DIVISION, DIALECTIQUE ET DÈFINITION CHEZ PLATON ET ARISTOTE

Méthexis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-45
Author(s):  
SYLVAIN DELCOMMINETTE
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive State ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Perpetual Motion ◽  
The Way

In this article, I examine the way Aristotle makes use of the methods Plato labelled as "dialectic". After suggesting a unified interpretation of Plato’s dialectic, I show that Aristotle makes room for them not inside the context of demonstrative science, but at the level of the investigation concerning the principles of such a science. These principles are, for the most part, definitions; and Plato’s dialectical methods are designed to search for and obtain definitions. Although Aristotle, contrary to Plato, seems to distinguish between dialectic and philosophy, he relates both to the same capacity, and he suggests that their methods are identical up to a certain point. Moreover, the cognitive state corresponding to dialectic is, for Aristotle as for Plato, intelligence (nous). Nevertheless, there remain important differences between Plato and Aristotle on this issue: while the dialogical dimension of dialectic is for Plato constitutive of philosophy and implies that the philosophical thought is a perpetual motion, it is according to Aristotle what distinguishes dialectic from philosophy, which must for its part come to a rest; and while philosophy presupposes a rupture with sensation according to Plato, Aristotle envisages it in continuity with sensible experience.

Concept and Time in Hegel

Dialogue ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-422
Author(s):  
John Burbidge
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Philosophical Problem ◽  
Basic Requirement ◽  
Philosophy Of Time ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Definitive Answer ◽  
Dynamic Character ◽  
Conceptual Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

To formulate a philosophy of time is not easy, even though it would seem to be the basic requirement for any philosophy which attempts to comprehend the world of nature or of history. The problem is briefly posed: Can the conceptual framework of philosophical thought do justice to the dynamic character of time?The purpose of this paper is not to provide a definitive answer to this question. Its aim is more limited. By discussing carefully the way in which Hegel's philosophy related conceptual thought to time, it hopes to provide new perspectives on this vexing philosophical problem.

scholarly journals Explaining the Minutes of Philosophy and Revealing its Symbols with the Arguments of Conclusive Legitimacy in the Light of AlTamez by Allama Abdulaziz

Fahm-i-Islam ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-190
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ground ◽  
British India ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Muslim Scholar ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Rational Reasoning ◽  
The Way

This article aims to explore the philosophical approach and the methods used by ‘Abdul-‘Azīz Firharvi in his valuable manuscript Al-tamyīz, which dealt with the philosophers and scholars differences about the interpretation of philosophy from Quran and Sunnah.‘Abdul-‘Azīz Firharvi was the famous Muslim scholar of British India in all over the world.He was adept in all Islamic sciences, but he is regarded as one of the greatest ever Mutakalim born in the land of Indo-Pak. He has written more valuable works on Ilm Al-Kla’m and Al-Tami’z is the part of his aims.This manuscript is infact the middle ground between the fanatical scholars and the philosophers who have the correct ideas, That is: philosophy should not be rejected outright because of prejudice, nor should any philosophical thought be adopted without weighing the criteria of thinking and the Qur'an and Sunnah.Allama Farharvi has adopted the same style in terms of occasion and place and has used Qur'anic and rational reasoning. This article is a link between philosophy and Islamic thought, which will not only eliminate violence from society, but will also pave the way for new scholars to examine philosophy and Islamic thought in a new perspective.

Imprinting Powers: The Astrological Seal and its Doctrinal Meanings in the Latin West

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-72
Author(s):  
Nicolas Weill-Parot
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Albert The Great ◽  
Latin West ◽  
The Way

The article studies the issue of "astrological seals"—imprinted talismans deriving their powers from the stars—within the general framework of medieval theological and philosophical thought about seals. First, it looks at how astrological sigilla are described in treatises on magic, notably that of Theel, the Pseudo-Ptolemy's Centiloquium, the Liber formarum (ascribed to Hermes), and the work of the Spanish physician Estéfano. Second, it focuses on two comparisons put forward and rejected by theologians: William of Auvergne's analysis of the analogy between the astrological talisman and the royal seal, and an anonymous academic quaestio from the fifteenth century, dealing with the parallel between the sealing process and celestial influence. Third, it considers the way that Albert the Great took advantage of the distinctive features of seals, in order to explain the astrological seal within a purely naturalistic framework, and the opposing views of Thomas Aquinas. It concludes in the fifteenth century, when Galeotto Marzio brought a naturalistic explanation for the working of astrological seals to completion.

scholarly journals THE MOTIVE OF «CREATIVE FIRE» IN THE POETRY OF K.D.BALMONT

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
N.P. Krokhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Artistic Creativity ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Divine Will ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

The article examines the language of epiphanies in the poetry of K. D. Balmont: the manifestation of divine will in the world created by God, the convergence of artistic creativity with Christian sacraments. The motives of world communion and “creative fire” are emphasized. The specificity and place of epiphanic motifs at different stages of the poet’s career are determined. The connections between the symbolist poet and the search for Russian religious and philosophical thought are made. The author traces the formation of the “creative fire” motive in the poetry of K. D. Balmont, associated with the disclosure of the theme of the world mystery and the understanding of the poet as an accomplice of Divine creation, and also emphasizes the way this motive would dominate in the final poetry book of the 1920s. “In the extended distance. Poem about Russia”.

