Adhesion Property and Tool Wear of Hybrid Deposited Ti0.67Al0.23Si0.09N Coatings with WC Grain Size and Co Content

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1772-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Chang Kang ◽  
Min Wook Kim ◽  
Kwang Ryul Kim ◽  
Kwang Ho Kim ◽  
Sung Yuen Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Adhesion Property

scholarly journals Analysis of influencing factors for the dressing process in double side face grinding

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckart Uhlmann ◽  
Linus Lichtschlag
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Principal Influence ◽  
Side Face ◽  
Face Grinding ◽  
Wear Condition

AbstractIn grinding, the design of the dressing process is an essential part of work preparation and restoration of the grinding wheel’s profile and cutting ability. In contrast to most grinding processes, the choice of dressing parameters in double face grinding with planetary kinematics has so far only been experience-based. As a consequence, the dressing process causes a higher degree of tool wear than the machining of the workpieces. A focused design of the dressing process based on a scientific data could help to improve the ecological and the economic efficiency by reducing tool wear and the amount of dressing tools used. In this paper, methods for determining the wear condition and the result of the dressing process, including macro- and microscopic characteristic are presented. This includes a correlation analysis between parameters of wear characteristics and workpiece surface quality. Furthermore, technological investigations are carried out in order to systematically limit the main influencing factors on the dressing process. As a result, the parameters dresser grain size dgd, rotational speed ratio nld and the machined dresser height ∆hd are identified as significant for dressing. The knowledge about their principal influence on the dressing result could provide the basis for further research.

The Effect of Grain Size and Cobalt Content on the Wear of Ultrafine Cemented Carbide Tools

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 1344-1351
Author(s):  
Jian Bing Cheng ◽  
Si Qin Pang ◽  
Xi Bin Wang ◽  
Xi Bin Wang ◽  
Chen Guang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Wear Mechanism ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
High Strength Steels ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Cemented Carbide Tools ◽  
Cutting Speeds

This work contributes to a better understanding of wear mechanisms of ultrafine cemented carbide cutting tools used in turning operation of superalloy and high strength steels at high cutting speeds. The main objective of this work is to verify the influence of grain size and the cobalt content of ultrafine cemented carbide tools on tool life and tool wear mechanism. The main conclusions are that grain size and the cobalt content of ultrafine cemented carbide tools strongly influence tool life and tool wear involve different mechanisms. The wear mechanisms of different grain size and the cobalt content of ultrafine cemented carbide tools observed on the rake face at these conditions were adhesion and notch, at the end of tool life, adhesion was the main wear mechanism at higher cutting speeds.

STABILIZATION OF QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF GRINDING OF EXTENDED CYLINDRICAL SURFACES OF SHAFTS WITH PETAL CIRCLES

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
С.Г. Бишутин ◽  
И.Л. Шупиков
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Abrasive Tool ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Over Time

Статья посвящена проблеме стабилизации показателей лепесткового шлифования протяженных цилиндрических заготовок для исключения влияния изнашивания инструмента на качество и производительность данной обработки. Представлены результаты исследований влияния изнашивания абразивного инструмента на процессы съема металла и формирования шероховатости обрабатываемой поверхности при лепестковом шлифовании. Более интенсивно изнашиваются круги большей зернистости, причем стойкость инструментов зернистостью 12…20 (ГОСТ 3647- 80 (в ред. 1995 г.)) в 2…3 раза выше кругов зернистостью 40…50 и составляет 5...10 минут. Приведены данные по стойкости лепестковых шлифовальных кругов с учетом основных факторов процесса обработки. Установлено, что скорость съема металла при шлифовании неизношенными лепестковыми кругами зернистостью от 12 до 40 составляет 130...270 мм/мин, параметр шероховатости Ra находится в пределах от 0,4 до 3,0 мкм, Sm - от 0,08 до 0,20 мм. Значения параметров шероховатости обрабатываемой поверхности вследствие изнашивания инструмента возрастают до 2-3 раз, а скорость съема материала с течением времени непрерывно уменьшается и может стать равной нулю. Предлагается стабилизировать показатели лепесткового шлифования путем непрерывного или периодического увеличения деформации (натяга) инструмента в процессе абразивной обработки, что позволит поддерживать на необходимом уровне требуемое число режущих зерен The article is devoted to the problem of stabilization of indices of petal grinding of extended cylindrical billets in order to exclude the effect of tool wear on the quality and productivity of this treatment. We present the results of studies of influence of abrasive tool wear on processes of metal removal and formation of roughness of treated surface during petal grinding. Circles of greater grain wear more intensively, and the resistance of instruments with grain 12... 20 (GOST 3647- 80 (ed. 1995)) is 2...3 times higher than circles with grain 40...50 and is 5...10 minutes. We give the data on resistance of blade grinding wheels taking into account the main factors of the processing process. We found that the rate of metal removal when grinding with unworn petal circles with grain size from 12 to 40 is 130...270 mm/min, the roughness parameter Ra can vary in the range from 0.4 to 3.0 μm, Sm - from 0.08 to 0.20 mm. The values of the roughness parameters of the treated surface due to wear of the tool increase by 2-3 times, and the rate of material removal over time continuously decreases and can become zero. We proposed to stabilize the indicators of petal grinding by continuous or periodic increase of deformation of the tool during abrasive processing, which will allow one to maintain the required number of cutting grains at the required level

