scholarly journals Formation of unified approaches towards legal protection of biological diversity and its components in the Arctic: to articulation of the problem

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Tatiana Vladimirovna Rednikova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems

This article examines the questions associated with protection of Arctic biodiversity, framework international legal documents, and documents of strategic planning of the Arctic countries. It is underlined that despite the unique ability to adapt to the severe climatic conditions, the ability of Arctic ecosystems and their components to self-restoration is significantly lower, which indicates the need to minimize the negative impact of various factors, as well as ensure the maximum level of ecosystem protection, including legal remedies. At the same time, considering the uniformity of natural environment of the Arctic region and ongoing processes, the peak efficiency in environmental protection of the Arctic can be achieved only by pooling and coordinating the efforts of all Arctic countries. The data on the state of Arctic environment allows determining major threats to the state of biological diversity of the region. In this regard, special role is played by climatic changes, which create a number of global challenges. Climate warming inevitably initiates ice melting in the Arctic, shrinkage or total deglaciation of certain areas, which leads to such consequences as decrease in abundance of species, namely aquatic mammals, the life cycle of which directly depends on the existence of ice. Global warming is inextricably linked with the process of displacement of latitudinal boundaries of the Arctic ecosystems towards north, which poses a risk for penetration of biological species that traditionally dwell to the south. This can lead dysfunction of ecosystems due to the dominance of alien species over the indigenous species.

Sustainable Development of the Arctic

2019 ◽  
pp. 396-415
Author(s):  
Liudmila Lapochkina ◽  
Elena Vetrova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Criteria And Indicators ◽  
The North

Circumpolar territories and the regions related to the Arctic are those rich with natural resources. They have a high potential for the development of mining and extractive industries. The abundance with resources makes the North increasingly attractive for investments. However, circumpolar territories are characterized by peculiar socio-economic, natural, and climatic conditions which taken together frequently pose a negative impact on people and hinder the exploration opportunities of the Arctic resources. In global, regional, and sub-regional levels, the development of the Arctic is heavily regulated by multilateral international treaties. However, the issues of monitoring and assessment of the sustainable development of the Arctic remain open, which stems from the absence of agreed criteria and indicators for assessing sustainability in the context of national, regional, and scientific approaches. It necessitates the development of a specific methodological approach to the establishment of a system to monitor and assess the sustainable development of the Arctic.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE HEALTH ASSESSMENT OF POST COVID-19 PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Svetlana Gorobievschi ◽  
◽  
Tudor Costru ◽  
Raisa Puia ◽  
Alina Ungureanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Special Role ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic

The phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected the whole globe, the consequences of which are long lasting and difficult to estimate. The Republic of Moldova, being a developing country, could not overcome these serious consequences, caused by the reduction of public health, the reduction of the work capacity of the population, the deplorable condition of the medical system, caused by small investments in health, etc. Human society has been put to hard tests of survival of patients with this virus, the incidence rate of diseases was about 11%. Thanks to the financial aid of the European Union, Romania and other countries, the Republic of Moldova managed to cope with things in the fight against Covid. This article presents the results of the research of the authors, participants of the national project "Assessment of health of post – COVID - 19 patients in the Republic of Moldova", which aimed to develop the Electronic Register of patients with Covid - 19 (March 2020 - June 2021), which will allow monitoring the process of treatment and recovery of the consequences of this disease, by assessing the state of health and quality of life both at admission and at discharge of the respective patients. Based on the concept of quality of life as a socio-economic category and its interconnections with health, the authors proposed the system of medical indicators to assess the health and quality of life of patients affected by covid. In the authors' opinion, a special role in the treatment and treatment of comorbidities belongs to comorbidities, so the authors selected them as separate study subjects to prove their negative impact on the form of the disease and the state of health and quality of life at discharge of patients.

