scholarly journals CloudSat Observes a Labrador Sea Polar Low

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1229-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Forsythe ◽  
John M. Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Wide Band ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Radar Reflectivity ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Cloud Band ◽  
Polar Lows ◽  
Cloud Radar ◽  
Polar Low ◽  
First Time

Abstract Polar lows generate hazardous weather conditions in the Arctic, and satellites have played a key role in understanding their genesis and dynamics. For the first time, an overpass of the CloudSat 94-GHz cloud radar over a polar low has been recorded. The case occurred in November 2013 in the Labrador Sea between Canada and Greenland, and had a striking convective appearance with an eyelike feature. A deep cloud band was observed by the radar, with radar reflectivity up to 5-km in altitude in a 50-km-wide band. It is likely that more such matchups exist in the CloudSat mission data.

Polar Lows and Their Implications on Marine Operations: Survivability Criteria

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meric Pakkan ◽  
David Heng ◽  
Ove Tobias Gudmestad
Keyword(s):  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Return Periods ◽  
Polar Lows ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The North ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Polar Low

The oil resource potential in the Arctic/sub-Arctic regions is estimated to be as high as that 25% of the world’s yet-to-be-found. Nevertheless, operating in above-mentioned regions is more complicated and expensive than the ones in the North Sea. One of the most important aspects to consider in operating in these Arctic regions is the presence of polar lows and arctic fronts and storms. These extreme events and implications of them on the marine operations were the main focus of this study. While the maximum polar low-sourced wind speeds for 10-, 20- and 100-year return periods are estimated to be 55.37, 60.93 and 73.52 knots, the maximum polar low-sourced wave heights for 10-, 20- and 100-year return periods are calculated as 5.71, 6.66 and 8.82 meters, respectively. It is found out that polar lows weather conditions do not normally represent design values (survival conditions); however, they represent operational limitations. • We conclude that operations lasting longer than 72 hours shall be designed for a rougher weather than the polar lows lead to (survival mode). • For operations of duration less than 72 hours, the weather forecast is crucial and it must also be possible to abort the operation within a short period if one is close to a polar weather front as a polar low may appear very quickly.

Wind waves modeling in the polar law weather conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kuznetsova ◽  
Evgeny Poplavsky ◽  
Nikita Rusakov ◽  
Yuliya Troitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Wind Waves ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Polar Lows ◽  
Adverse Weather

<p>Arctic storms pose a great danger to developing commercial and passenger shipping, coastal infrastructure, and also for oil production from offshore platforms. This is primarily due to high waves and extreme winds. Such episodes of adverse weather conditions due to their rapid development are poorly predicted by modern models. For this purpose, the representation of the event of polar law is studied in the wave model WAVEWATCH III.</p><p>Wind waves were simulated under conditions of polar depression on ice-free water. To simulate wind waves under conditions of polar depression, the Barents Sea was selected, where, according to the data of [1, 2], a large number of polar hurricanes are observed. Among the identified polar hurricanes, for example, in [3], a hurricane that took place on 05.02.2009, observed at coordinates 69 N 40 E is chosen. The preliminary results in the wave model are obtained without the ice influence consideration. The developed model was configured using the CFSR wind reanalysis data. The resulting distribution of significant wave heights is obtained. Then, to consider the attenuation by sea ice, the reanalysis data of the Arctic System Reanalysis Version 2 (ASRv2), which is based on Polar WRF with a resolution of 15 km for the Arctic region, is used. Modeling the destruction of ice by waves during an intense arctic storm will be implemented using WW3 models with an IS2 module.</p><p>The work is supported by RFBR grant 18-05-60299.</p><ol><li>Smirnova, J. E., Golubkin, P. A., Bobylev, L. P., Zabolotskikh, E. V., & Chapron, B. (2015). Polar low climatology over the Nordic and Barents seas based on satellite passive microwave data. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(13), 5603-5609.</li> <li>Smirnova, J., & Golubkin, P. (2017). Comparing polar lows in atmospheric reanalyses: Arctic System Reanalysis versus ERA-Interim. Monthly Weather Review, 145(6), 2375-2383.</li> <li>Noer, G., & Lien, T. (2010). Dates and Positions of Polar lows over the Nordic Seas between 2000 and 2010. Norwegian Meteorological Institute Rep.</li> </ol>

On Maintainability of Winterised Plants Operating in Arctic Regions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Naseri
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Polar Low ◽  
Maintainability Analysis ◽  
Operation Risk ◽  
The Impact