scholarly journals Surface Finishing of Zirconium Dioxide with Abrasive Brushing Tools

Machines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Eckart Uhlmann ◽  
Anton Hoyer
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Zirconium Dioxide ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Surface Improvement

Brushing with bonded abrasives is a finishing process which can be used for the surface improvement of various materials. Since the machining mechanisms of abrasive brushing processes are still largely unknown and little predating research was done on brushing ceramic workpieces, within the scope of this work technological investigations were carried out on planar workpieces of MgO-PSZ (zirconium dioxide, ZrO2) using brushing tools with bonded grains of polycrystalline diamond. The primary goal was the reduction of grinding-related surface defects under the preservation of surface roughness valleys and workpiece form. Based on microscopy and topography measurements, the grain size sg and the brushing velocity vb were found to have a considerable influence on the processing result. Furthermore, excessive tool wear was observed while brushing ceramics.

scholarly journals Influence of Constructional and Kinematic Parameters of the New Solution of Roadheader Mining Head on the Effectiveness of its Work

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Kotwica ◽  
Paweł Sienkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Hard Rock ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Kinematic Parameters ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Disk Tool ◽  
Hard Rock Mining ◽  
Rock Mining ◽  
Complex Trajectory

Abstract The paper presents a new solution of a mining head for roadheader designed for hard and very hard rock mining. The mining head was equipped with mini disk tools with a complex trajectory. The results of field tests were presented, under which the effectiveness of the new mining head solution was observed. The load and vibrations of the mining head, dustiness and grain size of the excavated material as well as disk tool wear were measured. These tests were carried out for various constructional and material parameters of the used asymmetrical mini disk tools and kinematic parameters of the mining head.

Effects of Cu Addition on Microstructure and Adhesion Properties of Ti-Al-N Nanocomposite Films Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 1751-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Jie Feng ◽  
Xian Hu ◽  
Yuan Fei Jiang ◽  
Qing Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Adhesion Property ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Dc Magnetron Sputtering ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Scratch Tests

Ti-Al-Cu-N films with different Cu contents were synthesized on 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV stainless steel by DC magnetron sputtering. The microstructure, composition, microhardness and adhesion properties of the films were characterized by SEM/EDS, XRD, microhardness and scratch tests. The results show that a reduction of the grain size and an increase of hardness in Ti-Al-N films doped with1.04at% Cu were detected. Further increase the Cu content in the Ti-Al-N film, the grain size increases and become irregular, and the microhardness decreases. The adhesion property of Ti-Al-Cu-N films increased slightly comparing with Ti-Al-N film. The effects of Cu contents on the microstructure and adhesion properties of the Ti-Al-N films were discussed

Effect of Co Content and WC Grain Size on Wear Resistance of Micro Carbide Endmills in High Speed Milling of Graphite

2009 ◽  
Vol 407-408 ◽  
pp. 604-607
Author(s):  
Li Zhou ◽  
Cheng Yong Wang ◽  
Yu Zhong Li ◽  
Zhe Qin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Abrasive Resistance ◽  
High Speed Milling ◽  
Fine Grained

Micro carbide endmills suffer severe abrasive friction and impact wear in high speed milling of graphite. This paper focused on the study of the effect of Co content and WC grain size on the tool wear resistance of micro carbide endmills in high speed milling of graphite. The tool wear morphologies of cutting tools were examined at the initial wear stage and severe wear stage. The results showed that the abrasive resistance of micro carbide endmill increased with the decrease of Co content and WC grain size. The best impact resistance can be obtained with medium Co content and smaller WC grain size. The fine-grained carbide 0.2WC-8%Co is considered as the optimum tool material for high speed milling of graphite.