Check-list of Pteridophytes from Gujarat State, Western India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 514 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
KISHORE S. RAJPUT ◽  
RONAK N. KACHHIYAPATEL ◽  
SACHIN M. PATIL ◽  
AJIT M. VASAVA ◽  
RAVI S. PATEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Western India ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Gujarat State ◽  
The North ◽  
Semi Arid Region

Gujarat is the westernmost state of India and is known for varied climatic conditions starting from moist deciduous forest to pure desert conditions as in the Greater Rann of Kachchh. A major part of the geographical area of Gujarat is a semi-arid region with dry climatic conditions; but studies on pteridophyte diversity of Gujarat state have always been neglected by botanists. Consequently, the diversity of pteridophytes in the state was poorly represented with 12 genera and only 16 species reported in previous literature. The present investigation was carried out to document species diversity and to update the checklist of pteridophytes occurring in Gujarat state. A total of 50 naturally occurring species or subspecies representing 23 genera in 14 families were collected from different regions of the state. An additional 13 species cultivated in the University Botanical Garden or in homes and gardens have also been noted. Among the indigenous species, Aleuritopteris anceps, A. formosana, Ceratopteris thalictroides subsp. thalictroides, Ophioglossum indicum, O. lancifolium, O. lusoafricanum and O. petiolatum are reported as new distributional records for the state. The maximum diversity was observed in south Gujarat, followed by Central Gujarat and the Saurashtra region whereas less diversity was observed in the North and Kachchh regions. Results of our study are compared to findings made by earlier workers.

scholarly journals Differentiation of normative standards of budgetary appropriations for the maintenance of winter roads in the North of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 00004
Author(s):  
Elena Eduardovna Grigoryeva ◽  
Evgeniy Petrovich Grigoryev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Conditions Of Work ◽  
Regions Of Russia

The article discusses the results of a study of the issues of maintaining highways of regional and intermunicipal importance in the northern regions of Russia. A special role in the article is given to the category of highways as land and ice winter roads. In the hard-to-reach areas of the Arctic and North of Russia, winter roads are the most important element of the transport system. The maintenance and service of winter roads are the responsibility of the regional authorities. The existing issue of insufficient budgetary support for the maintenance of winter roads is, inter alia, associated with the imperfection of the methodology for calculating target norms of budgetary appropriations. The article presents well-reasoned facts and substantiation of the need to update the norms of budgetary appropriations for the maintenance of winter roads, taking into account difficult territorial natural and climatic conditions of work and transport accessibility of goods delivery. Recommendations are given for changing the methodology for calculating monetary costs for the maintenance of winter roads of regional and intermunicipal importance when determining the amount of appropriations from the budget of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Ecological and Judicial Expertise in Criminal Proceedings Against the Environment in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-83
Author(s):  
Ilia Solodov
Keyword(s):  
Current Practice ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The State ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Judicial Expertise

Environmental expertise plays a special role in the course of the investigation of environmental crimes. Its main task is to recreate the mechanism of the incident, established the causation link, as well as determine the scale the negative impact on the environment and the measures to restore its original state. The author discusses the current practice of the environmental expertise in the Russian Federation. In Russia the experts from the state or private laboratories can be appointed to assist the investigator and the court in performing their tasks. The problem is that there is no commonly accepted expert methodology in a case of environmental offences. While the state experts can be expected to apply the standardised methodology approved by the Russian Centre of Forensic Expertise in Moscow, their colleges from the private sector are free to use any methods they consider as appropriate depending on the circumstances of the case. Unfortunately, in Russia, as well as in Poland, there are no effective control mechanisms to ensure that the methods applied and the data used by the experts are scientifically valid. It means that the obtained results are no always reliable and accurate. Another problem referred to the difficulties of the damage assessment in such cases. The dynamics of the environment, the complicity of the relations between its elements makes it extremely hard to assess the scale of the negative impact, as well as to establish the causation link between the human’s actions or negligence and observed changes.

scholarly journals Contribution of the atmospheric channel to lead contamination of soils in the Arctic territories

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
EI Kotova ◽  
IA Kuznetsova ◽  
VV Kriauciunas ◽  
SA Iglovsky ◽  
NS Larionov
Keyword(s):  
Kola Peninsula ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
Contamination Of Soils