In Arctic regions, oil and gas (O&G) operations are adversely affected by harsh weather conditions and severe meteorological phenomena such as icing storms and, in certain regions, polar low pressures. Potential solutions, such as implementing winterisation concepts, are explored in the design and even operation phases in order to overcome such obstacles. Simply, the main aim of winterisation is to provide the crew and equipment units with a range of normal environmental and working conditions through, for instance, insulating equipment units, installing heat tracers, enclosing working areas, providing the crew with adequate clothing, etc. There are, however, some concerns about the efficiency of such winterisation measures and potential changes in operation risk level, of which the changes in plant downtime, production loss, and plant maintainability are the focus of present study. The issue of complex effects of winterisation measures on maintainability analysis of O&G plants operating in the Arctic offshore has gained little attention in the literature. In this study, different aspects of winterisation from the viewpoint of equipment maintainability are discussed. Further, a mathematical framework for maintainability analysis of equipment units subjected to winterisation measures is proposed. The impact of winterisation-related downtimes on plant downtime is analysed as well by employing a Monte Carlo system simulation technique. The application of the proposed framework is illustrated by a case study. The results are further compared with those for a non-winterised system designed for normal-climate regions.

scholarly journals A Modeling Study of the Initial Formation of Polar Lows in the Vicinity of the Arctic Front

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Mingalev ◽  
Konstantin Orlov ◽  
Victor Mingalev
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Height Range ◽  
Limited Region ◽  
Polar Lows ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Polar Low ◽  
Arctic Front

A regional mathematical model of the wind system of the lower atmosphere, developed recently in the Polar Geophysical Institute, is applied to investigate the initial stage of the formation of polar lows at latitudes of the European Arctic. The mathematical model is based on numerical solving of nonsimplified gas dynamic equations and produces three-dimensional distributions of the atmospheric parameters in the height range from 0 to 15 km over a limited region of the Earth’s surface. Simulation results indicated that the origin of a convexity in the configuration of the arctic front can lead to the formation of a polar low during the period of about one day.

scholarly journals CloudSat as a Global Radar Calibrator

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Protat ◽  
D. Bouniol ◽  
E. J. O’Connor ◽  
H. Klein Baltink ◽  
J. Verlinde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radar Data ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Atmospheric Radiation ◽  
Cloud Radar ◽  
Internal Link ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ◽  
Radar Measurements ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
First Time

Abstract The calibration of the CloudSat spaceborne cloud radar has been thoroughly assessed using very accurate internal link budgets before launch, comparisons with predicted ocean surface backscatter at 94 GHz, direct comparisons with airborne cloud radars, and statistical comparisons with ground-based cloud radars at different locations of the world. It is believed that the calibration of CloudSat is accurate to within 0.5–1 dB. In the present paper it is shown that an approach similar to that used for the statistical comparisons with ground-based radars can now be adopted the other way around to calibrate other ground-based or airborne radars against CloudSat and/or to detect anomalies in long time series of ground-based radar measurements, provided that the calibration of CloudSat is followed up closely (which is the case). The power of using CloudSat as a global radar calibrator is demonstrated using the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement cloud radar data taken at Barrow, Alaska, the cloud radar data from the Cabauw site, Netherlands, and airborne Doppler cloud radar measurements taken along the CloudSat track in the Arctic by the Radar System Airborne (RASTA) cloud radar installed in the French ATR-42 aircraft for the first time. It is found that the Barrow radar data in 2008 are calibrated too high by 9.8 dB, while the Cabauw radar data in 2008 are calibrated too low by 8.0 dB. The calibration of the RASTA airborne cloud radar using direct comparisons with CloudSat agrees well with the expected gains and losses resulting from the change in configuration that required verification of the RASTA calibration.

Methods of modeling the polar low development 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Kuznetsova ◽  
Alexander Dosaev ◽  
Nikita Rusakov ◽  
Evgeny Poplavsky ◽  
Yuliya Troitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Lows ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Polar Low

<p>The ice cover decrease in the Arctic in the past decade has led to polar hurricanes (polar lows) occurring along the entire Northern Sea Route. Wind speeds of these hurricanes reach 35-40 m / s. Over the past 20 years, significant progress in predicting storm trajectories has been achieved, while the quality of forecasting their intensity is still poor. This is due to the fact that the intensity (maximum wind speed and minimum pressure) is determined by the interaction of the atmosphere and the ocean, and at high wind speeds it has significant uncertainty, especially for the smallest-scale processes: splashes, wave collapses and foam bubbles [1].</p><p>Numerical modeling of the polar low development was carried out within the framework of the WRF model [2] in order to develop methods for modeling such extreme events. The water area of the Barents Sea was considered, where a large number of polar hurricanes were observed. Among the identified polar hurricanes [3], a hurricane that took place on 02/05/2009 and was observed at coordinates 69º N, 40º E was chosen. Several approaches were considered to simulate the weather conditions in the studied area of the Barents Sea in the presence of a polar hurricane. The WRF model simulation with the CFSR reanalysis was carried out. The configuration of the model consisted in using, first, the well-proven technique of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) modeling of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Secondly, the simulation was performed using the WRF add-in for the polar region, Polar WRF [4]. The comparison of the approaches is made. The mechanism of intensification of the atmospheric vortex is considered whether it is baroclinic shear, heat fluxes on the surface or outcome of latent heat during condensation.</p><p>This work was supported by a RFBR grant № 18-05-60299.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>1. Troitskaya, Yu, et al. "Bag-breakup fragmentation as the dominant mechanism of sea-spray production in high winds." Scientific reports7.1 (2017): 1-4.<br>2. A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3 / W. C. Skamarock, J. B. Klemp, J. Dudhia, D. O. Gill, D. M. Barker, M. G. Duda, X.-Y. Huang, W. Wang, J. G. Powers // NCAR TECHNICAL NOTE. - 2008. - №NCAR/TN–475+STR. - С. 113 pp.<br>3. Noer, G., & Lien, T. (2010). Dates and Positions of Polar lows over the Nordic Seas between 2000 and 2010. Norwegian Meteorological Institute Rep.<br>4. Hines, Keith M., et al. "Development and testing of Polar WRF. Part III: Arctic land." Journal of Climate24.1 (2011): 26-48.</p>

