGAINST FAKE NEWS

2021 ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
Anna S. Zueva ◽  
◽  
Liana A. Makaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Significant Information

The article describes the role of the Internet in the modern information society. The negative consequences of the openness of this information and telecommunications network are studied. The paper also substantiates the consequences of the activities of anonymous users who commit offenses. The authors consider the experience of combating fake news in developed countries (Great Britain, Germany, France) and emerging markets (Brazil, Venezuela, Egypt, Qatar, China, Singapore, Turkey). Special attention is paid to such a new phenomenon in the field of spreading false information as "deepfakes". As a result of a comparative legal analysis of regulation in the field of countering the publication of information that does not correspond to reality in online publications, it is concluded that many countries have realized the importance of the threat of spreading fake news. Foreign legislation is formed from the point of view of creating preventive measures in the field of dissemination of unreliable socially significant information. In addition, the authors of the study noted that the adoption of legal measures to combat the spread of fake news at the national level helps to minimize the negative socially significant consequences of the activities of offenders. From this point of view, these actions are absolutely justified and have a positive impact on the regulation of public relations on the Internet.

Training and Development: Best Practices

2002 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Bjornberg ◽  
Susan DellCioppia ◽  
Kelly Tanzer
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Training And Development ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The IPMA HR Benchmarking Committee has identified a series of successful approaches—“best practices”—in key human resource areas from the 2001–2002 HR Benchmarking Survey. The primary purpose of the benchmarking project is to provide human resource practitioners with tools, models, skills, methods, and data to improve the effectiveness of their human resource programs for their customers. The main goal of the benchmarking project is to: identify, measure, and share the best practices of leading HR organizations so that others can compare their practices to these HR organizations and identify opportunities to improve their own organizations. Rarely can a program or solution seamlessly transfer to every other organization, but the IPMA HR Benchmarking Committee will feature successful models for HR professionals to review and determine whether they may adopt or adapt the practice—or elements of the practice—in their own organizations. In conjunction with IPMA's available benchmarking data, the HR Benchmarking Committee will use the following criteria to determine which agencies have “potential” best practices. Training and Development was one of the “best practice” program areas identified. Linda Bjornberg, a member of the Benchmarking Committee, discusses the innovative and successful efforts of the selected HR organizations in measuring the impact of training on their organizations' missions. Successful over time Quantitative and/or qualitative results Recognized or recognizable positive outcomes — customer satisfaction — positive impact Innovative Replicable — transferable with modifications — portable — adds value by improving service, quality and/or productivity Meaningful to Users of the Benchmarking Site

scholarly journals The Ed O'Brien Street Law and Legal Literacy International Best Practices Conference, Durban, South Africa, April 2016

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Rebecca Grimes
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Strategic Responses ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Legal Literacy ◽  
The Law ◽  
Developing And Developed Countries

<p align="JUSTIFY">South Africa has been the home of a vibrant public legal education (PLE)　programme for many years. Indeed its Street Law initiative has been　described as one of the strategic responses to　and a　catalyst for change during the apartheid era. The focus on democracy and human rights for all　in the lead up to and following the 1994 election has aided the transition from the old regime to the new.　</p><p align="JUSTIFY">Ignorance of the law and legal process is of course a problem in many developing and developed countries and an　international conference was therefore　planned last year to bring the ever-expanding international legal literacy scene to Durban in order to identify and share best practice - an attempt to promote and support a better understanding of rights and responsibilities under the law.　</p><p align="JUSTIFY">The untimely death of the Street Law co-founder, Ed O'Brien, in July 2015　gave the event even greater poignancy. The conference was not only a global sharing of experience but also an important reminder of how this movement began and of Ed's (and others') role in that process.</p>

scholarly journals Analysis of the Workforce in Macroregion Two and Macroregion Four

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
Chiripuci Bogdan ◽  
◽  
Scrieciu Albert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
National Level ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Full Time ◽  
European Level ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Skilled Staff

he economic development that preceded the economic crisis of 2008 has caused a lack of staff on the labor market, in particular of specialists in certain key areas, in all developed countries. The acute shortage of skilled staff at European level is also found among Romania, where companies play an important role in defining society at local and regional level. Romania has about 19 million people, of whom only 5 million are full-time employees, and the labor market estimates a shortage of more than 1 million employees in 2021, according to a study by audit and consulting firm PwC. In this respect, it was considered appropriate to analyze two development macroregions in Romania, which register smallest, respectively the and largest population in terms of national level. The general objective of the research is to identify the macroregion that has a greater potential for making private and even public investments. In this way, the method of multicriteria analysis at the level of applied methodology was used, so that current and future entrepreneurs can observe a clear delimitation of the two opposite areas of the country, regarding the existing potential on the labor market. Being positioned in opposite parts of the country, Macroregion Two and Macroregion Four each have certain specific economic characteristics, which can lead to a sustainable maroregional strategy for on the stability and prosperity of the labor market.

