scholarly journals Analysis of the Workforce in Macroregion Two and Macroregion Four

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-41
Author(s):  
Chiripuci Bogdan ◽  
◽  
Scrieciu Albert ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
National Level ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Full Time ◽  
European Level ◽  
Public Investments ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Skilled Staff

he economic development that preceded the economic crisis of 2008 has caused a lack of staff on the labor market, in particular of specialists in certain key areas, in all developed countries. The acute shortage of skilled staff at European level is also found among Romania, where companies play an important role in defining society at local and regional level. Romania has about 19 million people, of whom only 5 million are full-time employees, and the labor market estimates a shortage of more than 1 million employees in 2021, according to a study by audit and consulting firm PwC. In this respect, it was considered appropriate to analyze two development macroregions in Romania, which register smallest, respectively the and largest population in terms of national level. The general objective of the research is to identify the macroregion that has a greater potential for making private and even public investments. In this way, the method of multicriteria analysis at the level of applied methodology was used, so that current and future entrepreneurs can observe a clear delimitation of the two opposite areas of the country, regarding the existing potential on the labor market. Being positioned in opposite parts of the country, Macroregion Two and Macroregion Four each have certain specific economic characteristics, which can lead to a sustainable maroregional strategy for on the stability and prosperity of the labor market.

scholarly journals Inflation and Prices of Agricultural Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-217
Author(s):  
Nikola Njegovan ◽  
Mirela Tomaš Simin
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Market ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
International Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Constant Growth

AbstractThe stability of business in an economy has always been the primary goal that is difficult to achieve, and inflation is most often used as its basic indicator. It is a signal of change in the general price level. The paper analyzes inflation and prices of agricultural and food products as a combined phenomenon, examines their causes and consequences in the Republic of Serbia. Particular importance is attached to the change in prices of agri-food products and the prices of inputs caused by the changes that are taking place at the global level, which are gaining increasing influence in the national context. The change in price parity and the influence of the world monopolistic structure on inflation are pointed out. It also points to the importance of demand, which causes inflation in less developed countries, and which results in higher food prices, additionally putting pressure on wage growth, which, as a rule, is not a consequence of productivity growth. The authors state that with the internationalization of business activities, there was a transfer of influence of international trends on the level and effects of inflation at the national level. Given the trends in the world market, it can be concluded that the prices of agri-food products will not decrease. However, they will - due to the pressure exerted by the constant growth of the population, i.e. on the demand side, demand inflation will constantly manifest.

International Co-operation as a Key Tool to Prevent IUU Fishing and Disputes over It

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 439-448
Author(s):  
Barbara Hutniczak ◽  
Frank Meere
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Iuu Fishing ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Abstract This paper highlights three major concerns pertaining to legal frameworks aimed at elimination of IUU fishing across the globe. First, gaps persist even among developed countries and there is room for improvement at national level and scope for cross-country exchange of experiences. Second, to avoid undermining its own efforts directed towards sustainable exploitation of marine resources, all states should be interested in supporting their counterparts in closing regulatory gaps in fisheries regulations. International collaboration can result in improved management of fishery resources in developing countries. Third, the adoption of best practices at a national level does not necessarily go hand in hand with introducing state-of-the-art measures at the regional level. States with well-developed national legal frameworks have an opportunity to have a positive impact on the development of conservation and management measures at the regional level, but the move towards best practice is slow.

Turnout in Multi-Level Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sona N. Golder ◽  
Ignacio Lago ◽  
André Blais ◽  
Elisabeth Gidengil ◽  
Thomas Gschwend
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
European Level ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
European Elections ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Different Levels

Voters face different incentives to turn out to vote in one electoral arena versus another. Although turnout is lowest in European elections, it is found that the turnout is only slightly lower in regional than in national elections. Standard accounts suggest that the importance of an election, in terms of the policy-making power of the body to be elected, drives variation in turnout across elections at different levels. This chapter argues that this is only part of the story, and that voter attachment to a particular level also matters. Not all voters feel connected to each electoral arena in the same way. Although for some, their identity and the issues they most care about are linked to politics at the national level, for others, the regional or European level may offer the political community and political issues that most resonate with them.

scholarly journals Baseline risk factor prevalence among adolescents aged 15–17 years old: findings from National Non-communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS) of India

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e044066
Author(s):  
Prashant Mathur ◽  
Vaitheeswaran Kulothungan ◽  
Sravya Leburu ◽  
Anand Krishnan ◽  
Himanshu Kumar Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

ObjectiveTo generate national estimates of key non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years) identified in the National NCD Monitoring Framework and, study the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards NCD risk behaviours among school-going adolescents.Design and settingA community-based, national, cross-sectional survey conducted during 2017–2018. The survey was coordinated by the Indian Council of Medical Research—National Centre for Disease Informatics and Research with 10 reputed implementing research institutes/organisations across India in urban and rural areas.ParticipantsA multistage sampling design was adopted covering ages between 15 and 69 years—adolescents (15–17 years) and adults (18–69 years). The sample included 12 000 households drawn from 600 primary sampling units. All available adolescents (15–17 years) from the selected households were included in the survey.Main outcome measuresKey NCD risk factors for adolescents (15–17 years)—current tobacco and alcohol use, dietary behaviours, insufficient physical activity, overweight and obesity.ResultsOverall, 1402 households and 1531 adolescents completed the survey. Prevalence of current daily use of tobacco was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.0% to 4.7%), 25.2% (95% CI: 22.2% to 28.5%) adolescents showed insufficient levels of physical activity, 6.2% (95% CI: 4.9% to 7.9%) were overweight and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.0% to 2.9%) were obese. Two-thirds reported being imparted health education on NCD risk factors in their schools/colleges.ConclusionThe survey provides baseline data on NCD-related key risk factors among 15–17 years in India. These national-level data fill information gaps for this age group and help assess India’s progress towards NCD targets set for 2025 comprehensively. Though the prevalence of select risk factors is much lower than in many developed countries, this study offers national evidence for revisiting and framing appropriate policies, strategies for prevention and control of NCDs in younger age groups.