WEGZWEIGUNGEN (REZEPTION DES DAOISMUS DURCH ALFRED DÖBLIN)

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Ингрид Оспальд
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Xxth Century ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Mode Of Presentation ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
Alfred Döblin ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way

В статье представлен герменевтический (в философском смысле) подход к творчеству одного из самых популярных немецких писателей XX века. Предпринята попытка выявить влияние философии даосизма на творчество Альфреда Дёблина с целью проследить пути формирования основы его мировоззрения. Прежде всего, ставится вопрос о происхождении: текстовая ткань, воображаемая постструктуралистами (в первую очередь Ю. Кристевой и Р. Бартом), не знает этого понятия. Она опирается на сопоставление текстовых знаков и их переплетение. После Барта «восточная» текстовая ткань характеризуется ускользающим значением. Дёблин говорит о первичном «эго» и первичном «чувстве», в результате может показаться, что он подражает идеалистической установке. После Фреге общность можно описать следующим образом: «смысл» означает своего рода способ представления, который характерен и для даосского «Дэ». Это «смысл», лишенный «значения». Утверждение Дёблином доктрины У-вэя колеблется между парадоксальным наделением человека полномочиями и исторической ролью активного человеческого существа. Согласно Лао-Цзы, нет противопоставления «не-делания» и «делания», но есть их переплетение, тесная взаимосвязь. Фихтеанское «я» и дёблинианское «я» различаются своими полномочиями и «первоисточником». Во-первых, это путь вовнутрь, который делает возможным желанное прозрение. Путь к «чувству» - это бесконечное движение, которое не достигает своей цели. Но, идя по пути «Дао», человек реализует «Дэ». В этом - даосское примирение абстрактного и конкретного. Формирование и растворение своего «я» - два способа добраться до самого себя. Цель такова: совершенствование «я» и обретение «я» - в этом и «смысл», и «значение», которые разветвляются. В результате установлено, что тесное переплетение западной и восточной философской мысли, которое определило мировоззрение Дёблина, соединилось и в его творческом методе. The article presents a hermeneutical (in a philosophical sense) approach to the work of one of the most popular German writers of the XXth century. An attempt is made to identify the influence of Daoist philosophy on the work of Alfred Döblin in order to trace the ways of forming the basis of his worldview. At the beginning there is the question of the origin: the texture imagined by the Poststructuralists (Kristeva, Barthes) does not know any origin. She relies on the comparability of the textual signs and its weaving. After Barthes the eastern texture is characterized by eluding signification. Döblin speaks of primary-ego and primary-sense and it seems that he imitates idealistic diction. After Frege we can describe the commonality as follows: "sense" means a sort of mode of presentation which is also characteristic for the Daoist De. It is "sense" but without "meaning". Döblin's appropriation of the Wuwei-doctrine ranges between the paradoxical empowerment of the individual and the historical role of the active human being. According to Laozi there is no opposition of not-doing and doing, but being interlaced. Fichtes "I" and the Döblinian "I" differ in their imagination of empowerment and first set. First it is the way to the inside which enables the longed for epiphany. The way to sense is the infinite movement that does not get to its goal. One commonality: by going the way of the Dao, the human being realizes the De. This is the Daoistic consiliation of the abstract and the concrete. Setting and dissolving of the I - both a way to get to oneself. The goal is: perfecting of the I and obtaining the I. This is sense, there is meaning: it is sense and meaning which branches. As a result, it was found that the close interweaving of Western and Eastern philosophical thought, which defined Döblin's worldview, was united in his creative method.

Language as a Means of Philosophy

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Lampros I. Papagiannis ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Language ◽  
Greek Language ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
European Languages ◽  
The Analects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This paper attempts an investigation to the relationship between the Analects by Confucius (the Lun-Yu), which contains the very core of the philosophy of Confucius and the Chinese language in terms of describing the degree to which the structure of the Chinese language has been beneficial for the evolution of philosophical thought. The idea investigated has its root to the individuality of the Chinese language, which is differently structured compared to the Indo-European languages. Therefore we set to explore how it became possible for this particularity to give birth to original philosophical ideas and thus some comparison examples are used to the Greek language. In other words may we assume that the way one speaks defines the way one thinks according to the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis?

scholarly journals Ibn Tufayl e l'eredità del filosofo autodidatta / Ibn Tufail and the Autodidact Philosopher’s Heredity

