The History of Iranian Cities through their Books: What Ms. Köprülü 01589 Tells Us about 8th/14th Century Shiraz

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 430-464
Author(s):  
Sarah Bowen Savant ◽  
Majid Montazer Mahdi

AbstractWhat can the history of books tell us about Iranian cities and their histories? This article introduces the manuscript of a multi-text compilation (majmūʿa) for the purpose of illustrating its potential usefulness as a source for studying the social and cultural history of Shiraz in the turbulent period that followed the collapse of Mongol rule in the area. We specifically seek to show that Köprülü 01589, now housed in Istanbul, helps us to see how books were produced and consumed, and provides insight into the operations of a busy workshop for copying texts. Despite the rarity and historical significance of several of the pieces that it contains, the availability of images of the manuscript for some time in Istanbul and Iran, and attention to it in catalogues, it has not received scholarly attention as a whole.1 Although this article is only a preliminary study of a single manuscript, we believe it is important for the current volume in showing what manuscripts can reveal of the social world that produced them, the networks of people and ideas that animated city life, and the cultural resources of specific times and places. Furthermore, our approach to Köprülü 01589 can be expanded and applied to other manuscripts originating in Shiraz and other cities.

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Miller

Discussion about the reconstruction of the history of ancient Israel seldom interacts with theoretical literature on the nature of history. Modern attempts to write Israel’s history, however, have been shaped by their theoretical underpinnings for the past two centuries. This essay explores the epistemological underpinnings of the historical criticism of the Hebrew Bible, outlines trends in historiographical theory, and assesses the impact newer theories of intellectual cultural history can have on studies of the history of the social world of ancient Israel.


Author(s):  
Rosana Carvalho Dias Valtão

Este artigo é um recorte dos resultados produzidos por meio da pesquisa de mestrado “Práticas e representações de leitura literária no Ifes/Campus de Alegre: uma história com rosto e voz”. A pesquisa investigou como a leitura literária acontece nessa escola de ensino técnico, mapeando em qual contexto leitor o grupo social dos alunos dessa instituição está inserido, quais são suas práticas e representações de leitura. Para isso, a investigação dialogou com o trabalho do historiador francês Roger Chartier e os princípios epistemológicos da História Cultural, no que se refere à história do livro, da leitura e da literatura. No desenvolvimento do trabalho, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográfico-documental e de campo, em perspectiva qualitativa, utilizando o método dedutivo. Considerando o princípio de que toda realidade cultural é construída nas relações existentes entre os grupos sociais, constatou-se a existência de uma prática de leitura que se desvencilha do trabalho com leitura de literatura em sala de aula. Foram identificadas, ainda, as modalidades partilhadas de ler das comunidades de leitores presentes no contexto estudado: percebemos que as principais vias de acesso e as formas de aquisição do objeto cultural (livro de literatura) acontecem por meio de empréstimos e trocas entre os próprios alunos e constatamos que seus pares são os principais mediadores da leitura literária existente nesse espaço. Os resultados presentes neste trabalham nos oportunizam pensar em como intervir no contexto de formação do leitor de literatura em uma escola de ensino médio.Palavras-chave: Leitura Literária. Ensino Médio.  Práticas e Representações.Clandestine literary readings in the context of a capixaba technical schoolABSTRACTThis article is a summary of the results produced through the masters research "Practices and representations of literary reading in Ifes / Campus de Alegre: a history with face and voice". The research investigated how the literary reading happens in this technical school, mapping in which reader context the social group of the students of this institution is inserted, what are their practices and representations of reading. To this end, the research was a dialogue with the work of the French historian Roger Chartier and the epistemological principles of Cultural History in the history of books, reading and literature. In the development of the work, bibliographical-documental and field research were carried out, in a qualitative perspective, using the deductive method. Considering the principle that all cultural reality is built in the existing relations between social groups, it was verified the existence of a practice of reading that gets rid of work with reading literature in the classroom. We also identified the shared modalities of reading from the communities of readers present in the context studied: we perceive that the main access routes and the forms of acquisition of the cultural object (literature book) happen through loans and exchanges between the students themselves And we find that their peers are the main mediators of literary reading in this space. The results present in this work allow us to think about how to intervene in the context of the formation of the literary reader in a high school.Keywords: Literary Reading. High school. Practices and Representations.Lecturas literarias clandestinas en el contexto de una escuela técnica capixabaRESUMENEste artículo es un recorte de los resultados producidos por medio de la investigación de maestría "Prácticas y representaciones de lectura literaria en el Ifes / Campus de Alegre: una historia con rostro y voz". La investigación investigó cómo la lectura literaria ocurre en esa escuela de enseñanza técnica, mapeando en qué contexto lector el grupo social de los alumnos de esa institución está inserto, cuáles son sus prácticas y representaciones de lectura. Para ello, la investigación dialogó con el trabajo del historiador francés Roger Chartier y los principios epistemológicos de la Historia Cultural, en lo que se refiere a la historia del libro, de la lectura y de la literatura. En el desarrollo del trabajo, se realizaron investigaciones bibliográficas-documental y de campo, en perspectiva cualitativa, utilizando el método deductivo. Considerando el principio de que toda realidad cultural se construye en las relaciones existentes entre los grupos sociales, se constató la existencia de una práctica de lectura que se desprende del trabajo con lectura de literatura en el aula. Se identificaron, además, las modalidades compartidas de lectura de las comunidades de lectores presentes en el contexto estudiado: percibimos que las principales vías de acceso y las formas de adquisición del objeto cultural (libro de literatura) ocurren por medio de préstamos e intercambios entre los propios alumnos y constatamos que sus pares son los principales mediadores de la lectura literaria existente en ese espacio. Los resultados presentes en este trabajo nos permiten pensar en cómo intervenir en el contexto de formación del lector de literatura en una escuela secundaria.Palabras clave: Lectura Literaria. Enseñanza Media. Prácticas y Representaciones.


