Peacekeepers and the People: Domestic Evaluations of Peacekeeping Operations in Haiti

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 385-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malone Mary Fran T. ◽  
Chavda Roslyn K.
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Domestic Institutions ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
The People ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Peacekeeping Forces ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Better Than

What leads peacekeeping forces to secure the support of the people they serve? This paper answers this question by examining public support for MINUSTAH, the peacekeeping force currently deployed in Haiti. Our analysis of public opinion data finds that in Haiti, peacekeepers have not fared much better than most domestic institutions in terms of legitimacy. We find that both before and after the 2010 earthquake, public support for peacekeepers trailed the low levels of support for domestic institutions. To understand why MINUSTAH has struggled to earn the support of the people it serves, we examine public evaluations of the peacekeeping mission and identify the determinants of support for peacekeepers, focusing in particular on the role of service provision in predicting people’s support for MINUSTAH.

scholarly journals Behavioral Patterns of Women Who Employ Their Leisure Time in Sports Activities: An Application of the Football Branch

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Yeşer Eroğlu ◽  
Selami Özsoy
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Time ◽  
Positive Perception ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Gender Perceptions ◽  
Football Team ◽  
The People ◽  
Football Match ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Perceptions

This study is conducted to reveal the role of gender in attending leisure time activities and to determine gender perceptions about sports branches. For this purpose, an application was performed with the participation of 7 female students from Abant Izzet Baysal University School of Physical Education and Sport. For 8 weeks, volunteer participants saw home-field football matches of Boluspor Football Team, playing in the First League of Turkish Football Federation. Focus group discussions were conducted with the participants both before and after the application. The research was based on qualitative method, and the data of the research was analyzed via NVIVO 10 program. It is detected that the participants had negative perceptions about attending a football match before the application, but this transformed into a positive perception after the application. Participants emphasized that there were some obstacles in front of women in attending leisure time activities, yet argued that these obstacles could disappear with increased participation. Participants also remarked that negative perception shared by the people in their close circles about seeing football matches transformed into positive perception after the application. Moreover, participants stated that attending leisure time activities strengthened socialization and communication.

Quality of Government and Environmental Sustainability

2021 ◽  
pp. 398-426
Author(s):  
Marina Povitkina ◽  
Simon Matti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Natural Resource Use ◽  
Environmental Public Goods ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research on the relationship between quality of government (QoG) and environmental sustainability is scant, scattered across different disciplines, and is characterized by a disconnect between studies focusing on the effects of QoG on the micro level (individual behavior) and micro level (country policies and actions). The chapter synthesizes the different literatures on the connection between various elements of QoG, such as low levels of corruption, bureaucratic capacity, and rule of law, on the one hand, and environmental sustainability on the other hand. On the macro level, it theorizes the role of QoG in securing governments’ production of environmental public goods. On the micro level, the chapter discusses how QoG can shape cooperation in collective action dilemmas over natural resource use, as well as how it contributes to generating public support of and compliance with environmental policies.

Role of Social Media in Environment Awareness

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-139
Author(s):  
Veethika Tilwankar ◽  
Swapnil Rai ◽  
S. P. Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Environmental Awareness ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Environmental Disturbance ◽  
Environment Policy ◽  
The People ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Environment Awareness

In the past few decades, due to ever increasing needs and greed of man, our environmental quality is deteriorating day by day. Global warming, climate change, hurricanes, melting of icebergs, floods, acid rain, and extinction of flora and fauna is all due to environmental disturbance. Environmental issues have become serious health threats to humans. Pollution is the main reason behind many types of cancer, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases, which sometimes lead to death. Environment conservation has become the priority of every country worldwide. This problem, which we are facing today, is due to lack of environmental awareness among the individuals and lack of knowledge. This problem can be solved if environmental awareness amongst the people could be raised. The advantage of environment awareness is its contribution to public support for government action in environment policy and management. Environmental awareness can be raised with the educational and informative programs. This chapter explores the role of social media in raising environmental awareness.

Role of Ayurveda for Poor and Pandemics (Covid19) – A Review article

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 923-927
Author(s):  
Anuradha Kishor Ingale ◽  
Pooja Shrivastav
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The People ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Rule Out

The goal of Ayurveda is prevention is better than cure. There are a total of 9152 COVID-19 cases reported in India (till April 13, 2020), 308 people were died because of this disease, and 856 patients were treated successfully in our Country. This virus can easily affect or harm those individuals who have an infection, less immunity and especially who all have been aged more than sixty. Most of the countries are worried only for their people's life (health). In contrast, the developing countries like India that has a large population have to consider about the livelihood for people like Below Poverty Line (BPL) or those living in slum areas, equally with their life. The main aim of the article is to aware the people not only Urban but also among Rural and needy individuals to adopt the Ayurveda lifestyle during Covid19 outbreak. For this to study various methods which are described in Ayurveda for boosting immunity among various individuals. This study is a review type of article. All information and references have been collected and compiled from various available Ayurvedic classics texts. Research articles are also searched from various websites related to Covid19 outbreak and its effect on needy individuals. All matters have been analysed for some discussion, and an attempt has been made to rule out some conclusions. During this lockdown, people are mostly living a sedentary lifestyle which not only weakens their immune system but also make them more susceptible to infections. Hence Ayurveda is a science of life that is mainly focusing on strengthening persons by boosting their immune system through improving our lifestyle by using medicines, diets, meditation and activities like Yoga. This article will give insights about poor people and effective strategy to threat COVID-19 through Ayurveda in India.

