Protestant Children, Missions and Education in the British World

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-122
Author(s):  
Hugh Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Complex Entity ◽  
Missionary Movement ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Interpretive Framework

Abstract The British Protestant children’s missionary movement of the nineteenth and early- to mid-twentieth century was an educational movement, wherein philanthropy and pedagogy went hand in hand. Bringing an educational lens to bear on this group provides a more cohesive interpretive framework by which to make sense of the various elements than hitherto has been considered. As such, the Protestant children’s missionary movement emerges historically as a much more complex entity than simply a means of raising money or cramming heads full of knowledge. Across a range of geographic settings it acted as: a key site of juvenile religious and identity formation; a defining vehicle for the creation and maintenance of various types or scales of community (local, denominational, emotional, regional, national or global); a movement within which civic and religious messages were emphatically conflated (especially with respect to nation and empire); and in which children both participated in imperial or quasi-global networks of information exchange (especially as consumers of missionary periodicals) and became informed, active and responsive agents of missionary support in their own right.

Reworking Race, Nation, and Diaspora on the Margins

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-230
Author(s):  
Jamella N. Gow
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
First Century ◽  
Black Diaspora ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Shared Experiences ◽  
Open Borders ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Twenty First Century

At the turn of the twentieth century, terms like globalization, transnationalism, and diaspora heralded the increasing interconnectedness of cultures, nations, and politics. While such global networks continue to grow at a rapid rate, nationalist rhetoric and politics have also become more salient as some decry diversity, the threat of “open” borders, and the impacts of capitalist expansion under globalization. At a time when globalization has become a buzzword for the twenty-first century, how can there be both the proliferation of global cultures and increasing rhetoric of protectionist nationalism? I explore how and why diaspora has become salient particularly in an age where nations have been challenged and transformed under globalized capitalism. First, I trace the rise of hegemonic nationalism, its use in legitimizing racial and gendered differences under colonialism, and how its consequent displacements and marginalization led, for some, to claims of diaspora. I then suggest that the racialized Black migrant diaspora may serve as an example of how race and nationalism inform the creation of diaspora and how resistance can emerge across shared experiences of exclusion on this basis. I argue that diaspora has reemerged as one response to the politics of hypernationalism which has again sought to consolidate capital and wealth in an era of global capitalism. I conclude that Black diaspora may become a means for challenging nationalism through the dismantlement of its racial origins.

The European identity formation in Ukraine

2017 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Larysa Kovryk-Tokar
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
European Integration ◽  
European Community ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Political Integration ◽  
European Identity ◽  
European Values

Every nation is quite diverse in terms of his historical destiny, spiritual priorities, and cultural heritage. However, voluntary European integration, which is the final aim of political integration that began in the second half of the twentieth century from Western Europe, provided for an availability of large number of characteristics in common in political cultures of their societies. Therefore, Ukraine needs to find some common determinants that can create inextricable relationship between the European Community and Ukraine. Although Ukrainian culture is an intercultural weave of two East macrocivilizations, according to the author, Ukraine tends to Western-style society with its openness, democracy, tolerance, which constitute the basic values of Europeans. Keywords: Identity, collective identity, European values, European integration

Two Centuries of Excavating Merovingian-Era Cemeteries In France

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-95
Author(s):  
Bonnie Effros
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Central Place ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Creation

The excavation of Merovingian-period cemeteries in France began in earnest in the 1830s spurred by industrialization, the creation of many new antiquarian societies across the country, and French nationalism. However, the professionalization of the discipline of archaeology occurred slowly due to the lack of formal training in France, weak legal protections for antiquities, and insufficient state funding for archaeological endeavors. This chapter identifies the implications of the central place occupied by cemeterial excavations up until the mid-twentieth century and its impact on broader discussions in France of national origins and ethnic identity. In more recent years, with the creation of archaeological agencies such as Afan and Inrap, the central place once occupied by grave remains has been diminished. Rescue excavations and private funding for new structures have brought about a shift to other priorities and research questions, with both positive and negative consequences, though cemeteries remain an important source of evidence for our understanding of Merovingian society.

Hegel's Conception of the Study of Human Nature

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
H. B. Acton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Dialectical Materialism ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Formal Logic ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
Dialectical Method ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The Creation

It is easy to understand why Hegel's philosophy should be little studied by English-speaking philosophers today. Those who at the beginning of the twentieth century initiated the movement we are now caught up in presented their earliest philosophical arguments as criticisms of the prevailing Anglo-Hegelian views. It may now be thought illiberal to take much interest in this perhaps excusably slaughtered royal family, and positively reactionary to hanker after the foreign dynasty from which it sometimes claimed descent. Hegel was a systematic philosopher with a scope hardly to be found today, and men who, as we say, wish to keep up with their subject may well be daunted at the idea of having to understand a way of looking at philosophy which they suspect would not repay them for their trouble anyway. Furthermore, since Hegel wrote, formal logic has advanced in ways he could not have foreseen, and has, it seems to many, destroyed the whole basis of his dialectical method. At the same time, the creation of a science of sociology, it is supposed, has rendered obsolete the philosophy of history for which Hegel was at one time admired. In countries where there are Marxist intellectuals, Hegel does get discussed as the inadvertent forerunner of historical and dialectical materialism. But in England, where there is no such need or presence, there do not seem to be any very strong ideological reasons for discussing him. In what follows I shall be asking you to direct your thoughts to certain forgotten far-off things which I hope you will find historically interesting even if you do not agree with me that they give important clues for an understanding of human nature and human society.