Although the Arctic territories have long been considered “the gold standard of purity”, global climate change and environmental pollution are having a significant impact on the state of Arctic ecosystems. In particular, industrial complexes combined with transboundary transport are having a negative impact. The aim of this work is to determine the contribution of atmospheric Pb to the contamination of soils of the Arctic territories using the trajectory statistics method which combines correlation and factor statistical processing approaches while taking the actual lead content in the upper soil horizon into account. In order to assess the transfer of pollutants, an analysis of multiannual air mass tracts and impurity transfer trajectories to certain points was carried out. The objects of study are the soil of the Khorey-Ver settlement, the basin of the Shapkin and Sula rivers, northeastern and southern Svalbard and the islands of the Southern Archipelago of Novaya Zemlya. It was established that the primary contribution to airborne pollution of the Nenets Autonomous District (NAO) during the summer period comes from sources located within a radius of about 400 km. Aerogenic influence of the mainland on the territory of Svalbard is practically absent, with the main atmospheric transport of substances coming from nearby marine areas. The transfer of impurities from the mainland to the Novaya Zemlya District is also insignificant. During the summer months, there is practically no airborne lead contamination of the island territories. Some influences on the territory of Novaya Zemlya and the NEO can be traced to sources on the Kola Peninsula, the coasts of the Barents and Kara seas, as well as long-distance transport from the southern regions. On the territory of the NAO, the number of heavy metal (HM) precipitations increases from west to east, possibly indicating a stronger impact of emissions from the Norilsk industrial hub than from the enterprises of the Kola Peninsula on this territory. In terms of seasonal dynamics, the island points are characterised by an increase in HM fluxes during the winter period; conversely, for the NAO territory, such an increase takes place during the summer. This discrepancy is primarily due to the changing nature of the atmospheric circulation.

scholarly journals Energy Resources Exploitation in the Russian Arctic: Challenges and Prospects for the Sustainable Development of the Ecosystem

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8300
Author(s):  
Natalia Romasheva ◽  
Diana Dmitrieva
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Hydrocarbon Production ◽  
Oil And Gas Production

According to the forecasts made by IEA, BP, and Total in early 2021, the demand for hydrocarbons will continue for decades, and their share in the global energy balance will remain significant. Russia, as a key player in the energy market, is interested in maintaining and increasing hydrocarbon production, so further exploitation of the Arctic energy resources is an urgent issue. A large number of onshore oil and gas projects have been successfully implemented in the Arctic since the 1930s, while recently, special attention has been paid to the offshore energy resources and implementation of natural gas liquefaction projects. However, the implementation of oil and gas projects in the Arctic is characterized by a negative impact on the environment, which leads to a violation of the ecological balance in the Arctic, and affects the stability of its ecosystem, which is one of the most vulnerable ecosystems on the planet. The main goal of the present study is to understand how the implementation of oil and gas projects in the Arctic affects the ecosystem, to assess the significance of this process, and to find out what the state and business could do to minimize it. In the article, the authors analyze energy trends, provide brief information about important oil and gas projects being implemented in the Arctic region of Russia, and investigate the challenges of the oil and gas projects’ development and its negative impacts on the Arctic environment. The main contributions of this paper are the identification of all possible environmental risks and processes accompanying oil and gas production, and its qualitative analysis and recommendations for the state and business to reduce the negative impact of oil and gas projects on the Arctic ecosystem. The research methodology includes desk studies, risk management tools (such as risk analysis, registers, and maps), brainstorming, the expert method, systematization, comparative analysis, generalization, and grouping.

Development Prospects of Arctic Ecosystems Legal Protection

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Наталья Хлуденева ◽  
Natalya Khludeneva
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Ecological Development ◽  
Development Prospects

The article investigates ways and means of arctic ecosystems’ protection provided by the ecological legislation of Russia. In the opinion of the author of the article, reasonable legal regulation providing not only economic, but also ecological development of the Arctic is one of the most important conditions for expansion of ecologically safe use of the resource potential in this area. The article analyzes shortcomings of the Russian ecological legislation, and offers proposals for their elimination. The author also assesses the development prospects of Arctic ecosystems’ legal protection.

