On the authorship and publication dates of the nomina Theraphosa and Theraphosidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4950 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-397
Author(s):  
DANNIELLA SHERWOOD ◽  
THEO BLICK ◽  
RAY GABRIEL ◽  
SYLVIA M. LUCAS
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Genital Organ ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Family

The family Theraphosidae is the most speciose in the infraorder Mygalomorphae Pocock, 1892 with over one thousand described species (World Spider Catalog 2021). The taxonomy of the group has been subjected to considerable attention in modern times, with a focus on delineation based predominantly on genital organ and stridulatory organ morphology which has shown promise, both alongside molecular methods (where possible) and as a stand-alone line of evidence, in stabilising the group (e.g. Hamilton et al. 2016; Fabiano-da-Silva et al. 2020; see also Sherwood 2020). The predominant reference to the family is as Theraphosidae Thorell, 1870 with almost as many references to Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869. This non-congruence of dates is because Tord Tamerlan Teodor Thorell (1830–1901) had his important work On European Spiders published in two parts during its publication by the Royal Society of Upsala in its journal Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis. The first half (pages 1–108 and the supplement I–XIII) was published in 1869 whereas pages 109–242 (despite being dated on the cover page as 1869) were published in 1870 (see Roewer 1942; Bonnet 1945; World Spider Catalog 2021). In the second part, the secretary of the society notes: “L’auteur avait proposé comme titre du présent mémoire: Remarks on Synonyms of European Spiders, preceded by some observations on Zoological Nomenclature and a Review of the European Genera of Spiders; mais, la partie, insérée dans le Tome VII, étant seule présentée à la Société des Sciences le 13 Fevr. 1869, il a été nécessaii’e d’y conformer le titre.” [= The author proposed as the title of this memoir: Remarks on Synonyms of European Spiders, preceded by some observations on Zoological Nomenclature and a Review of the European Genera of Spiders; but, the part, inserted in Volume VII, being the only one presented to the Société des Sciences on 13 Feb. 1869, it was necessary to conform the title to it.]. 

The genus Trophomera Rubtsov & Platonova, 1974 with description of T. litoralis sp. n. (Nematoda: Benthimermithidae) from the tidal zone of the Kuril Archipelago and proposal of Benthimermis Petter, 1980 as a junior synonym

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry M. Miljutin
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Tidal Zone ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tail Shape ◽  
Emended Description

Abstract The type species of Trophomera, T. iturupiensis, is redescribed from type material and important errors in the original description corrected. As a result of this emended description, Benthimermis is proposed as a junior synonym of Trophomera and its species transferred accordingly. The family name Benthimermithidae is retained according to articles 23.1 and 40.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Trophomera is diagnosed and an annotated list of nominal species presented. Trophomera litoralis sp. n., collected from the tidal zone of Ushishir Island (Kuril Archipelago), is described on the basis of four males. The males of T. litoralis sp. n. differ from those of other Trophomera species primarily by the much higher number of precloacal supplementary organs (105-108 vs 2-68). Trophomera litoralis sp. n. is most similar to T. regalis comb. n. yet differs by shorter body length (5.8-9.3 vs 14.9 mm), body proportions (a = 67-107 vs 124.4; c = 61-97 vs 135.7), greater length of the intermediate spermatoduct between the anterior and posterior testes (ca 1/7th vs ca 1/140th of body length), tail shape (rounded conoid vs pointed conoid), and number of precloacal supplementary organs (105-108 vs 49).

The study of psychological problems of developmental stages of the family in modern times

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (07) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Teybə Aslan qızı Əfəndiyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Life Goals ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Family Development ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Development Zone ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Problem Family

The family is an integral part of society. More precisely, the family can be called the primary social group. We know that the family is a key component of the social structure of any society, performs various social functions and plays a key role in the development of society. As the society developed socio-economically and culturally in the ups and downs of the historical process, the family developed along with it and gained new features. Let's look at some definitions of the family in modern encyclopedias and dictionaries: The family is a small group based on marriage or blood relationship. Its members are connected to each other by domestic unity, mutual moral responsibility and mutual assistance. The innovations of each stage of family development, the immediate development zone and the possible forms of fixation or regression in the family development are all given in separate stages of development. The highlighted stages not only reflect the social changes in the family, but also the changes in life goals, values and social roles of family members through their prism. Keywords: Development, psychology, problem, family, social, system, relationships, internal, roles

scholarly journals Pendidikan Kristen Dalam Keluarga Sebagai Pendekatan Pembentukan Karakter Anak