scholarly journals Global Analysis of Durable Policies for Free-Flowing River Protections

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denielle Perry ◽  
Ian Harrison ◽  
Stephannie Fernandes ◽  
Sarah Burnham ◽  
Alana Nichols
Keyword(s):  
Global Analysis ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Global Networks ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
The Creation ◽  
River Conservation ◽  
Protected Area Planning ◽  
Policy Types ◽  
Policy Mechanisms

Freshwater ecosystems are poorly represented in global networks of protected areas. This situation underscores an urgent need for the creation, application, and expansion of durable (long-term and enforceable) protection mechanisms for free-flowing rivers that go beyond conventional protected area planning. To address this need, we must first understand where and what types of protections exist that explicitly maintain the free-flowing integrity of rivers, as well as the efficacy of such policy types. Through policy analysis and an in-depth literature review, our study identifies three main policy mechanisms used for such protections: (1) River Conservation Systems; (2) Executive Decrees and Laws; and (3) Rights of Rivers. We found that globally only eight counties have national river conservation systems while seven countries have used executive decrees and similar policies to halt dam construction, and Rights of Rivers movements are quickly growing in importance, relative to other protection types. Despite the current extent of protection policies being insufficient to tackle the freshwater and biodiversity crises facing the world’s rivers, they do provide useful frameworks to guide the creation and expansion of protections. Ultimately, as countries act on global calls for protections, policy mechanisms must be tailored to their individual social and ecological geographies.

Incentivizing Safety and Discrimination: Employment Risks under Workmen’s Compensation in the Early Twentieth Century United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-67
Author(s):  
Nate Holdren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Employment Discrimination ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Workplace Accidents ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Workmen's Compensation

This article takes criticisms of employment discrimination in the aftermath of the creation of workmen’s compensation legislation as a point of entry for arguing that compensation laws created new incentives for employment discrimination. Compensation laws turned the costs of employees’ workplace accidents into a risk that many employers sought to manage by screening job applicants in a manner analogous to how insurance companies screened policy applicants. While numerous critics blamed insurers for discrimination, I argue that the problem was lack of insurance. The less that companies pooled their compensation risks via insurance, the greater the incentives for employers to stop employing people they would have previously been willing to hire.

scholarly journals A Field Research as an Anthropological Tool in Literary Reportage (on the Examples of Journalistic Texts by Joseph Roth)

2019 ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Olesya Yaremchuk
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Paradigmatic Analysis ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Harsh Criticism ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Joseph Roth

This article studies the use of field research as an anthropological tool in literary reportage which is a comprehensive element of the creation of journalistic content. Based on the examples of journalistic texts of the 20s by the Austrian writer Joseph Roth, we have analyzed the anthropological methods which were used by this author in his reportages, that is the main objective of this study. Using diachronic comparison, qualitative method and content analysis to evaluate and to explain the concept of Joseph Roth’s texts, as well as the methodology of textual, syntagmatic (by Volodymyr Propp) and paradigmatic analysis (by Claude Levi-Strauss), we have examined the generated meanings in the texts of the mentioned author. As a result of the study, we have identified four methods that Joseph Roth used writing his news reportages in the 1920s, including “In Midday France” and “White Cities”. Those methods are as follows: overt observation, in-depth interviews, fixing details and gaining empirical experience. The modern authors call these methods as classic ones, without which it is impossible to work in this genre. As we have seen from the examples of literary reportages of the French cycle by Joseph Roth, the anthropological tools used by this author for his works contributed to deepening and improving the quality of his texts which is of great significance for our study. Joseph Roth created a panoramic picture of the twentieth century in his texts through watching, communicating and studing. However, it is worth to add that he was often too subjective, suffering harsh criticism for this.

INFORMATION SOCIETY IN THE CONTEXT OF LEGAL CULTURE

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
Igor Kudryavtsev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
The Creation

This article explores the modern information society as a stage in the development of civilization, is a historically established form of joint activities of people, based on ensuring the priority of information over other resources, as well as on the prevailing use of information and telecommunication technologies for solving the basic tasks of human life and the formation of social connections. Recently, it has become common to characterize modern society as information society. An information society is a society in which each of its members is provided with the opportunity provided by law to be a participant in information exchange through the creation of information institutions for the most effective and full-fledged development.

Understanding the Properties of “Numbers”

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Katz ◽  
Karen Hunger Parshall
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Algebraic Systems ◽  
Modern Algebra ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Way

This chapter looks at how mathematicians sought to understand the properties of “numbers” and in doing so pave the way for modern algebra. As mathematicians in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries struggled to understand what Fermat's alleged proof of his so-called “last theorem” might have been, they, as well as others motivated by issues other than Fermat's work, eventually came to extend the notion of “number.” And, they did this in much the same spirit that Évariste Galois had extended that of “domain of rationality” or field, that is, through the creation and analysis of whole new types of algebraic systems. This freedom to create and explore new systems—and new algebraic constructs like the determinants and matrices that were encountered in the previous chapter—became one of the hallmarks of the modern algebra that developed into the twentieth century.

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