scholarly journals A systematic review of waterborne disease burden methodologies from developed countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Murphy ◽  
K. D. M. Pintar ◽  
E. A. McBean ◽  
M. K. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
True Incidence

The true incidence of endemic acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) attributable to drinking water in Canada is unknown. Using a systematic review framework, the literature was evaluated to identify methods used to attribute AGI to drinking water. Several strategies have been suggested or applied to quantify AGI attributable to drinking water at a national level. These vary from simple point estimates, to quantitative microbial risk assessment, to Monte Carlo simulations, which rely on assumptions and epidemiological data from the literature. Using two methods proposed by researchers in the USA, this paper compares the current approaches and key assumptions. Knowledge gaps are identified to inform future waterborne disease attribution estimates. To improve future estimates, there is a need for robust epidemiological studies that quantify the health risks associated with small, private water systems, groundwater systems and the influence of distribution system intrusions on risk. Quantification of the occurrence of enteric pathogens in water supplies, particularly for groundwater, is needed. In addition, there are unanswered questions regarding the susceptibility of vulnerable sub-populations to these pathogens and the influence of extreme weather events (precipitation) on AGI-related health risks. National centralized data to quantify the proportions of the population served by different water sources, by treatment level, source water quality, and the condition of the distribution system infrastructure, are needed.

Intergenerational Earnings Mobility in Italy

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sauro Mocetti
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Labor Market Success ◽  
Term Labor

Abstract This paper contributes to the growing number of studies on intergenerational mobility by providing a measure of earnings elasticity for Italy. The absence of an appropriate data set is overcome by adopting the two-sample two-stage least squares method. The analysis, based on the Survey of Household Income and Wealth, shows that intergenerational mobility is lower in Italy than it is in other developed countries. We also examine the reasons why the long-term labor market success of children is related to that of their fathers.

Environmental Behavior in Cross-National Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio Pisano ◽  
Mark Lubell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Behavior ◽  
National Level ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Proenvironmental Behavior ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross National

This article seeks to explain cross-national differences on environmental behavior. After controlling for a series of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors, it was predicted that national levels of wealth, postmaterialism, education development, and environmental problems are positively related to environmental behavior. The national-level variance is to a substantial degree explained by individual-level variables, capturing compositional effects. The remaining variance is explained by the contextual-level variables. All of the country-level variables are predictors in the expected direction, with the exception of environmental degradation, which is negatively related to behavior, and education development, which has no impact on private environmental behavior. More importantly, cross-level interactions show that in more developed countries, there are stronger relationships between proecological attitudes and reported proenvironmental behavior. These findings contribute to the growing cross-cultural research on environmental behavior pointing out the necessity of simultaneously assessing the effects of both individual and contextual-level forces affecting behavior across nations.

DESAIN PENGUATAN KUALITAS POLITIK DINASTI DALAM PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-163
Author(s):  
Ahmad Siboy
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
National Level ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Dynastic Politics ◽  
Political Design ◽  
The Ideal

The purpose of this reseach is to describe the factors and implications of the proliferation of political dynasties and to find designs to create dynastic politics that do not conflict with the spirit of local democracy in Indonesia. The problem of this research is the factors and implications that make politics flourish in simultaneous Pilkada and the ideal dynastic political design. The research method used is normative juridical through the concept of an approach, legislation, case approach and historical approach. The results showed that dynastic politics mushroomed because the regional head as the ruler was unable to run again, the ruler at the national level wanted to use his power to place family members as rulers at the regional level. As a result, many candidates for regional heads are nominated without the competence and willingness to become regional heads. The ideal dynastic political design can be achieved with the requirements to be declared valid as a candidate for regional head as well as regulations that prevent unqualified regional head candidates from fulfilling formal or legal requirements as regional head candidates.

scholarly journals Freedom of conscience in Europe? An analysis of three cases of midwives with conscientious objection to abortion

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Fleming ◽  
Beate Ramsayer ◽  
Teja Škodič Zakšek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Level ◽  
Major Area ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Church Law

While abortion has been legal in most developed countries for many years, the topic remains controversial. A major area of controversy concerns women’s rights vis-a-vis the rights of health professionals to opt out of providing the service on conscience grounds. Although scholars from various disciplines have addressed this issue in the literature, there is a lack of empirical research on the topic. This paper provides a documentary analysis of three examples of conscientious objection on religious grounds to performing abortion-related care by midwives in different Member States of the European Union, two of which have resulted in legal action. These examples show that as well as the laws of the respective countries and the European Union, professional and church law each played a part in the decisions made. However, support from both professional and religious sources was inconsistent both within and between the examples. The authors conclude that there is a need for clear guidelines at both local and pan-European level for health professionals and recommend a European-wide forum to develop and test them.

The politics of European integration: A European labour movement in the making?

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Taylor ◽  
Andy Mathers
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
National Level ◽  
European Level ◽  
Member States ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Boundaries

This paper explores the logical and historical determinants of European integration and reflects on the potential and dangers this presents for labour movement renewal. Through the principle of ‘subsidiarity’ a regulatory gap has been established between political mobilisation at the national level and neo-liberal regulation at the European level. The historical determination of this form is traced through an exploration of the social struggles against neo-liberalism that have developed within member states and transnational mobilizations that bridge this regulatory gap by linking resistance across national boundaries.

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