Early ontogeny of Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 1840 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae): Neotropical catfish

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4948 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-98
Author(s):  
FABÍOLA KATRINE SOUZA DA SILVA ◽  
RUINERIS ALMADA CAJADO ◽  
LUCAS SILVA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
FRANK RAYNNER VASCONCELOS RIBEIRO ◽  
DIEGO MAIA ZACARDI
Keyword(s):  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Adipose Fin ◽  
Early Juvenile Period ◽  
Meristic Data

Larval ontogeny of the long-whiskered catfish Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 1840 is described, providing useful characters for identification and determining the growth pattern throughout its development. Eighty-nine larvae classified in three stages (preflexion, flexion and postflexion) and 30 juveniles were analyzed, totaling 119 individuals. The specimens were collected monthly from January 2013 to May 2019 in the lower Amazon river. A suite of morphological, morphometric, and meristic data was used to describe the stages of development. Three analytical regression models were used: simple linear, quadratic and piecewise regressions. The larvae are characterized by small to moderate eyes, subinferior mouth, and long barbels (maxillary larger than the mental barbels), triangular-shaped adipose fin, and the final part of the intestine reaching half the body. Pigmentation consists of dendritic chromatophores distributed irregularly in the body, ventral region and head, intensifying in the flanks and dorsal region throughout development. The total number of myomeres has a mode of 42 muscle bundles, ranging from 40 to 42 (15 to 16 pre-and 25 to 26 post-anal) and the number of fin segments corresponded to: pectoral = I + 9, pelvic = 6, dorsal = I + 6 and anal = 11–12. All body variables showed discontinuous isometric growth, indicating a deceleration in the structural modeling of the body, between the flexion/post-flexion stages and acceleration in post-flexion/early juvenile period. Precisely when the formation of the fin rays, muscles and organs of the digestive system and ossification are observed, suggesting low morphological variation during ontogenetic development. Pimelodus blochii differs from other congeneric species in the lower Amazon river by meristic characters, which helps to correctly identify individuals in early stages of development. 

scholarly journals Metamorphosis of whitemouth croaker Micropogonias furnieri (Pisces, Sciaenidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182
Author(s):  
Mara Braverman ◽  
Daniel Brown ◽  
E. Marcelo Acha
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Micropogonias Furnieri

Fish metamorphosis is an important ontogenetic process with a key role on early stages survival and on successful recruitment to adult populations. The whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) is an important commercial resource for the coastal fisheries of Argentina and Uruguay. Metamorphosis, using morphometric and morphological analyses during larval development was studied. Changes in morpho-meristic characters before and after metamorphosis were employed to determine the length interval of this transition by employing Principal Component Analysis. Individuals (n=430) from 4 to 41 mm standard length (SL) were collected in the Río de la Plata estuary (35.45º S, 56.35º W) in March 2006. Length ranges of individual´s developmental stages were associated with the presence of key morphological characters. During early life stages, M. furnieri changes from a big-headed, robust shape larva to a slender and more elongated body form. Most of the morphometric variables showed an inflexion point at 15.2 mm SL, with a 95% confidence interval of 14.0 – 16.4 mm. The anterior part of the body grows faster during early stages, probably related to an intense feeding activity strategy. The completion of pectoral fin rays and the onset of squamation determine the beginning of metamorphosis at 11-12 mm SL. At around 18 mm SL, squamation ends, first barbels develop and the sagittae otolith primordium is closed. The length-at-metamorphosis for M. furnieri was established between 9 to 18 mm SL, since all developmental characters studied highly overlapped at that interval. All those processes are indicative of the beginning of the juvenile period associated to the settlement and the start of a bottom-oriented life-style.

scholarly journals Body mass, spleen mass and level of thyroid hormones in juvenile hypothyroid rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Dragutin Roksandic ◽  
Marija Simic ◽  
Anita Radovanovic ◽  
Dusan Gledic
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Juvenile Rats ◽  
Early Juvenile ◽  
Early Juvenile Period ◽  
Spleen Mass

