Crime seriousness ratings: The relationship of information accuracy and general attitudes in Western Australia

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roderic Broadhurst ◽  
David Indermaur
Keyword(s):  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Moral Indignation ◽  
Crime Seriousness ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
The Media ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree

A sample 278 Western Australians completed questions asking them to suggest penalties for 27 “crime vignettes” based on a cross cultural study by Scott and Althakeb (1977). A moral indignation score (average number of days in gaol) was then calculated and compared to other factors such as information about Criminal Justice, general punitive or non-punitive attitude and demographic factors such as location, sex, age, marital status, education, political status, etc. Overall results showed considerable variance in response even with crimes defined as violent or very serious. The sample produced scores (averaged for all crimes) higher than for other comparable data. Non punitive and punitive groups were highly correlated with moral indignation. Information while statistically significant was not a useful predictor of moral indignation score. Assumed penalties also were not a useful predictor of attitude or moral indignation. On average, assumed penalties were approximately half the suggested penalty, and was independent of suggested sentences. The survey concludes noting the high degree of variance observed, except in those crimes defined victimless (eg suicide, prostitution, homosexuality, abortion) where suggested penalty was predominantly no penalty and emphasizing the role the media played in the development and formation of attitudes to crime. The study of criminology depends directly on the labelling and definition of certain behaviour as crime. This identification process is often assumed to reflect community attitudes to these behaviours and is the goal of moral indignation studies, Scott and Althakeb (1977); Wilson and Brown (1973); and crime seriousness rating studies, Sheley (1980); Sebba (1980); Walker (1978). Sheley (p 123) suggests that this field has become “a fairly important concern in the field of criminology” and that “as research into the deterrence of crime Erickson (et al (1977)): Silberman (1976): and moral commitment to societal norms (Hirschi (1969) increases, the use of crime seriousness ratings will also increase”. Also as Sebba writes “since the publication of Sellin and Wolfgang's ”The Measurement of Delinquency“ (1964) much scholarship has been devoted to the topic of seriousness scales”. Some of the studies have emphasized the validity and reliability of the scales while others have raised doubts about their methodology and usefulness, Walker (1971).

scholarly journals The degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghors District: مدى ممارسة طلبة الصفوف الثلاثة الأولى من المرحلة الأساسية للقيم الأخلاقية من وجهة نظر معلماتهم في لواء الأغوار الجنوبية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Eisa Salmeh Al-Khleifat, Ali Salmeh Daowd Al-khleifat
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
Islamic Religion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed at identifying the degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor District، as well as، the relationship of that with some variables. The researchers developed the study tool that consisted of، ( 27 ) items divided into three domains; the validity and reliability of the study tool were verified. The study sample consisted of (50) female teachers from those who teach the first three basic grades. The study results showed that، the degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor، District، was high. The domain relating to (the relationship between the pupil and the teaching staff) was in the first place، followed by (the relationship between the pupil and his teacher)، and finally (the relationship between the pupil and his peers). The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences at ( α≤ 0.05 )، regarding the degree at which the first three basic grades pupils practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor District attributed to the variables of the years of experience as well as educational qualification. In the light of the results، the study recommended that، the students should practice the ethical values in a high degree with their peers by educating the pupils regarding the brotherhood in our Islamic religion as well as practicing these behaviors in front of the students to reinforce them. The study also recommended about conducting a study that reveals the degree at which the secondary stage students practice the ethical values from the point of view of their teachers in the Southern Ghor District.

scholarly journals PRACTINCING DEGREE OF FIRST CYCLE HEAD MASTRES IN NORTH AL BATINAH GOVERNORATE IN SALTANATE OF OMAN OF THEIR ROLES IN ACTIVATING PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOL AND FAMILY

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (06) ◽  
pp. 41-61
Author(s):  
Mohammed SALEH ALAJMI ◽  
Fatema Ali Salim ALMAQBALI
Keyword(s):  
School Principals ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Media ◽  
Degree Of Participation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Guardian

