FERTILITY AND MORTALITY DIFFERENTIALS AMONG SELECTED TRIBAL POPULATION GROUPS OF NORTH–WESTERN AND EASTERN INDIA

2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. KAPOOR ◽  
GAUTAM K. KSHATRIYA
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Western India ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
North Western ◽  
Total Selection

Selection potential based on differential fertility and mortality has been computed for six tribal groups inhabiting different geo-climatic conditions, namely: Sahariya, Mina and Bhil of the State of Rajasthan, north-western India, and Munda, Santal and Lodha of the State of West Bengal, eastern India. Irrespective of the methodology, the total index of selection was found to be highest among Lodhas (0·668), followed by Sahariyas (0·524), Santals (0·462), Bhils (0·386), Mundas (0·353) and Minas (0·334). Incidently, Lodha and Sahariya are two of the seventy-four notified primitive tribal groups of India, and these two study populations show the highest index of total selection, mainly because of a higher embryonic and postnatal mortality.The relative contribution of the fertility component to the index of total selection is higher than the corresponding mortality component in all tribal groups.The analysis of postnatal mortality components indicates that childhood mortality constitutes the bulk of postnatal mortality, suggesting that children under 5 years need better health care in these tribal groups.

scholarly journals II. On the connexion of the Himalaya snowfall with dry winds and seasons of drought in India

1884 ◽  
Vol 37 (232-234) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
India Meteorological Department ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Western India ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Himalaya ◽  
North Western

The present paper, as regards its subject-matter though not in form, is part of a general investigation of the rainfall of India, which has occupied much of my spare time for some years past, and the results of which are already partly embodied in a memoir which I hope, in the course of a few months, to issue as an official publication of the Indian Meteorological Office. The idea that the snowfall of the Himalaya exercises a direct and important influence on the dry land winds of North-Western India is not now put forward for the first time. It has been the subject of frequent reference in the annual reports on the meteorology of India since 1876, as well as elsewhere; and in a report on the administration of the India Meteorological Department lately issued, I summarised very briefly those points in the experience of the previous five years which have seemed to justify its provisional adoption as a basis for forecasting the probable character of the monsoon rains. Relying on this experience, in the month of June last, I put forward in the Government Gazette, a note giving warning of the probability of a prolonged period of drought in the approaching monsoon season, and the result, if not in exact accordance with the terms of the forecast, has been so far confirmatory of the general idea, as to induce me to put the facts of past experience formally on record, and thereby challenge attention to the subject. If I am right in the inference that the varying extent and thickness of the Himalayan snows exercise a great and prolonged influence on the climatic conditions and weather of the plains of North-Western India, it is probable, that with more or less modification according to the local geography, causes of a similar character will be found equally operative in other regions, and perhaps on an even more extensive scale.

Check-list of Pteridophytes from Gujarat State, Western India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 514 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
KISHORE S. RAJPUT ◽  
RONAK N. KACHHIYAPATEL ◽  
SACHIN M. PATIL ◽  
AJIT M. VASAVA ◽  
RAVI S. PATEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Western India ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
The North ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Gujarat is the westernmost state of India and is known for varied climatic conditions starting from moist deciduous forest to pure desert conditions as in the Greater Rann of Kachchh. A major part of the geographical area of Gujarat is a semi-arid region with dry climatic conditions; but studies on pteridophyte diversity of Gujarat state have always been neglected by botanists. Consequently, the diversity of pteridophytes in the state was poorly represented with 12 genera and only 16 species reported in previous literature. The present investigation was carried out to document species diversity and to update the checklist of pteridophytes occurring in Gujarat state. A total of 50 naturally occurring species or subspecies representing 23 genera in 14 families were collected from different regions of the state. An additional 13 species cultivated in the University Botanical Garden or in homes and gardens have also been noted. Among the indigenous species, Aleuritopteris anceps, A. formosana, Ceratopteris thalictroides subsp. thalictroides, Ophioglossum indicum, O. lancifolium, O. lusoafricanum and O. petiolatum are reported as new distributional records for the state. The maximum diversity was observed in south Gujarat, followed by Central Gujarat and the Saurashtra region whereas less diversity was observed in the North and Kachchh regions. Results of our study are compared to findings made by earlier workers.