Ad Americam ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 75-87
Author(s):  
Rafał Kuś ◽  
Patrick Vaughan

This article offers an insight into the history of the U.S. space program, including its cultural and political aspects. Starting from the vision of space as a new field of peaceful and exciting exploration, predominant in the first half of the 20th century, moving through the period of the intensive and eventually fruitful Cold War competition between the two belligerent ideological blocs led by the United States and the Soviet Union, and ending with the present-day cooling of the space enthusiasm, it focuses on the main actors and eventsof the century-long struggle for reaching the stars. The article is based in part on primary journalistic sources in order to capture the social atmosphere of the times it focuses on. It points out to the mid-1960s as the time when the noble aspirations and optimism of the early cosmic endeavors started to succumb to the pressure of reality, which caused the overwhelming stagnation of space initiatives, effectively ending the Golden Age of extraterrestrial exploration. This argument is backed by an analysis of historical developments leading to and following the American conquest of the Moon.


Author(s):  
Sean Pryor

If poetics customarily deals with generalities, history seems to insist on particulars. In the 21st century, various literary critics have sought to manage these competing imperatives by developing an “historical poetics.” These critics pursue sometimes very different projects, working with diverse methodologies and theoretical frameworks, but they share a desire to think again about the relation between poetics and history. Some critics have pursued an historical poetics by conducting quantitative studies of changes in metrical form, while others have investigated the social uses to which poetry was put in the cultures of the past. Both approaches tend to reject received notions of the aesthetic or literary, with their emphasis on the individual poet and on the poem’s organic unity. Much work in historical poetics has focused instead on problems of genre and reception, seeking the historical significance of poetry in what is common and repeated. Sometimes this work has involved extensive archival research, examining memoirs, grammar books, philological tracts, and other materials in order to discover how poetry was conceived and interpreted at a particular time. These methods allow critics to tell histories of poetry and to reveal a history in poetry. The cultural history of poetic forms thus becomes a history of social thought and practice conducted through poetry. For other critics, however, the historical significance of a poem lies instead in the way it challenges the poetics of its time. This is to emphasize the singular over the common and repeated. In this mode, historical poetics aims both to restore poems to their proper historical moment and to show how poems work across history. The history to be valued in such cases is not a ground or world beyond the poem, but the event of the poem itself.


1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Fadel Abdallah

Following the reconquest of Granada in 1492, the Muslim minority in Spain,known demgatorily as Moriscos, were subjected to harsh measures in the formof edicts and restrictions. Forced to live in a hostile environment, which happenedto be their homeland, they developed their own attitude, accompaniedby passive resistance and sporadic revolt. This attitude was expressed in anextensive, clandestine and mostly anonymous literature known as the Aljamiadoliterature, which was for the most part written in the Romance in Arabic script.Although the Moriscos preserved a sentimental attachment to Arabic as theirown language, they were no longer able to use it. This literature was, for themost part, inspired by Arabic models that not only expressed defiance towardsthe oppressor, but also reiterated Islamic values. Written mostly during theXV and XVI centuries, the Aljamiado literature is significant for the studyof cultural change, offering valuable data for the historian, religious scholar,sociologist, anthropologist, philologist, belle - lettrist, and civil and humanrights advocate, who would gain insight into the fate of a deprived andpersecuted minority living in a hostile environment.The work under review is intended according to its author “to survey andanalyze the selfexpression of the Moriscos as contained in their own literature;it also assesses the status of a minority struggling for survival, with referenceto ideological conflict, the clash of religions and cultures, and differing mutualperceptions.” Although the work is intended to be a general “cultural and socialhistory,” as the sub-title indicates, it is in many ways a study of the mentulitaeof a group of people who were forced to live on the defensive in their bidfor survival ...


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 467-488
Author(s):  
Rudimar Gomes Bertotti ◽  
Gisele Rietow Bertotti

This article aimed to investigate the bibliography of the Study of Brazilian Problems (PBS) discipline at the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) between 1971 and 1984. It was used primary and secondary sources, which unveiled the theoretical corpus that supported BPS teaching at UFPR. Some methodological elements of Cultural History were mobilized based on the understanding that individuals and groups grasp the social world and share it in a particular way, producing strategies and practices (political, social and educational) (Chartier 2002). Finally, the analysis revealed that BPS’ teaching programs were based on a bibliographic diversity, marked by books that were aligned with the Doctrine of the National Security and Development (DNSD), but which appeared alongside the works of some anti-regime authors. And that bibliographic focused on national problems denoted adherence to a larger DNSD policy aimed at encouraging the participation of university youth in the national political and economic plan.   Keywords: Brazilian Problems Study. Dictatorship. Teaching programs. Bibliography. History of Education.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Redacción CEIICH

<p class="p1">The third number of <span class="s1"><strong>INTER</strong></span><span class="s2"><strong>disciplina </strong></span>underscores this generic reference of <em>Bodies </em>as an approach to a key issue in the understanding of social reality from a humanistic perspective, and to understand, from the social point of view, the contributions of the research in philosophy of the body, cultural history of the anatomy, as well as the approximations queer, feminist theories and the psychoanalytical, and literary studies.</p>


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