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Aprianto Wirawan
Keyword(s):  
Christian Education ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Community Or ◽  
The Family ◽  
In Christ ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Christian Families ◽  
The Mind

Christian families are a community of love, and the smallest unit in the community or congregation that lives to love each other. This research aims to remind parents who are the main educators in the family. Christian education is useful for children's spiritual and physical development in order to grow in knowledge and faith in Christ.  Christian education is able to renew the mind, realize a generation that loves God with all heart, soul, mind and strength, loves the righteousness of God and lives for the glory of God. Character is a way of thinking, behaving, cooperating between individuals in the scope of family, society, nation and country. Christian education in children whose parents live separately because of important work, to shape Christian character. The child grows whole in spiritual, intellectual, emotional, social and character aspects. Keluarga Kristen merupakan komunitas cinta kasih, dan unit terkecil di tengah masyarakat atau jemaat yang hidup saling mengasihi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengingatkan orang tua yang merupakan pendidik utama dalam keluarga. Pendidikan Kristen berguna bagi tumbuh kembang rohani maupun jasmani anak agar bertumbuh dalam pengetahuan serta iman pada Kristus. Pendidikan Kristen mampu memperbaharui akal budi, mewujudkan generasi yang mengasihi Tuhan dengan segenap hati, jiwa, akal budi dan kekuatan, mencintai kebenaran Allah serta hidup bagi kemuliaan Allah. Karakter merupakan cara berfikir, berperilaku, bekerjasama antar individu dalam ruang lingkup keluarga, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara. Pendidikan Kristen pada anak yang orang tuanya hidup terpisah karena pekerjaan penting, untuk membentuk karakter Kristiani. Anak bertumbuh secara utuh dalam aspek rohani, intelek, emosi, sosial dan karakternya.

scholarly journals Nomenclature of supra-generic units within the Family Scincidae (Squamata)

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5067 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-351
Author(s):  
GLENN M. SHEA
Keyword(s):  
Family Group ◽  
Zoological Nomenclature ◽  
International Code ◽  
New Classification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Modern Classification

The modern classification of skinks is based on a nomenclature that dates to the 1970s. However, there are a number of earlier names in the family group that have been overlooked by recent workers. These names are identified and their validity with respect to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature investigated, along with their type genera. In most cases, use of these names to supplant junior synonyms in modern day use is avoidable by use of the Reversal of Precedence articles of the Code, but the names remain available in case of future divisions at the tribe and subtribe level. Other names are unavailable due to homonymy, either of their type genera or the stems from similar but non-homonymous type genera. However, the name Egerniini is replaced by Tiliquini, due to a limited timespan of use of Egerniini. A new classification of the Family Scincidae is proposed, providing a more extensive use of Code-regulated levels of classification, including tribes and subtribes, and a detailed synonymy provided for each taxonomic unit.  

scholarly journals Kahawai Phylogeny and Phylogenetics:  A Genetic Investigation into Commercial and Recreational Fisheries Management and Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Brenton Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Recreational Fisheries ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Genetic Investigation ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Family

<p>Globally, commercially exploited fish species are coming under more and more pressure as the population of humans grow. Protein from the sea has traditionally been available to coastal communities throughout history. In modern times however, traditional artisanal fisheries have been replaced by commercial fishing industries. It is estimated by some authorities that these modern fisheries have led to decreases in pre-exploitation biomass of desirable species of up to 90%. As desirable species decline, secondary species become more valuable and subject to exploitation. An issue with this exploitation is that management decisions of fish stocks are often based on political or commercial concerns rather than sound science focussed on preserving stocks, and ultimately, fishing industries. To investigate phylogenetic and phylogeographic relationships of fish, kahawai (Arripis trutta) was used as a proxy species. A. trutta is one of only four members of the genus Arripis, which in turn is the sole member of the family Arripidae. It was found that a single, highly connected population of A. trutta inhabit New Zealand waters, and approximately 15 migrants per generation make the journey between New Zealand and Australia, genetically linking these populations. A phylogeny of A. trutta was resolved using mitochondrial DNA, and while COX1 data supported the hypothesis that A. trutta forms a monophyletic clade within the Stromateoids (medusa fish, squaretails and drift fish) and the Scombrids (tuna, mackerel and their allies) suggesting a common ancestor, other data collected during the investigation does not support this hypothesis.</p>

scholarly journals A comparative study of the brains in pleuronectidae

1937 ◽  
Vol 122 (828) ◽  
pp. 308-343 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
The Family ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

Part I. The Medulla Oblongata, And Its Variations Acoording To Diet And Feeding Habits In previous communications to this Society the relationship of the habits of feeding and diet to the form and pattern of the medulla oblongata has been described in the cyprinoids, clupeids, and gadoids (Evans, 1931, 1932, 1935). This research takes up a similar study of the brain of the Pleuronectidae. The expense has been borne by a grant from the Royal Society for which the author tenders his grateful thanks. It has seemed to be desirable to extend the observations to the fore- and mid-brain, as in some members of the family these present a very marked development. In order to elucidate some of the problems that arise I have also studied the brain of the eel, and some interesting conclusions have resulted. We find, as a result of examination by the naked eye and of serial sections, that we can divide the following species into four groups as follows: I. The sole, Solea vulgaris .