Uranium Toxicity in the State of Punjab in North-Western India

2014 ◽  
pp. 271-275
Author(s):  
Alok Srivastava ◽  
Friedhart Knolle ◽  
Frieder Hoyler ◽  
Ulrich W. Scherer ◽  
Ewald Schnug
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Western India ◽  
Uranium Toxicity ◽  
North Western

scholarly journals Recent Rainfall Variability Over a Dryland Ecosystem of North Western India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIVYA SAINI ◽  
PANKAJ BHARDWAJ ◽  
Omvir Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Western India ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Mean Annual Rainfall ◽  
The Mean ◽  
North Western

Abstract In this study, an attempt has been made to examine the recent rainfall variability by means of daily rainfall data of 33 well spread stations over dryland ecosystem of Rajasthan in north western India during 1961-2017. For trend analysis, Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope estimator and simple linear regression test have been used (at 95% confidence level). The results have shown a high interannual variability in rainfall occurrence varying from 277 mm (in year 2002) to 839 mm (in year 1975) with mean of 583 mm over this dryland ecosystem. Most of the rainfall deficit years have occurred with El-Nino years. The mean annual rainfall has shown a marginal non-significant upward trend over the ecosystem. The station-wise mean annual rainfall has revealed a significant rising trend over Barmer, Churu, Ganganagar, Jaisalmer and Pratapgarh stations. Interestingly, three year running average has shown a cyclic pattern of rainfall over dryland ecosystem under the changing climatic conditions. The spatial pattern has exhibited that the mean annual rainfall decreases from east and south east (more than 850 mm) to west and north west (less than 400 mm), which is mainly associated with the presence of Aravalli Mountains spreading north east to south west in central Rajasthan. Remarkably, majority of stations positioned in western parts of dryland ecosystem have shown increasing rainfall trends, whereas some stations located in eastern parts have recorded a non-significant declining trend. The magnitude of significant rising trend has varied from 5.34 mm/year (Pratapgarh station) to 2.17 mm/year (Jaisalmer station). Also, the frequency of heavy rainfall events has shown a positive trend with significant increasing trends over Bharatpur, Jaisalmer and Pratapgarh stations, whereas Bundi station has shown significant decreasing trend.

A New Publication on the Date and Historiography of the Buddha's Decease (nirvāṉa): a Review Article

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
D. Seyfort Ruegg
Keyword(s):  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Western India ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Achaemenid Empire ◽  
Indian History ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
North Western

The date of the demise, or (Mahapāri)Nirvāṉa, of the historical Buddha Śākyamuni is one of the key chronological markers in early Indian history, one which has therefore been of pivotal importance to modern scholarship on ancient India. Whilst the dates of the conquest of Gandhāara and Sindh by the Achaemenid empire and the dates of Alexander's campaigns in the subcontinent are among the very oldest established for the history of north-western India, that of the Nirvāna of the Buddha has long been regarded as the oldest more or less fixed chronological value in the history of north-eastern India. The dating of the Buddha has a crucial significance for the dates of certain ancient Indian kings-Bimbisara of Magadha and Prasenajit (Pasenadi) of Kosala -and for that of the Jain Tīrthaṅkara Mahāvīra, for the development of Jainism and the Śramaṉa movement, and for the earlier history of the Brahmanical religion and the oldest Indian philosophy, including the thought of the Upaniṣads. Moreover, quite apart from its importance for South Asia alone, the consensus (apparently) obtaining among scholars about the time of the Buddha contributed to the elaboration by Karl Jaspers, in his book of 1955 entitled Vom Ursprung und Ziel der Geschichte, of the concept of an Axial Age (‘Achsenzeit’) around 500 B.C. when a number of epoch-making events are thought to have taken place in the ancient Eurasian world.

scholarly journals Effect of foliar application of potassium and its spray schedule on yield and yield parameters of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) cv. Jaffa

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 786-790
Author(s):  
Vijay Vijay ◽  
R. P. S. Dalal ◽  
B. S. Beniwal ◽  
Hemant Saini
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Western India ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
North Western ◽  
Control Water