In this paper, the effect of hypothyroidism on body mass and spleen mass of rats was examined during the prenatal and early juvenile periods. Hypothyroidism was induced by the application of propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water to the mothers from the first day of gravidity and during lactation, and the offspring were sacrificed on the 14th and 21st days after birth. The body mass of the juvenile rats was measured just before they were sacrificed. The concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) in blood serum were determined in control and treated juvenile rats. The results indicate that PTU leads to a reduction in T3 and T4 serum concentrations in treated juvenile rats. Treated juvenile rats had a bigger body mass and spleen mass in comparison with control animals. These data indicate that hypothyroidism induced in the prenatal and early juvenile period leads to an increase in the body mass and spleen mass and disrupts the normal development of the spleen in the course of the examined period. .

Glucose Calibration Modeling in Blood with Spline Regression Approaching to Non-Invasive Tools

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Ria Hayatun Nur ◽  
Indahwati A ◽  
Erfiani A
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spline Regression ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Non Invasive

In this globalization era, health is the most important thing to be able to run various activities. Without good health, this will hinder many activities. Diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases caused by unhealty lifestyle.There are many treatments that can be done to prevent the occurrence of diabetes. The treatments are giving the insulin and also checking the glucose rate to the patients.Checking the glucose rate needs the tools which is safety to the body. This research want to develop non invasive tool which is safety and do not injure the patient. The purpose of this research is also finding the best model which derived from Linear, Quadratic, and Cubic Spline Regression. Some respondents were taking to get the glucose measuring by invasive and non invasive tools. It could be seen clearly that Spline Linear Regression was the best model than Quadratic and Cubic Spline Regression. It had 70% and 33.939 for R2 and RMSEP respectively.

The philometrid nematodePhilometroides acreanensis n. sp. from the stomach wall of the catfishPimelodus blochiiin north-western Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H.O. Cavalcante ◽  
F. Moravec ◽  
C.P. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stomach Wall ◽  
Amazon River ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
South American

AbstractA new nematode species,Philometroides acreanensisn. sp. (Philometridae), is described from female specimens recovered from the stomach wall of the freshwater catfishPimelodus blochiiValenciennes (Pimelodidae) collected in the Acre River (Amazon River basin), Acre State, Brazil. Based on examination by light and scanning electron microscopy, the new species differs from the two other South American congeneric species mainly in the body length of the gravid female (240–280 mm), the length of the oesophagus (1.25 mm in holotype) representing 0.5% of the entire body length, the range of cuticular embossment, as well as the location in the host (stomach), order of the fish host (Siluriformes) and the geographical distribution (Amazon River drainage system). This is the third known species ofPhilometroidesYamaguti, 1935 reported from South America. A key to species ofPhilometroidesoccurring in the fish of America is provided.

XV. On the development of the parasitic isopoda

1878 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Abdominal Appendages ◽  
Pair Of Antennae

The following paper contains an account of observations on the development of the species Cymothoa œstroides and C . parallela of Milne Edwards; but the forms of the young seem to show that several species are really included under these two names. In the early stages of development the only observable difference that exists between the embryos is one of size, but in the later stages they differ very markedly from each other in their external characters. From adult individuals answering the description of C . œstroides I have obtained four varieties of embryos: two with long antennae and two with short.* In the two former the first pair of antennae are but slightly longer than the head, while the second pair are longer than the body; the eyes are small. In one of the varieties thus characterised the abdominal appendages are fringed with long hairs (fig. 20), and in the other they are smooth.

Evaluation of the meat quality of chickens of the egg-meat direction of productivity, for promising use in organic production

2022 ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Z. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Age Studies