A Person-Centered Perspective on the Role of Peer Support and Extreme Peer Orientation in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 893-903
Author(s):  
Koen Raymaekers ◽  
Sofie Prikken ◽  
Leen Oris ◽  
Janne Vanhalst ◽  
Philip Moons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Youth Development ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Peer Orientation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
High Support ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Despite clear evidence that peers are crucial for youth development, research on the role of peers for youth with Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is scarce. Purpose The present study identified trajectory classes of perceived peer functioning in youth with T1D, based on peer support and extreme peer orientation (EPO). Further, classes were compared with respect to their trajectories of depressive symptoms, diabetes-specific distress, treatment adherence, and HbA1c values. Methods Five hundred and fifty-nine youth (14–25 years) with T1D completed questionnaires at baseline, 1, 2, and 3 years later. Latent class growth analysis identified classes of perceived peer functioning. Multigroup latent growth curve modelling assessed whether these classes were characterized by different trajectories of general and diabetes-specific functioning. Results A socially normative class (48%) was characterized by trajectories of high support and low EPO over time. A socially reserved class (29%) was characterized by low support and EPO, and a socially oriented class (17%) by high support and EPO. Finally, a socially vulnerable class (6%) was characterized by low support and high EPO. The normative class functioned significantly better over time than the other classes. The vulnerable class functioned significantly worse compared to the reserved class, despite experiencing equally low levels of support. Conclusions The results underscore the need to take youths’ orientation toward the peer context into account alongside support when tapping into the role of peers, because individuals with low levels of support and EPO functioned substantially better than individuals with similar low levels of support but high levels of EPO.

Time is of the essence: The causal effect of duration on support for war

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-796
Author(s):  
Ali Sanaei
Keyword(s):  
Causal Effect ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
War Of Attrition ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Levels Of Support ◽  
Over Time

It is often observed that public support for asymmetric wars diminishes over time, but the micro foundations of this observation are not fully understood. I present a modified war of attrition model for asymmetric wars which shows that as time passes, belligerents’ expectations for the remaining duration of war increase and they find fighting less favorable. Even when we keep the average rate of casualty accrual constant, the anticipated length of fighting into the future affects expected remaining costs of war. Therefore, in a cost-benefit calculation, observed duration causally affects expected remaining costs of war and, hence, leads to lower levels of support for war over time. The longer the war lasts, the more it will look like a never-ending war which may encourage the strong side to cut its losses short and stop the war. Because duration and aggregate costs are highly correlated in observational data, I use a randomized survey experiment to separate the effect of duration from the effect of costs on support for war. The result is that duration has a negative effect on public support which is independent of aggregate costs. This helps us better understand the limits of democratic states’ capabilities in fighting asymmetric wars and suggests that when military planners ignore the role of time, they deploy weaker-than-optimal forces.

scholarly journals Disparate foundations of scientists’ policy positions on contentious biomedical research

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (24) ◽  
pp. 6262-6267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achim Edelmann ◽  
James Moody ◽  
Ryan Light
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Peer Associations ◽  
Echo Chamber ◽  
Scientific Expertise ◽  
Better Than

What drives scientists’ position taking on matters where empirical answers are unavailable or contradictory? We examined the contentious debate on whether to limit experiments involving the creation of potentially pandemic pathogens. Hundreds of scientists, including Nobel laureates, have signed petitions on the debate, providing unique insights into how scientists take a public stand on important scientific policies. Using 19,257 papers published by participants, we reconstructed their collaboration networks and research specializations. Although we found significant peer associations overall, those opposing “gain-of-function” research are more sensitive to peers than are proponents. Conversely, specializing in fields directly related to gain-of-function research (immunology, virology) predicts public support better than specializing in fields related to potential pathogenic risks (such as public health) predicts opposition. These findings suggest that different social processes might drive support compared with opposition. Supporters are embedded in a tight-knit scholarly community that is likely both more familiar with and trusting of the relevant risk mitigation practices. Opponents, on the other hand, are embedded in a looser federation of widely varying academic specializations with cognate knowledge of disease and epidemics that seems to draw more heavily on peers. Understanding how scientists’ social embeddedness shapes the policy actions they take is important for helping sides interpret each other’s position accurately, avoiding echo-chamber effects, and protecting the role of scientific expertise in social policy.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Study on Role of Trikantakadi Kwath in Mutrakrichhra