An investigation to evaluate the effect of foliar application of potassium and its spray schedule on yield and yield parameters in sweet orange cv. Jaffa was undertaken at experimental orchard, Department of Horticulture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar during the year 2014-15. The results revealed that the foliar application of potassium nitrate at the rate of 2 and 4 % and potassium sulphate at 1.5 and 3.0 % significantly improved average fruit weight, fruit diameter, percentage of medium and large fruits, and fruit yield of sweet orange cv. Jaffa over control (water spray). The trend was vice-versa on the percentage of small fruits. The number of fruits per plant could not differ significantly due to various treatments. Among K sources and doses, foliar application of KNO3 at 4 % exhibited superiority over other treatments with respect to yield and yield parameters followed by KNO3 at lower dose (2 %) or K2SO4 at higher dose (3 %). Among various spray schedules, application of three sprays of K in the last week of April, May and August were found superior or at par in improving yield and yield parameters with 2 sprays in the last week of April and August. The fruit yield was recorded the highest (76.90 kg/plant) with a combination of the foliar application of KNO3 at 4 % and 2 sprays in the last week of April and August which was non-significant with KNO3 with an additional spray in the last week of May. The findings signify the importance of K spray in improving yield and yield parameters of sweet orange under semi-arid climatic conditions of north western India.

Gastrointestinal Protective Effect of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd Leaf Extract Against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH Induced Ulcers

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146
Author(s):  
Shweta Jain ◽  
Sourabh Jain ◽  
Nagendra S. Chauhan ◽  
Ankur Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gastric Epithelium ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Western India ◽  
Skin Infections ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
North Western

Background: Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd. (Rhamnaceae) is a straggling shrub or a small tree, armed with spines, found throughout north western India, Pakistan and China. Methods: The aerial and root barks, leaves and fruits of Zizyphus species are used in medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as weakness, liver complaints, obesity, diabetes, skin infections, fever, diarrhea, insomnia and digestive disorders. Ethanolic extract of leaves of Zizyphus xylopyrus (Retz) Willd was prepared by solvent extraction and subjected to study the protective effect against Indomethacin and HCl-EtOH induced ulcer using Ranitidine (100 mg/kg) and Omeprazole (8 mg/kg) as standard respectively. Results: Histopathological lesions with marked disorientation of the gastric epithelium was observed in negative control, while extract treated rats showed a better protected mucosa with intact epithelium in comparison to standard treated rats. Ulcer index and percentage ulcer protection also represent protecting effects of the extract. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Z. xylopyrus (Retz) Willd leaves extract was found to be significantly protective against gastric ulcers.

Studies on the origin, evolution, and distribution of the Gramineae. III. The tribes of the subfamily Eragrostoideae

1960 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Hartley ◽  
C Slater
Keyword(s):  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Western India ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Hot Arid Climate ◽  
South West Africa ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
North Western

In further studies of grass distribution, maps are presented showing the world distribution of the Eragrosteae (sensu str.) and of the subfamily Eragrostoideae within which it is included. Both taxa show centres of high relative specific differentiation in inland Australia and in South West Africa, but in addition, the subfamily has centres of differentiation in the Sahara rekion, northern Mexico, and north-western India. The centres of differentiation are all in regions of hot, arid climate near the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn. The close relationship between climate and distribution is most apparent in the case of the subfamily Eragrostoideae, species of which are relatively abundant in the grass flora of all arid regions with high winter temperatures and summer or non-seasonal rainfall incidence. The distributions of most of the other tribes and subtribes which have been included in the Eragrostoideae show a similar relationship to climate. Some apparent exceptions to this are discussed, and it is shown that the geographical evidence supports conclusions from recent cytotaxonomic and anatomical studies that the taxa concerned should be removed from the subfamily. The very wide distribution of the subfamily and of its constituent taxa, as well as the close relationship between the distribution pattern and climate, suggests that the subfamily is a very old one. Geographical and taxonomic evidence indicates that it may have originated in tropical or subtropical Africa at least as early as the Oligocene.

Assessment of aerosols optical properties and radiative forcing over an Urban site in North-Western India

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1232-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Mor ◽  
Rajesh Dhankhar ◽  
S. D. Attri ◽  
V. K. Soni ◽  
M. Sateesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Western India ◽  
North Western
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