Check-list of Pteridophytes from Gujarat State, Western India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 514 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
KISHORE S. RAJPUT ◽  
RONAK N. KACHHIYAPATEL ◽  
SACHIN M. PATIL ◽  
AJIT M. VASAVA ◽  
RAVI S. PATEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Western India ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
The North ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Gujarat is the westernmost state of India and is known for varied climatic conditions starting from moist deciduous forest to pure desert conditions as in the Greater Rann of Kachchh. A major part of the geographical area of Gujarat is a semi-arid region with dry climatic conditions; but studies on pteridophyte diversity of Gujarat state have always been neglected by botanists. Consequently, the diversity of pteridophytes in the state was poorly represented with 12 genera and only 16 species reported in previous literature. The present investigation was carried out to document species diversity and to update the checklist of pteridophytes occurring in Gujarat state. A total of 50 naturally occurring species or subspecies representing 23 genera in 14 families were collected from different regions of the state. An additional 13 species cultivated in the University Botanical Garden or in homes and gardens have also been noted. Among the indigenous species, Aleuritopteris anceps, A. formosana, Ceratopteris thalictroides subsp. thalictroides, Ophioglossum indicum, O. lancifolium, O. lusoafricanum and O. petiolatum are reported as new distributional records for the state. The maximum diversity was observed in south Gujarat, followed by Central Gujarat and the Saurashtra region whereas less diversity was observed in the North and Kachchh regions. Results of our study are compared to findings made by earlier workers.

scholarly journals Formation of unified approaches towards legal protection of biological diversity and its components in the Arctic: to articulation of the problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Rednikova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems

This article examines the questions associated with protection of Arctic biodiversity, framework international legal documents, and documents of strategic planning of the Arctic countries. It is underlined that despite the unique ability to adapt to the severe climatic conditions, the ability of Arctic ecosystems and their components to self-restoration is significantly lower, which indicates the need to minimize the negative impact of various factors, as well as ensure the maximum level of ecosystem protection, including legal remedies. At the same time, considering the uniformity of natural environment of the Arctic region and ongoing processes, the peak efficiency in environmental protection of the Arctic can be achieved only by pooling and coordinating the efforts of all Arctic countries. The data on the state of Arctic environment allows determining major threats to the state of biological diversity of the region. In this regard, special role is played by climatic changes, which create a number of global challenges. Climate warming inevitably initiates ice melting in the Arctic, shrinkage or total deglaciation of certain areas, which leads to such consequences as decrease in abundance of species, namely aquatic mammals, the life cycle of which directly depends on the existence of ice. Global warming is inextricably linked with the process of displacement of latitudinal boundaries of the Arctic ecosystems towards north, which poses a risk for penetration of biological species that traditionally dwell to the south. This can lead dysfunction of ecosystems due to the dominance of alien species over the indigenous species.

scholarly journals Determination of ecological conditions and geographical distribution of vegetation in the Goksu basin

2022 ◽  
pp. 51-61
Author(s):  
Fatih Karaosmanoglu
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
The North

On the ecological conditions and distribution of vegetation in any geographical area; The mutual interaction of factors such as climate (temperature-precipitation), topography (altitude-mountain extent), soil plays an important role. In addition, these factors also determine the ecological and geographical distribution of vegetation at micro and macro levels. In this study, geographic information systems (GIS) are used as a method and here; Digital elevation model of the basin (30x30), multi-year climate data (precipitation, temperature), Erinc climate type results, soil distribution, stand distribution, plant profiles and field photographs are the materials used in the study. By processing these data, the type and distribution of vegetation in the Goksu basin were determined. According to these findings, physical factors such as altitude and the extent of the mountains have created significant differences in the precipitation and temperature distribution of the basin. This difference was clearly observed in the Erinc climate classification results, and the south of the basin presented humid and semihumid climate characteristics, and the north presented semi-arid climate characteristics. These climatic conditions also affected the soil formation and type,causing a wide distribution of non-calcareous brown soils and non-calcareous brown forest soils in the field. As a result of all these conditions, plant species showed different vertical and spatial distribution. In the part from the south of the basin to Saimbeyli, plant species such maquis, pinus brutia, pinus nigra, Cedrus libani, Abies, Juniperus are distributed, while in the north, oak species such as oak, Bromus torhentallus, Astragalus, Thymus have been distributed. Thus, factors such as climate, topography and soil played an important role in the spread of vegetation and species in the Goksu Basin.