The Royal Society of Edinburgh, James Hutton, the Clerks of Penicuik and the Igneous Origin of Granite

2008 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. Suppl. 1-Suppl. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Mclntyre
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Wavelength Region ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Mount Everest ◽  
James Clerk Maxwell ◽  
Igneous Origin ◽  
The Family

Mauna Kea in Hawaii is the world’s tallest mountain — about 1000 m taller than Mount Everest (Science, volume 313, 22 September 2006, p. 1732). Near the summit, at an altitude of 4092 m, is the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) — the largest astronomical telescope designed to operate in the sub-millimetre wavelength region of the spectrum. In 1987 the JCMT was dedicated by HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and named for the physicist James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879). Sir John Dutton Clerk of Penicuik Bt, CBE, VRD, DL FRSE (1917-2002) represented the family.

Honor-Related Violence in the Netherlands

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-143
Author(s):  
Janine Janssen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
Lethal Outcome ◽  
Honor Codes ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Family

What has the Dutch police learned about violence in the name of the family honor over the years? In the first paragraph, authors will deal with the question: What is violence in the name of the family honor? And what has the Dutch police done to curb this particular form of violence? The second paragraph addresses the question: What tools do the Dutch police have for dealing with this form of violence and helping vulnerable groups in society? The most important lesson that the Dutch Police have learned is that this form of violence has many faces. It might be a threat or have a lethal outcome. Next to that, ancient honor codes are capable of tapping into modern times: offenses against the honor of the family do not only take place in ‘real life' so to speak, but also online. In the early days in The Netherlands, violence in the name of family honor was often associated with migrants of Turkish decent, but nowadays the police also see cases in other communities.

scholarly journals George Wallace Kenner, 16 November 1922 - 26 June 1978

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 390-420 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Biographical Memoir ◽  
College Of Technology ◽  
The Family ◽  
Organic Chemist ◽  
Family Home ◽  
The University

George Wallace Kenner was born on 16 November 1922 at Sheffield, the younger son of a well known organic chemist James Kenner (1885-1974) who was at that time a lecturer in chemistry at the University of Sheffield. Details of the Kenner family’s origins are to be found in the biographical memoir of James Kenner ( Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society , 1975, 21, 389) and need not be repeated here. His mother, herself a chemist, I can recall only as a rather ebullient, talkative woman devoted to her two sons, Donald and George, in a family dominated by an aggressive father and kept very much to itself as a result. Before George was two years old the family left England for Australia where in late 1924 his father became Professor of Organic Chemistry (Pure and Applied) in the University of Sydney. Not surprisingly, we know little of George’s time there since the family returned to England in January 1928 when James Kenner was appointed Professor of Technological Chemistry at the Manchester College of Technology. The Kenners took up residence in the Manchester suburb of Withington where the family home remained (nominally at least) until James Kenner’s death in 1974.

scholarly journals Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer, 1858-1945

1956 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Early Education ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Iron Curtain ◽  
Family Resources ◽  
Army Medical ◽  
The Family ◽  
Foreign Member

Richard Pfeiffer, one of the pioneers of bacteriology and an assistant of Robert Koch, was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 1928 at the age of 70. Twenty-seven years later inquiry revealed that he was still alive in 1945 behind the Iron Curtain, but that since then all trace of him had been lost. It is now known that he died on 15 September 1945 aged 87 years. Richard Pfeiffer was born on 27 March 1858 at Zduny, Posen, the eldest son of Otto Pfeiffer, a clergyman, and received his early education at Schweidnitz whither the family had removed. He passed out of the Gymnasium at the age of 17. He always had the ambition to study the natural sciences and medicine, but the family resources made a University career impossible. He was, however, fortunate in being accepted as a pupil in the exclusive ‘Pepiniere’ (afterwards the Kaiser Wilhelm Akademie). The purpose of this institution was to train boys to enter the Army Medical Service, and a number of its pupils had become leading bacteriologists. Education at the ‘Pepiniere’ was therefore a distinct step towards a career in medical science.

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