Enforcing Social Control in Rural Myanmar: Identifying the Implementer in the Pa-O Self-Administered Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-208
Author(s):  
Ricky Wai-Kay Yue
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Land Grabbing ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
National Organisation

Abstract The Pa-O National Organisation (pno) was the only pro-regime ethnic political party that managed to retain all its seats in the 2015 Myanmar election. Amid accusations of rampant land grabbing and faced strong competitions from political parties at the national, regional and local levels, how did the pno manage to secure the seats? Through quantitative analysis, the paper noted a statistically significant volatility in the turnover of village tract leaders (vtl s) in the township where resistance was strongest. This in turn suggested that the pno relied on the vtl s to enforce social control. There is a clear gap in existing literature on how social control is constructed at the local level. Applying the state-in-society theoretical framework by Migdal, this paper aims to identify the ‘implementer’ in the crucial process of social control in the Pa-O saz, thereby helping to shed light on how local politics work.

scholarly journals Party system nationalization in Estonia

Baltic Region ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-31
Author(s):  
Dmitry A. Lanko ◽  
Irina S. Lantsova
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Party System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Political Party System ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
Local Levels

This article explores the Estonian ‘integration’ project, which was launched in the early 1990s to bridge the differences between ethnic Estonians and ethnic Russians by assimilating the latter with the former. Since the project will soon turn thirty, it is timely to ask whether it has been a success. This article employs Grigorii Golosov’s index of political party nationalization to understand whether the ‘integration’ project has helped to narrow the ideological divide between ethnic Estonians and ethnic Russians. In other words, the study asks whether ethnic Estonians and ethnic Russians vote for the same political parties in comparable proportions or there are ‘Estonian’ and ‘Russian’ parties in the country. The analysis of the outcomes of four local and four parliamentary elections that took place in Estonia in 2005—2019 shows that by the mid-2000s Estonia achieved a considerable level of political party system nationalization at both national and local levels. At the national level, political party system nationalization remained high in 2007—2019 despite significant changes in the country’s political party system. At the local level, however, political party system nationalization has been diminishing since 2013, leading one to conclude that the Estonian ‘integration’ project has failed to close the ideological divide between ethnic Estonians and ethnic Russians.

scholarly journals The Winning of the Partai Aceh in a Psychological Political Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. PROOFREAD
Author(s):  
Mukhrijal Mukhrijal ◽  
Saddam Rassanjani ◽  
Herizal Herizal ◽  
Afrijal Afrijal
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Political Campaign ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Political Candidates ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Political Approach ◽  
Free Aceh Movement ◽  
Identification Approach

Partai Aceh is one of the local political parties in Aceh that able to win the first political contestation they participated in in 2009, even though it was born two years before in 2007. Since then, they have continued to dominate elections at the local level. Partai Aceh was established because of the peace agreement between GAM-RI as a post-conflict political agreement. The purpose of this study was to determine the victory of the Partai Aceh in the local realm. The method used is descriptive qualitative through interview techniques. The results of the study state that the Partai Aceh's victory in the context of Acehnese local politics cannot be separated from political psychology, such as the Partai Aceh identification approach through political socialisation, political candidates, and the Partai Aceh political campaign. The Partai Aceh approached the community involving the former Free Aceh Movement in conducting campaigns. The Partai Aceh's foresight in carrying the figure of a former GAM combatant impacted the Partai Aceh's victory.

The Insulation of Local Politics Under the Nonpartisan Ballot

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1052-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver P. Williams ◽  
Charles R. Adrian
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Local Democracy ◽  
Municipal Elections

The purpose of this article is to analyze the relationships between partisan and nonpartisan voting patterns in four cities using nonpartisan municipal elections. It is part of a larger comparative study on the process of policy formation in middle-sized cities. The data have been used to test the nonpartisan rationale which states that the removal of party labels from the ballot insulates local elections from state and national political party influences.The “insulation” argument states that national political parties do not and cannot adequately serve the needs of the local political unit. Their intrusion into the local scene invariably represents the introduction of irrelevancies which confuse the voters and prevent them from dwelling on local issues in city elections. Thus, the nonpartisan idea is partially based on the belief that local democracy will be improved through rationalizing its political universe. Citizens will choose well if specific, pertinent, and familiar questions are posed to them.

scholarly journals Politik Kartel di Tingkat Lokal: Studi Pemilihan Wakil Gubernur Kepulauan Riau Periode Sisa 2016-2021

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euis Ammelia ◽  
Meidi Kosandi
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cartel Policy

This paper discusses the behavior of political party in Deputy Governor election (Pilwagub) at Riau Islands Province (Kepri) 2017 with rational choice and cartel politics approach. The DPRD of Riau Islands Provincial decision to to choose and assign Isdianto as Deputy Governor requires controversy, it is caused by the domination of one coalition over the other in the 2015 Governor election. This study argues that the motive for power in inter-party relations at the local level, especially those who have seats in Parliament of Riau Islands Province, tends to influence DPRD’s decision. Political parties effort at the local level through electoral changes are characterized by the pragmatism of political parties. The parties that competed in the 2015 Pilgub challenged reconciliation since the 2017 governor election. The findings of this study are those that discuss cartel policy through unseen agreements that are reflected in the DPRD's plenary decision by acclamation.

scholarly journals Parcerias público-privadas nas políticas sociais. O caso das freguesias da Área Metropolitana de Lisboa (1993-1997)

Finisterra ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (71) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Mendes Pauleta
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Levels

PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS IN SOCIAL POLICIES. THE CASE OF THEPARISHES IN THE LISBON METROPOLITAN AREA – Capitalist development is currently characterised by an administrative centralisation with the Nation-State losing power to supranational authorities. However, some functions have been decentralised, specially the ones of a social character, to local levels of Public Administration, as can be seen by the increase of parish activities, which develop their own plans, act in partnership or subsidise public and private institutions at a local level. The social policies that the parishes adopt are influenced by several factors, among which we detect the structure of the territory and the dominating political party within the local government council.

scholarly journals Accounting demonstrations of political parties as an instrument for the effective transparency and accountability in the eligibility of electoral accounts

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-36
Author(s):  
Juedir Viana Teixeira ◽  
Matheus Costa Correa ◽  
Artur Angelo Ramos Lamenha ◽  
João Vinicius Santos Correia de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Political ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Accountability Practices

This article aims to present the importance of the accounting evidence in responsibility and transparency of the political parties accounts, especially in relation to the accountability of the use of the resources of the party fund. As a research question we have: Do accounts and candidates with irregular status and groups of political parties through the financial statements have a relationship with the distribution of the party fund and would require greater accountability? For this problem, it was established as a general objective to verify the need for the elaboration of more accurate and reliable accounting statements for the promotion of transparency, and as specific objectives, to discuss the legislation from the accounting point of view, as well as to understand the impact of the partial elaboration of the states with regard to the accounts judged as irregular and to groups of political parties according to the diffusion of their statements. For this, bibliographic, documentary and statistical research was used for the analysis and interpretation of the data extracted from the Court of Auditors, the Electoral Courts and the Legislation about this issue. It is concluded that there is a positive correlation between the number of irregular accounts, the number of people with irregular accountability and political party groups with the distribution of the party fund and that the specific legislation about election accountability, as well as the rules of the Federal Accounting Council, can allow better transparency and social control with Accountability practices through the Accounting Statements.

scholarly journals MEASURING THE EXISTENCE OF ACEH'S LOCAL PARTIES IN ACEH LEGISLATIVE ELECTION 2009-2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Syarkawi Syarkawi ◽  
Hendri Koeswara ◽  
Desna Aromatica
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Legislative Elections ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Free Aceh Movement ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legislative Election

This study aims to determine the existence of local political parties in Aceh in the 2009-2019 legislative elections. The presence of local political parties in Aceh is a the result of the peace conflict between the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and the Government Republic of Indonesia. The birth of a local political party in Aceh brought considerable influence large in the control of seats in the parliament in Aceh in its first participation in the 2009 legislative elections. However, his presence continues to experience According to him, the decline was in line with the number of votes in the next legislative election. This study aims to measure the existence of local political parties in Aceh in terms of 2009-2019 legislative elections. The research method uses the method qualitative descriptive with research focus on legislative elections at the provincial level Aceh in 2009-2019. The data collection techniques used are: interviews and documentation studies. The results showed that the existence of the party Aceh's local politics continues to decline as the number of votes and local political party seats in the 2014 and 2019 legislative elections when compared to the 2009 legislative elections. The decline in the existence of parties local politics in Aceh is measured from the concept of systemic degree, value identity, degree of autonomy and public knowledge

scholarly journals To What Extend the Democratic Party of Albania is Conservative? A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis of This Political Party

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Mirela Dubali Alhasani
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Founding Father ◽  
The Core ◽  
Conservative Values ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Shed Light

<p>This paper will shed light upon the profile of the Democratic Party of Albania aiming to examine whether the party’s self-claimed ideology of conservatism is in coherence and cohesion with its political evolution, policies and activities during democratic transition since early 1990s. Moreover, the party’s doctrine will be inspected through the leader’s sole philosophy as the first shaper and founding –father of the party. The empirical comparison with the other sister-like European political parties will be expounded by the theoretical interpretations on conservative values and conservative ideology. I argue that the profile of the Democratic Party of Albania draws mainly from the core values of classical conservatism; however, it also demonstrates particular features shaped by its leadership authoritarian authenticity and the domestic political - economic legacy of Albania</p>

scholarly journals Local Politics in Indonesia, 1999-2010: A Literature Review

PCD Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasrul Hanif ◽  
Pratikno Pratikno
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Key Questions

This paper attempts to map out the existing literature on the post-1999 political landscape at the local level. This literature review is made up by five key questions: (1) How is localising of power in Indonesia understood?; (2) How does power operate at local levels?; (3) What are the forces that shape Indonesian local politics?; (4) What are the prominent manifestations in Indonesian local politics?; (5) What are alternative political forces that possibly represent the setting up of the street demonstrations?; (6) What is the type of democratic governance format explored in the existing literature?

scholarly journals Nomination of Regents Election and Head Deputy with A Couple of Candidates for The of 2017 In The District Of Pati

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The Political ◽  
Direct Election ◽  
Central Java ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Central Java Province ◽  
Local Leaders

The enactment of Act No. 32 2004 is a gateway democratic progress at the local level, which mandates the direct election of regional heads, but as time goes direct elections, emerging phenomenon of elections with one candidate, reflecting the absence of competition in democracy to elect candidates for local leaders. The nomination process that provides an opportunity for citizens to come forward as a potential leader of the path of individual regions or lines of political parties are still unable to stem the phenomenon of the election by one paslon. The weakening of the political party cadres to create a cadre of local leaders, and the difficulties of citizens who want to get ahead of the path of the individual in seeking support to meet the predetermined, a major factor in the increasing phenomenon of the election by one paslon in any implementation of direct election. It also occurs in Pati Regency, Central Java province on Phase Two simultaneous elections in 2017 were only followed by one candidate, that candidate H. Haryanto, SH, MM, M.Si and H. Saiful Arifin. based onit, prompted the authors to examine the management of the Regent and Vice Regent Election of Pati with one candidate in Pati regency.Keywords: Starch 2017 Elections, Elections One Paslon, Direct Election Phenomenon.

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