FERTILITY AND MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS AMONG SELECTED TRIBAL POPULATION GROUPS OF NORTH–WESTERN AND EASTERN INDIA

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. KAPOOR ◽  
GAUTAM K. KSHATRIYA
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Western India ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
North Western ◽  
Total Selection

Selection potential based on differential fertility and mortality has been computed for six tribal groups inhabiting different geo-climatic conditions, namely: Sahariya, Mina and Bhil of the State of Rajasthan, north-western India, and Munda, Santal and Lodha of the State of West Bengal, eastern India. Irrespective of the methodology, the total index of selection was found to be highest among Lodhas (0·668), followed by Sahariyas (0·524), Santals (0·462), Bhils (0·386), Mundas (0·353) and Minas (0·334). Incidently, Lodha and Sahariya are two of the seventy-four notified primitive tribal groups of India, and these two study populations show the highest index of total selection, mainly because of a higher embryonic and postnatal mortality.The relative contribution of the fertility component to the index of total selection is higher than the corresponding mortality component in all tribal groups.The analysis of postnatal mortality components indicates that childhood mortality constitutes the bulk of postnatal mortality, suggesting that children under 5 years need better health care in these tribal groups.

scholarly journals Usefulness of class A Pan coefficient models for computation of reference evapotranspiration for a semi-arid region

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-528
Author(s):  
PK SINGH ◽  
SK PATEL ◽  
P JAYSWAL ◽  
SS CHINCHORKAR
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
Agricultural Organization

The reliability of estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) using pan evaporation (Epan) depends on the accurate determination of pan coefficients (Kpan). Six ET0 models were evaluated for their usefulness using 33-year climatological dataset of a semi-arid region of the Gujarat state of India. The equations compared include Cuenca (1989), Allen and Pruitt (1991), Snyder (1992), Modified Snyder (Grismer et al., 2002), Orang (1998), and Pereira et al. (1995). The ET0 data, calculated using daily Kpan values from these equations, were compared to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO)-Penman-Monteith (FAO56-PM) method as a reference. Based on the visual comparison as well as from the statistical criteria, ET0 values computed using Modified Snyder and Orang model have very close agreement with the FAO56-PM method for daily, monthly, and annual estimates as compared to other approaches. The sequential performances of the explored models was found as: Modified Snyder (Eqn. 5) > Orang (Eqn. 6) > Cuenca Eqn. (2) > Allen & Pruitt (Eqn. 3) > Snyder (Eqn. 4) > Pereira et al. (Eqn. 7) model. Therefore, the Modified Snyder model (Grismer et al., 2002) could be recommended as the best model for ET0 computations under these prevailing climatic conditions for a semi arid region.

The Archaeological Remains of the Chiwere Sioux

1937 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
The State ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
North Central ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Geographical Area ◽  
Grand River ◽  
Middle West

In the North central Middle West there is a well-defined complex of archaeological material traits that received the classificatory name Oneota aspect of the Upper Mississippi phase at the Indianapolis meeting of 1935. The material which probably should be grouped together occurs over quite a large geographical area. In northern Illinois it is one of the best known of the prehistoric cultures and is represented by at least three foci. In Wisconsin the southern and western parts of the state contain quite a number of sites grouped into three foci, two of which appear to be local, namely, Lake Winnebago and Grand River. The sites in northeastern Iowa and southeastern Minnesota contain remains so similar to those of southwestern Wisconsin that they have been placed together in the Orr focus.

scholarly journals Decorative values and the nutritional status of some Magnolia L. species under the climatic conditions of Lublin (Poland) Part. I. Decorative values of the plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Zenia Michałojć ◽  
Zbigniew Jarosz
Keyword(s):  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Shoots ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The City ◽  
Continental Climate