Purpose: studying the features of the formation of signs of meat productivity in chickens of the egg-meat direction in the juvenile period in ontogenesis and fixing the most informative age for early assessment of meat qualities.Materials and methods. Young grew in group cells of a 3-tier cellular battery. The dynamics of growth and the development of exterior and interior indicators, characterizing meat productivity in ontogenesis in the young of the Pushkin breed of chickens, which refers to an egg-meat type on productivity through periodic (every 2 weeks) weighing and taking protections of the physique in 100 heads of young people. On 21 heads, an anatomical cutting was carried out at which the mass of the heart, liver, two parts of the stomach (muscular, iron), the sum of the muscles (femur, crus, metatisium) took into account. The development of meat forms of the physique to determine the age and individual characteristics was determined using exterior articles of industrial (the length of the body, the length of the keel, the gripping of the chest, the length of the leg, hips, plus). Prombs were taken from the entire experienced livestock, together with weighing, every 2 weeks. In order to find the most informative age for an early estimate of meat quality, which would characterize meat productivity at an older age, the correlation was calculated between the industrial over the age periods and the mass of muscles at 16 weeks.Results. The dynamics of the average daily growth of the living mass and the mass of the carved carcass in the roosters was uneven. Until 8-week age, the average daily increase increased, then began to decline until 14 weeks of age, during 16-week aged an average increase increased dramatically. The dynamics of average daily growths in the roosters of individual muscles was similar, namely, from 4 to 8-week age, high rates of average daily growth were noted, and from 8 to 14 months of age there is a decrease, and then again activation of growth. Studies have shown that the growth of the skeleton is slowed down by 14 weeks. The dynamics of the average daily growth of internal organs in the roosters in the juvenile period occurs asynchronously. The greatest intensity of the growth of the heart, liver and stomach was observed on a 8-week age. Studies have shown that the stomach is most intensively developing up to 8 weeks, then development is braked sharply.Conclusion. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that for the preliminary selection of chickens of the egg-meat direction of cultivation with the best genetic potential for meat productivity, it is possible at 8 weeks old, but the final rating should be carried out no earlier than 14-week age. The estimation of meat qualities in a 14-week age should be carried out on the basis of live masses and industrial, namely, the oblique length of the body, the girth plus, the length of the leg, the preliminary estimate can be done in such a precursor, as the slanting the length of the body, the length of the leg and girth plus.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling and Control of a Two-Wheeled PUMA-LikeVehicle

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled M Goher
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Linear Quadratic Regulator ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pole Placement ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
And Control

<p class="1Body">This paper presents mathematical modelling and control of a two-wheeled single-seat vehicle. The design of the vehicle is inspired by the Personal Urban Mobility and Accessibility (PUMA) vehicle developed by General Motors® in collaboration with Segway®. The body of the vehicle is designed to have two main parts. The vehicle is activated using three motors; a linear motor to activate the upper part in a sliding mode and two DC motors activating the vehicle while moving forward/backward and/or manoeuvring. Two stages proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control schemes are designed and implemented on the system models. The state space model of the vehicle is derived from the linearized equations. Controller based on the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) and the pole placement techniques are developed and implemented. Further investigation of the robustness of the developed LQR and the pole placement techniques is emphasized through various experiments using an applied impact load on the vehicle.</p>

Morphological variations of striped seabream, Lithognathus mormyrus, populations along the Tunisian coast

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibtissem Hammami ◽  
Lilia Bahri-Sfar ◽  
Oum Kalthoum Ben Hassine
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
The Body ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Lithognathus Mormyrus

Morphological variations of Tunisian Lithognathus mormyrus populations were investigated using 41 morphometric measurements (27 truss elements and 14 traditional measurements) and eight meristic characters collected from ten marine and lagoon samples. Statistical analyses (e.g. discriminant function analysis (DFA)) performed separately to truss and traditional data revealed a significant degree of morphological dissimilarity of lagoon samples (Bizerta, Ghar El Melh and El Biban lagoons). For these three lagoon environments the overall assignment of individuals into their original sample (percentage classification success) by DFA was 94% for truss elements and 98% for traditional measurements. This morphological discrimination among lagoon samples, revealed with traditional measurements, seems to be associated only with the anterior part of the body (especially with the pre-orbit and snout length). However, for truss analyses, it was explained by both anterior and posterior parts (peduncle region). Statistical analyses for only marine samples showed partial overlapping with significant morphometric variation of the Chebba and Gabès samples mainly related to the anterior part of the body, for the first sample, but also to the posterior region, for the second one. These morphometric variations are often due to environmental conditions and mainly to the exploitation of different ecological niches that are particularly limited by the availability, type and size of prey. Thus, truss and traditional approaches are complementary and provide more accurate explanations of such a morphological discrimination. Meristic character analyses showed homogeneity of striped seabream samples, except for the Ghar El Melh lagoon sample which quietly differed from the others. This distinction was mainly explained by the number of soft anal rays.