The effect of the content of ApoA-I in peripheral blood on the state of immune homeostasis in people living in extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 539-545
Author(s):  
Ksenia Olegovna Pashinskaya ◽  
A. V. Samodova ◽  
L. K. Dobrodeeva
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Adhesion Protein ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Murmansk Region

The paper presents data on the impacts of the content of ApoA-I in peripheral blood on the state of immune homeostasis in people living in extreme climatic conditions of the Arctic. From the village of Revda, Murmansk region, 191 people were examined, 160 women and 31 men, aged from 21 to 55 years. The analysis of the results was carried out depending on the level of ApoA-I content: 111 examined people had a low content of ApoA-I (< 115 mg/dl) and 80 people had a concentration of ApoA-I - within the physiological norm (115-220 mg/dl). Deficiency of ApoA-I is associated with an increase in plasma concentrations of total cholesterol in 37.5% and triglycerides in 62.5% of cases. Low content of ApoA-I is associated with a decrease in the content of neutrophilic granulocytes and an increase in the concentration of small lymphocytes, IL-10 and IgE. Deficiency of ApoA-I is associated with an increase in the content of CD45RA+, CD16+, CD56+ lymphocyte phenotypes in blood. Low concentrations of ApoA-I are associated with low expression activity of L-selectin gene and free L-selectin ligand. Due to deficiency of ApoA-I, no significant differences were detected in the content of transferrin, free transferrin receptor, haptoglobin, free calcium-dependent cell adhesion protein, and free pool of receptors involved in apoptosis. Conclusion: deficiency of ApoA-I in blood plasma is associated with increased migration of neutrophils into the tissue and cell-mediated cytotoxicity of lymphocytes and occurs because of the effect of decreased activity of the level of antioxidant defense, changes in the structure of cell membranes and the participation of adhesion molecules.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE SEVERITY OF INTERNET ADDICTION IN STUDENTS OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (73) (3) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
A. S. Galchenko ◽  
P. E. Grigoriev ◽  
L. V. Poskotinova
Keyword(s):  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Separate Sample ◽  
Dependent Behavior ◽  
Close Relationship

om Arkhangelsk, Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nadym and Simferopol. The analysis of the results included two stages. At the first stage of the study, the integral and scale indicators of the severity of Internet-dependent behavior were calculated separately for each sample of students from different regions. At the second stage of the study, the group profiles of Internet-dependent behavior were evaluated by comparing the severity of each symptom of Internet addiction within a separate sample. A common trend among modern young people of older adolescence is the tendency to develop Internet-dependent behavior, regardless of the region of residence. The analysis of group profiles of Internet-dependent behavior by comparing the severity of each symptom within a separate sample allowed us to establish general and specific characteristics of the formation of Internet-dependent behavior in students from different regions of Russia. It was revealed that with a moderate level of Internet addiction severity (the average indicator for the groups is from 47.64 to 50.63 points), all the studied samples have a uniform formation of the main addictive symptoms, which are most likely in close relationship with each other. The variability of responses of respondents from the northern and southern regions was found at the level of different sensitivity to the negative consequences of excessive Internet use. There are reasons to assume that the» threshold of susceptibility» to the negative impact of the Internet environment, beyond which intrapersonal problems and health problems arise in respondents living in the Arctic zone, is lower than in respondents from the southern region. Uncomfortable natural and climatic conditions of living in the Arctic zone, associated with extremely low temperatures, light and oxygen starvation, instability of barometric pressure, as well as with specific isolation due to distance from the mainland, cause tension in all body systems, deplete adaptive reserves and have an adverse effect on health. Thus, with a high degree of probability, the revealed differences between the samples may be due to the climatic and geographical factor, as well as closely related socio-cultural and psychophysiological factors.

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