Six species of <i>Magnolia</i> L., growing in the Botanical Garden of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin which is located on the north-western outskirts of the city of Lublin, were studied during the period 2006-2008. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of leaf and flower development in these <i>Magnolia</i> species under the climatic and soil conditions of Lublin as well as to evaluate the size of their leaves and long shoots. The present study included the following species: <i>M. acuminata</i> L.,<i> M. kobus</i> DC, <i>M. liliiflora</i> Desr., <i>M. salicifolia</i> Siebold et Zuch, <i>M</i>. x <i>soulangiana</i> Soul.- -Bod., and <i>M. tripetala</i> L. The magnolia trees were planted in 1968-1989 on grey-brown podzolic soil derived from loess. The study area is affected by the continental climate which is characterized by large annual amplitude of temperatures, long summers as well as long and cold winters. The long-term average annual air temperature for this region is 8.1<sup>o</sup>C, while the long-term average annual rainfall reaches 541.6 mm. The obtained results showed that, among the <i>Magnolia</i> species studied, <i>M. salicifolia</i> flowered earliest under the climatic and soil conditions of Lublin, while <i>M. tripetala</i> was the last to bloom. Full leaf development, on average for the study period, was recorded earliest in <i>M. salicifolia</i> and <i>M. liliiflora</i>, whereas it occurred latest in <i>M. tripetala</i>. The leaves of <i>M. tripetala</i> were characterized by the greatest length and width, while the smallest leaves were recorded in <i>M. kobus</i>. <i>M. liliiflora</i> was found to show the smallest annual shoot increments and the lowest number of leaves.

Dams, environment and regional development – harnessing the “elixir of life: water” for overall development

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Narayan Vyas
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Western India ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
Indian Water ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
International Instruments

Water – the Elixir of Life – has the potential to sustain human life and also to develop it further, and that is why various international instruments have aptly recognized its role in sustainable development. This paper reviews the global and Indian water scenario before presenting the case of Gujarat State, where perennial water scarcity has raised serious threats to the existence of millions of people and cattle and has led to environmental degradation and constrained economic development. More than 13,000 villages out of 18,028 villages of the State are facing scarcity in terms of crop failure this year. Drinking water supply is maintained by transporting water by road tankers, “water special” trains and even by ships via a sea route. Lack of access to safe and clean water for domestic use has a detrimental effect on the social fabric, and even incidences of migration and water riots are recorded. The paper discusses the efficacy of available options including rain water harvesting. The efforts of the State to harness the untapped waters of Narmada for the survival of millions and sustainable development of western India, are discussed adjudging socio-economic and environmental impacts. The paper concludes that assured water supply is essentially critical for overall development.

scholarly journals Multi-criteria assessment of potential regions for wind power generation in the State of Rio de Janeiro

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Rocha Gonçalves Júnior ◽  
Igor Cassiano Rangel ◽  
Allysson Rodrigues Teixeira Tavares ◽  
Elias Gomes Figueira Júnior ◽  
Milton Erthal Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Total Production ◽  
The North

Abstract: Due to the current climatic conditions and concerns about the energy generation by renewable sources, wind energy becomes an alternative to meet the existing energy demand. This paper aims to analyze the most promising regions of the State of Rio de Janeiro for the implementation of wind farms for electricity generation. As an analysis tool, we intend to use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), due to its practicality, to assist in the state’s wind power atlas regions evaluation, identifying generating farms installation feasibility based on logistical, technical and economic aspects. Three suitable regions for wind farms installation were evaluated according to the following criteria: potencial for generation, land cost, interconnection cost to the grid, implementing zones e terrain-landform logistics. It was found that, for the Serrana Region, it is indicated the installation of a wind farm that operates at 50 meters in height, because it only has enough potential for equipment with this height. In the Lakes Region, it is appropriate to use wind turbines of 75 meters in height, highlighting it as the most promising for this equipment height, besides having the best logistics capacity of the three regions. Because it has a greater potential area than the other, the North Region provides a greater total production, also taking into account its greater efficiency in the aerogenerators to 100 meters of height, considering this region as the most appropriate. It is worth highlighting that, in this region, there is potential for installation in all the heights presented, scrutinizing the results obtained.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

A Synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) in Brazil, with the Description of Two New Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
James Lucas da Costa-Lima ◽  
Earl Celestino de Oliveira Chagas
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The North ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A synopsis of Dicliptera (Acanthaceae) for Brazil is presented. Six species are recognized: Dicliptera ciliaris, D. sexangularis, and D. squarrosa, widely distributed in South America; D. purpurascens, which ranges from the North Region of Brazil (in the state of Acre) to eastern Bolivia; D. gracilirama, a new species from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil; and D. granchaquenha, a new species recorded in dry and semideciduous forests in Bolivia and western Brazil, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Furthermore, we propose new synonyms and designate lectotypes for eleven names. An identification key to the six accepted Dicliptera species in Brazil is provided.

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