Microstructure Alteration in the High-Speed Machining of Titanium Alloy Involved With Tool Wear and Cryogenic Condition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Xueping Zhang ◽  
Rajiv Shivpuri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Speed Machining ◽  
Phase Volume ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Phase Volume Fraction

Abstract The microstructure alteration generated in the high-speed machining of titanium alloy has significant influence on the performance, quality and service life of production. The prediction of grain size or phase distribution based on physics mechanism or the regression of experimental data have been reported in the process of static or quasi-static state. However, it is still a challenge to predict the phase transformation and grain growth process in machining accurately and effectively since it has characteristics of high strain, strain rate and temperature. In this paper, a novel FEM-based model involving with the microstructure alteration was introduced and implemented to predict finial grain size or phase result in the high-speed machining of Ti-6Al-4V alloys especially at the machined surface. The phase transformation process was proposed and discussed by considering tool wear and cryogenic condition at machined surface, while the microstructure results were displayed on the chip in the previous works. Firstly, the phase volume fraction and grain size were modelled by experimental data. Then the simulation based on the self-consistent method (SCM) was used to output strain and temperature distribution. Thirdly, the phase volume fraction and grain size expressions were transmitted into subroutine programs and the microstructure alteration process under the different cutting conditions were showed in the FE results. The simulation results of temperature, phase fraction and strain were compared against previous simulation or experiment results in published papers revealing good agreement. The proposed model was further to investigate the influence of tool wear and cutting temperature on machined surface. The results indicated that the tool wear increased heat at the flank face significantly resulting to β phase increasing and grain growth at machined surface and the cryogenic condition would lower temperature gradient as well as stress gradient contributing to reduce roughness and residual stress.

WC/Co Tool Wear in Dry Turning of Commercially Pure Aluminium

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Wang ◽  
Patrick Y. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Pure Aluminium ◽  
Dry Turning ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Commercially Pure ◽  
Flank Surface

Dry turning of commercially pure aluminum was performed with carbide inserts to generate tool wear. Thus, the wear on the carbides tools were generated by purely interacting with aluminum and without any abrasive, which would be the baseline wear for all aluminum alloys. The flank wear was the main mode, which increased with the cutting speed and decreased as the grain size of the carbides increases. Two types of tool wear pattern have been observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM): (1) the cavities left from the carbide grains which were dislodged by the adhered layer of the work material and (2) the abrasion on the flank surface caused by the dislodged carbide grains. The width of the scoring marks was correlated with the carbide grain size, which corroborates the abrasion by the dislodged carbide grains from the carbide tool. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed that the concentration of the cobalt binder was reduced on the worn area of the insert. The preferential wear of the cobalt binder is believed to facilitate the carbide grain pull-out. Therefore, the wear mechanism in turning pure aluminum is a combination of adhesion and abrasion.

An Analysis of the Wear of Tungsten Carbide and Polycrystalline Diamond Inserts Turning Ti-6Al-4V

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Schrock ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Patrick Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Polycrystalline Diamond ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Crater Wear ◽  
Pcd Tools ◽  
Face Temperature

Dry turning experiments on Ti-6Al-4V were conducted using two grades (finer and coarser) of carbides and polycrystalline diamond (PCD) inserts to study tool wear. Despite of minor compositional difference between two carbide grades, both grades contain 6% Co. Crater wear and flank wear were measured using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). Three dimensional rake surface topographies were reconstructed from the CLSM data and wear profiles were extracted. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted to study the effects of cutting conditions and thermal properties on rake face temperature. Flank wear on the carbide tools indicated that the inserts with the finer grain size exhibited smaller flank wear than the insert of the coarser grain size. This was attributed to reduced abrasive wear in the finer grained inserts as a result of a higher hardness. The carbide grade with a coarser grain size had an enhanced ability to resist crater wear, likely from lower rake face temperatures and the differences in the compositions. It is known that coarser grain carbides have a higher thermal conductivity resulting from increased grain contiguity. FEA was used to study the temperature difference between the two grain-sizes and the effect of thermal conductivity on temperature gradients. Tool wear of the PCD inserts was also studied. The PCD tools showed significant adhesive wear at the 200sfm cutting speed, transitioning to crater wear at 400sfm. With a high thermal conductivity, it is possible that rake face temperatures were low enough to alter the wear mechanism. FEA supports this hypothesis, as the maximum rake face temperature for the PCD inserts were only around 900°C at 200sfm.

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