scholarly journals Dynamics of individual indicators of protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens on the background of combined stress when included in the diet “Reasil Humic Vet” + “Laktin” and “Reasil Humic Health”

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
V. G. Stoyanovskyy ◽  
M. O. Shevchuk ◽  
I. A. Kolomiiets ◽  
V. A. Kolotnytskyy
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Stress Factor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Combined Stress ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Γ Globulins

The body of  broiler chickens is characterized by a high metabolism, which promotes rapid growth and development, but their performance indicators are largely related to housing conditions, which are known to include a number of technological stressors. With the development of stress in the body of poultry changes the course of metabolic processes, which causes changes in all types of metabolism, including protein. The aim of the study was to determine the changes in individual indicators of protein metabolism in the body of broiler chickens against the background of combined stress when included in the diet “Reasil Humic Vet” + “Laktin” and “Reasil Humic Health”. At 13th day of life, all clinically healthy poultry were exposed to combined stress – revaccination (intranasal Newcastle disease) plus cold stress (for 60 minutes by air conditioning and 5 °C in the vivarium). Material for research was selected for 3 days after the action of the stress factor (stage of anxiety), 13, 20 and 26 days after the action of the stress factor (the resistance stage). The material for the study was blood plasma, which determined the concentration of total protein, as well as the content of albumin, globulin fraction (α1, α2, β, γ). It was found that 3 days after the action of stress in chickens of Control group the development of adaptive reactions is manifested by the stability of the total protein content and redistribution of the fractional composition of plasma globulins in the form of increased albumin and α2-globulins. At different stages of development of the stage of resistance in birds of Control group, the content of total protein decreases by an average of 14.6 % due to the content of albumin by 6.9 % and α2-globulins – by 15.9 %, against the background of increasing α1- and γ-globulins by 23.1 and 33.5 % with the stabilization of individual studied indicators at the final stages of development of the resistance stage. The use in the diet of broilers feed “Reasil Humic Vet”, probiotic feed supplement “Laktin”, feed “Reasil Humic Health” under the influence of complex stress helps to increase the intensity of protein metabolism in poultry with the development of adaptation syndrome, as evidenced by the growth of total protein on average by 37.8 % (P < 0.05) and albumin – by 17.0 % (P < 0.05), which indicates an increase in the intensity of protein-synthesizing properties of the organism. In different periods of stress in the blood of broiler chickens Research groups there is an increase in the ratio of individual protein fractions, especially the content of γ-globulins - an average of 21.3 % (P < 0.05), which indicates an increase in the immune status of their body with a predominance of numerical values in the Research 1 group of poultry.

On the Amphilaphorchidinae, A New Subfamily of Proteocephalid Cestodes, and Myzophorus admonticellia, gen. et sp.n., Parasitic in Pirinampus spp. from the Amazon

Parasitology ◽  
1934 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. F. Woodland
Keyword(s):  
British Museum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Adipose Fin ◽  
General Appearance

“Piranabú,” “Piranampú” or “Piranampú” (the last according to Goeldi, 1898) are local names on the Amazon applied to the siluroid fish which, so far as it is possible to determine from memory and from the rough sketches and notes which I made at the time, is the modern Pirinampus pirinampus (Spix). This fish, of which I examined eight examples, attains a length of at least 60 cm., has an elongated adipose fin more than one-third the length of the entire body, microscopic scales, possesses maxillary barbels about half the length of the body, and in general appearance closely resembles the figure (Tab. VIII, a) of “Pimelodus ctenodus” provided by Spix (1829). I am much indebted to Mr J. R. Norman, of the British Museum, for his kind assistance in identification.

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