A Well-Ordered Thing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Gordin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Periodic Table ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Classic Work ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Dmitrii Mendeleev (1834–1907) is a name we recognize, but perhaps only as the creator of the periodic table of elements. Generally, little else has been known about him. This book is an authoritative biography of Mendeleev that draws a multifaceted portrait of his life for the first time. As the book reveals, Mendeleev was not only a luminary in the history of science, he was also an astonishingly wide-ranging political and cultural figure. From his attack on Spiritualism to his failed voyage to the Arctic and his near-mythical hot-air balloon trip, this is the story of an extraordinary maverick. The ideals that shaped his work outside science also led Mendeleev to order the elements and, eventually, to engineer one of the most fascinating scientific developments of the nineteenth century. This book is a classic work that tells the story of one of the world's most important minds.

Professional pathology in the production of aluminum in the Kola Arctic

2020 ◽  
pp. 767-767
Author(s):  
S. A. Syurin ◽  
S. A. Gorbanev
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Aluminium Production ◽  
First Time

In 2007-2017, 22 occupational diseases were diagnosed for the first time in 18 workers engaged in aluminium production in the Arctic. A marked decrease in occupational morbidity in 2010-2017 was found, which was not associated with changes in working conditions and therefore requires an appropriate scientific explanation.

POLAR LOW DETECTION USING SOLAB SIOWS ARCTIC PORTAL

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Mashtaler ◽  
Olga Mashtaler ◽  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Elizaveta Zabolotskikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Model Development ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Open Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Polar Lows ◽  
Statistical Regularities ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radars

The relevance of the polar lows (PLs) research is justified by their great destructive power and creation of threat to the safety of navigation in the high latitudes and along the Northern Sea Route. The most dangerous effects on maritime activities are strong winds, waves and icing. In addition, the study of the PLs acquires relevance due to the sharp decrease of the sea ice area in the Arctic in recent years and the emergence of areas of open water, suitable for the appearance and development of PLs. However, despite the importance of PLs, they are apparently not sufficiently studied. As there are no meteorological observations in the areas of their appearance, the main source of information about them are satellite observations. By using images on the SOLab SIOWS Arctic Portal from multiple satellites operating in the IR and visible ranges (e.g., MODIS and AVHRR), and using near-water wind fields from high resolution synthetic aperture radars (Sentine-1, ASAR) and low resolution scatterometers (ASCAT), we identify polar lows in various parts of the Arctic, revealing statistical regularities in the appearance of PLs, their distribution and intensity. Collected database of Pls and their characteristics will be used for further PLs forecasting model development.

scholarly journals Cloud icing by mineral dust and impacts to aviation safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Nickovic ◽  
Bojan Cvetkovic ◽  
Slavko Petković ◽  
Vassilis Amiridis ◽  
Goran Pejanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Aircraft Accidents ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
Cloud Ice ◽  
Convective Weather ◽  
First Time ◽  
Engine Power

AbstractIce particles in high-altitude cold clouds can obstruct aircraft functioning. Over the last 20 years, there have been more than 150 recorded cases with engine power-loss and damage caused by tiny cloud ice crystals, which are difficult to detect with aircraft radars. Herein, we examine two aircraft accidents for which icing linked to convective weather conditions has been officially reported as the most likely reason for catastrophic consequences. We analyze whether desert mineral dust, known to be very efficient ice nuclei and present along both aircraft routes, could further augment the icing process. Using numerical simulations performed by a coupled atmosphere-dust model with an included parameterization for ice nucleation triggered by dust aerosols, we show that the predicted ice particle number sharply increases at approximate locations and times of accidents where desert dust was brought by convective circulation to the upper troposphere. We propose a new icing parameter which, unlike existing icing indices, for the first time includes in its calculation the predicted dust concentration. This study opens up the opportunity to use integrated atmospheric-dust forecasts as warnings for ice formation enhanced by mineral dust presence.

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