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Shivani Sundriyal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Damage ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Urinary Disorders ◽  
The People ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diet Pattern ◽  
Conceptual Study ◽  
Urinary Disorder

Nowadays its commonly seen that majority of the people are affected from urinary disorder that may be due to their lifestyle, diet pattern, low water intake, using western toilet habit, contaminated water, anatomical anomalies and metabolic derangements. In Ayurveda urinary disorders comes under Mutrvahasrotasa and describe in the form of Mutrakricchra and Mutraghata. In both of the form Mutra Vibandha is there but in case of Mutrakricchra krichhrata is more prominent present mainly in the form of pain during before and after micturition that manifest in form of burning, tingling and stinging of urethra. Urinary disorders have become most common cause of morbidity and when further increases cause renal damage. Though the use of antibiotics has resolved the problem but relapses resistance and side effects are also associated with their long-term use. Now the need of Ayurvedic medicine arises to fill this lacuna. There are number of preparations described in Ayurveda text and trikantakadi kwath in one among them and it has wonderful propertiese that helps in curing mutrakrichhra.

scholarly journals Perjuangan Rakyat Banten Melawan Belanda: Studi Tentang K.H. Wasyid

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
Parlindungan Siregar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
The People ◽  
Military Background ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Netherlands Indies ◽  
The Government

Abstract The Dutch administration took-over  VOC in 1799 following its collaps and bangkrupt. Since, there were many government policies to the people of Netherlands Indies caused greater challenges form the people by making against and rebellions. These against and rebellions  had started from the beginning of nineteen century to the end, i.e. the revolt of the Banten peasent in Cilegon 1888 under K.H. Wasyid command. This study focused on how K.H. Wasyid made contact with the other religious leaders;  like kiai, ustadz, sufi teacher, and with other  informal leader like Jawara to involve and joint the action of against and rebellion faced the government. And how he made planning and preparation. The other question which is to be answered related to why his call very interesting for them whereas he was not a military background. This study also to know what was the matter in this rebellion, before, and after. Academicaly, the role of K.H. Wasyid was not elaborated by scholars yet  although this rebellion was precepted seriously by the Dutch Administration and commented by many professors.---Abstrak Pemerintah konial Belanda mengambil-alih VOC pada tahun 1799 sebab korupsi dan bangkrut. Sejak itu, banyak kebijakan pemerinah yang diambil berimplikasi sangat.  Akhirnya mereka melakukan perlawanan dan pemberontakan terhadap pemerintah yang dimulai sejak awal abad XIX hingga pemberontakan Cilegon 1888 yang dipimpin KH. Wasyid. Studi tentang ini fokus pada bagaimana KH. Wasyid melakukan kontak dengan pemimpin-pemimpin agama lainnya seperti Kiai, Ustadz, dan guru sufi agar terlibat dan  ikut aksi perlawanan dan bagaimana beliau membuat perencanaan dan persiapan. Pertanyaan berikutnya adalah mengapa ajakan KH. Wasid menarik padahal beliau tidak terlatih dalam militer. Riset ini juga penting untuk mengetahui apa yang terjadi dalam peristiwa ini dan sesudahnya. Peran KH. Wasyid belum dielaborasi secara akademik oleh para sarjana padahal pemberontakan ini dianggap serius oleh pemerintah kolonial bahkan banyak guru besar yang mengomentari peristiwa ini.DOI: 10.15408/al-turas.v23i1.4801

Relic Hunters

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Snead
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Smithsonian Institution ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
19Th Century America

Relic Hunters is a study of the complex relationship between the people of 19th century America with the material antiquities of North America's indigenous past. As scholars struggled to explain their existence, farmers in Ohio were plowing up arrowheads, building their houses atop burial mounds, and developing their own ideas about antiquity. They experienced the new country as a "place with history" reflected in material traces that became important touch points for scientific knowledge, but for American cultural identity as well. Relic Hunters traces the encounter with American antiquities from 1812 to 1879. This encompasses the period when archaeology took root in the United States: it also spans the "deep settlement" of the Midwest and sectional strife both before and after the Civil War. At the center of the story is the first iconic find of American archaeology, known as "the Kentucky Mummy." Discovered deep in a cavern, this dessicated burial became the subject of scholarly competition, traveling exhibitions, and even poetry. The book uses the theme of the Kentucky Mummy to structure the broader story of the public and American antiquities, a tour that leads through rural museums, mound excavations, lecture tours, shady deals, and ultimately into the famous attic of the Smithsonian Institution. Ultimately, Relic Hunters is a story of the American landscape, and of the role of archaeology in shaping that place. Derived from letters, memoranda, and reports found in more than a dozen archives, this is a unique account of a critical encounter that shaped local and national identity in ways that are only now being explored.

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