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Sara LENZI
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Baltasar Gracian ◽  
Ibn Tufayl ◽  
The Way

The essence of the work of the autodidact philosopher Ibn Tufail is briefly presented here, both to emphasize how it influenced other thinkers in the way they edited their manuscripts —particularly how Baltasar Gracian edited his El Criticon— and to highlight his influence on later philosophical thought.

scholarly journals Socrates' understanding of the task of philosophy

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Šejla Avdić
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Indelible Mark ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Way

The article tries to present Socrates' understanding of the task of philosophy step by step with reference to contemporary interpretations. Along the way, an inevitable obstacle is encountered, and that is the problem of the contemporary meanings of Socrates 'philosophy. Socrates did not leave a written trace behind, so we draw knowledge about his philosophy and life from the main testimonies, which are the writings of Aristophanes, Xenophon, Plato and Aristotle. Given our acceptance and affection for certain testimonies, we are moving further and further away from the definition of historical Socrates. The paradox of this distancing, is shown in the fact that Socrates in this way in his mental heritage becomes closer to us as our contemporary. But what cannot be ignored is the fact that Socrates, with his philosophy, left an indelible mark in the development of the whole of philosophical thought and the determinants of modern culture as a whole. The transition from the question of nature to the question of human life, through the introduction of a method aimed at eliminating misconceptions and the possibility of determining the right direction for action, is what makes Socrates one of the most important philosophers and leaves him in today's view of the source of modern thought.

scholarly journals IMAGERY COLLECTOR: ANTON ZAN’KOVSKIY AND HIS MYTHOLOGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
B. E. Nosenok
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Vladimir Nabokov ◽  
Space Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Magazine ◽  
Perpetual Motion ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Way

This article is both a culturological and literary-critical work. It is devoted to the world and mythology of Anton Zan’kovskiy’s works. Anton Zan’kovskiy is a writer from St. Petersburg. But he was born in Voronezh in 1988. Thus, his work is the world of these two cities and walks into his memory places. It is a solo of a trot, hiking through the forest. He is the author of the novels "Deucalion" (2015) and "Ragwoman" (2016), which were published in the literary magazine "Neva". Anton Zan’kovskiy often mentions Ukrainian culture in his novels, he also uses sometimes Ukrainian language. When a reader is immersed in the world of Anton Zan’kovskiy's novels, he feels the way of Andrei Bely, Osip Mandelshtam, Vladimir Nabokov, Alexander Blok, Anatoly Mariengof vision. These novels destroy the habitual space-time, bringing our perception closer to the primordial singularity, to the irreducibility of the birth moment of the Universe. It can be said, that these works are nostalgic and melancholic, this is an appeal to the golden age of youth and childhood. Anton Zan’kovskiy writes novels – prose works, but his novels are “werewolves”. In fact, prose novels turn out to be poems. The world in these novel-poems is depicted as unevenness, gluing. Life is represented as rhythm, hesitation, confusion. The imagery of Anton Zan’kovskiy’s works appears to be an ontology on-the-scene, thanks to the special sensuality and almost physical sensibility of the text. The author is a collector of sensations and images, after which, however, emptiness and timelessness appear, and memory is replaced by oblivion and silence. However, Anton Zan’kovskiy's works arise from a fall, from "diving for pearls" into pensive – a deep of the past, from the melancholy, from a desire to return to the past. The author wants to return to the past and to go through a phase – to feel the same emotions. It is believed that the world of these werewolf novels is born from the feelings of decadence, from the emotions of decline. That’s why the reader can see despair, disappointment, and lack of surprise: the author has lost his spontaneity, and the world has ceased to be magical. This is the mythology of perpetual motion, "topographic amnesia", flanking, labyrinth, streets, ornaments, arabesques, lines, allusions, past, childhood, nostalgia, regret, anxiety and dream.

scholarly journals The usage and the development of the term prohairesis from Aristotle to Maximus the Confessor

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Djakovac
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Cappadocian Fathers ◽  
Semantic Transformation ◽  
Maximus The Confessor ◽  
The Way

The term prohairesis has a long history; its usage is crucial for the development and understanding of basic ethical and anthropological assumptions in ancient Hellenic philosophy. In this article the author analyses the most important moments for the semantic transformation of this term, with particular reference to the implications of its usage in Byzantine theological and philosophical heritage, with the ultimate expression in work of St Maximus the Confessor and his christological synthesis. The equation between the terms prohairesis and gnome and their separation from the authentic human nature, as well as the usage of the term thelesis for the original ?human will?, represents the thorough revision of the antique philosophical heritage which could be compared with the distinction of the terms ousia and hypostasis by Cappadocian Fathers. In this article the author will show the extent to which and the way in which Byzantine theological and philosophical thought adopted and transformed its own Hellenic heritage.

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