Job and Worker Flows

2015 ◽  
pp. 62-76
Author(s):  
N. Vishnevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Worker Flows ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cross Country

Current economic literature demonstrates an increasing interest to the process of job’s creation and destruction as well to labor force turnover. The article summarizes the results of recent foreign theoretical and empirical research on various aspects of labor mobility. Particular attention is paid to the research analyzing differences in dynamics of labor and job reallocations in developed and transitional economies. The cross-country comparative analysis provide a basis for several important conclusions. Firstly, despite significant cross-country differences the dynamics of job reallocation in economies under transition exceeds on the whole those in developed countries. Secondly, the structure of the economy (manufacturing sector versus services) is one of the main factors determining both job and worker flows. Thirdly, there is an opposite relationship between the dynamics of job turnover and the size of enterprise. Small firms play a very important role in job creation, while large firms dominate in absolute numbers of jobs created. Fourthly, among the factors determining the differences in job and labor force dynamics institutional characteristics occupy an important place. This suggests that country-specific policies and institutions are likely to play an important role in determining the level of job and worker reallocation. Stringent employment protection for regular contracts is believed to have a statistically significant negative effect on the workers’ reallocation. Unemployment benefits’ generosity appears to have a positive impact on average gross worker flows. By contrast, statutory minimum wages do not seem to have any sizeable effect on gross worker flows.

scholarly journals Health care professionals' perspectives on the requirements facilitating the roll-out of kangaroo mother care in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 228-237
Author(s):  
Wilma Ten Ham ◽  
Karin C.S. Minnie ◽  
Christa S.J.C. Van der Walt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
South African ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
National Level ◽  
Kangaroo Mother Care ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Roll Out

Background: Using best evidence to inform practice is the cornerstone of quality patient care, and requires spread, uptake, implementation and roll-out of best practices. Kangaroo mother care (KMC) was used as a best practice which has been partly rolled-out in South Africa. In order for successful roll-out of best practices, it is important to understand what health professionals perceive as requirements for the rolling-out process. However, no published research was found on requirements for rolling-out a best practice in the South African context.Purpose of the research: To explore and describe the perspectives of health professionals on the requirements for the rolling-out process of KMC as a best practice in South Africa.Methodology: Twelve semi-structured individual interviews were conducted in 2012 with health professionals from various South African healthcare levels, involved in the implementation and the rolling-out process of kangaroo mother care. Content analysis were guided in terms of the four requirements for roll-out of best practices, identified in Edwards and Grinspun's Evidence Informed Model of Care.Results: The requirements for the successful rollout of best practices mentioned by the participants in this study concur with the requirements of Edwards and Grinspun: personal alignment and protocol/policy alignment with the best practice; a roll-out plan; leadership; and supporting and reinforcing structures such as: resources, communicating, education and development regarding the best practice, and the organisational structure. The requirements were identified at four different levels: individual level (e.g. the nurse and medical specialists), management level (of the hospital), provincial level and national level.

scholarly journals The impact of private accommodation on economic development of tourist destination-the case of Dubrovnik-Neretva County

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Portolan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Regional Economic Development ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Lodging Industry ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overnight Stays

Private accommodation capacities are a growing segment of the lodging industry in Croatia. In private accommodation capacities 2,684 million tourists were registered in 2010, there were 19,4 million overnight stays, which makes 25% of total arrivals and 34% of total overnights. Although studies have been made on economic impact of tourism on a destination (at the national level), the issues of the impact of private accommodation haven't been given due attention. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to estimate the importance of private accommodation in development of tourist destination on regional level through consumption of tourists accommodated in private capacities, as well as to confirm that tourism receipts realised in private capacities have a positive impact on regional economic development. 

Do clusters matter to firm and regional development and growth?

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to analyse the impact of clusters on development and growth at the firm and regional level in Latin America (LA). The past 20 years have witnessed an acceleration of cluster initiatives, assuming their positive impact on firm performance and regional development. However, theoretical development and empirical meta-studies in emerging countries to validate this assumed relationship are scarce. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews empirical evidence from a population of 123 studies and a sample of 45 empirical studies including 216 clusters in LA. Findings – It concludes that clusters contribute to both development and growth at the firm- and regional-level contingent to factors such as cluster stage of development, collective efficiency, the pattern of governance of the value chain and the sector in which the firm operates; however, clusters are also a potential source of socio-economic divides. Originality/value – Therefore, these results qualify the conclusions of studies of clusters in developed countries (Porter, 2003; Delgado et al., 2010).

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