The target of this study is to identify the degree to which school principals in the first cycle of the North Al Batinah governorate in Sultanate of Oman practiced their roles in implementing the partnership between the school and student families, and whether there were statistically significant differences between the averages of the chosen sample participants in this subject in Oman and weather if there is a major role played by the amount of experience of each individual. The study sample consisted of 244 female teachers from the first field in the North Al Batinah governorate in Oman, who constituted 17.2% from the total 1422 female teachers. A questionnaire consisting of 30 items was used, divided into 3 sections (cultural field, educational field, and the social field). In order to ensure the validity and reliability of the tool, it was applied to 30 teachers outside the sample under study, as the percentage of stability was according to the Cronbach Alpha coefficient .976 At the end and after analyzing the data, the partnership between the school and the family showed a high degree of partnership commitment, with an average of 4.19. The results indicated statistically there was no significant differences between the averages of the sample members for the degree of participation of school principals in North Al Batinah in Sultanate of Oman partnership between the school and the family which was due to the years of experience of the individuals. The study recommended the necessity of adopting a program to exchange visits between the principals of the first cycle schools and their counterparts in the rest of the educational governorates in order to benefit from their high experience in activating the partnership between the school and the students families, it also recommended that the media should play a role in broadcasting and publishing some programs that enhances the culture of partnership between the school and the families, and to also include a special field for activating the partnership between the school and the family in the school’s annual plan and programs. In addition, it also recommended creating an electronic educational platforms for students to help the guardian to follow up on all what is presented to the student, so that the principals are able to face and keep pace with any upcoming new challenges ‎.

scholarly journals THE SPECIFICITY OF INTERACTION OF JOURNALISTS WITH THE PUBLIC IN COVERAGE OF PUBLIC EVENTS ON SOCIAL TOPICS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Zinenko
Keyword(s):  
Mass Communication ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Complex Object ◽  
Public Events ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
The Media ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of

Consideration of aspects of the functioning of mass media in society requires a comprehensive approach based on universal media theory. The article presents an attempt to consider public events in terms of a functional approach to understanding the media, proposed by media theorist Dennis McQuayl in the theory of mass communication. Public events are analyzed, on the one hand, as a complex object of journalistic reflection and, on the other hand, as a situational media that examines the relationship of agents of the social and media fields in the space of communication interaction. Taking into account philosophical approaches to the interpretation of the concept of event, considering its semantic spectrum, specificity of use and synonyms in the Ukrainian language, a working definition of the concept of public event is given. Based on case-analysis of public events, In accordance with the functions of the media the functions of public events are outlined. This is is promising for the development of study on typology of public events in the context of mass communication theory. The realization of the functions of public events as situational media is illustrated with such vivid examples of cultural events as «Gogolfest» and «Book Forum in Lviv». The author shows that a functional approach to understanding public events in society and their place in the space of mass communication, opens prospects for studying the role of media in reflecting the phenomena of social reality, clarifying the presence and quality of communication between media producers and media consumers.

scholarly journals ‘Alexa, Adv(ert)ise us!’

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 19-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Haas ◽  
Anna Keller
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
New Media ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The World ◽  
The Media ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Advertising Literacy ◽  
High Degree

Digital assistants increasingly infiltrate the world of children. The way they function reminds us somewhat of playmates, nannies and tutors. So far, educators have only marginally dealt with this new media phenomenon, yet the use of smart speakers by young people offers many opportunities as well as challenges. These are elaborated in this article and classified in terms of media education. Firstly, we will address a definition of smart speakers and digital speech assistants, and then examine their use by means of usage data. We will then concentrate on examining the extent to which these smart technologies play a role in the environments of young people. What forms of advertising are there? What data do digital assistants collect? And finally, how can parents, educators and companies ensure that smart technologies are used in a child-friendly manner that complies with data protection regulations? Our aim is to nudge the phenomenon of smart speakers and speech assistants into the media-pedagogical focus. Dealing with the specific characteristics of smart speakers requires a high degree of (child) user competence. As we will show in the conclusion, there are further pedagogically beneficial approaches from the point of view of promoting advertising literacy.

scholarly journals State of Climate Law∵The Third Pillar of International Climate Change Law: Explaining ‘Loss and Damage’ after the Paris Agreement

Climate Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Broberg
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

With the 2015 Paris Agreement, ‘loss and damage’ (L&D) was introduced into the unfccc treaty framework as a new, third substantive area of climate change law. Both before and after its adoption, this new area has been subject to much contention—and this is reflected in a high degree of uncertainty surrounding its interpretation. This article examines the definition of L&D and the types of impact covered by the notion. It also examines the relationship of L&D with mitigation and adaptation, as well as the instruments that are covered by it. Finally, the article considers the controversial issue of who can invoke L&D—and against whom.

Deictic Representations of Person in Media Discourse

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azad Mammadov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Reflexive Pronouns ◽  
American Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Newspaper Articles

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the deictic representations of person in the British and American media discourse, mostly focusing on such genres and subgenres as newspaper articles, interviews, letters to editors, opinions, headlines and advertisements. For this purpose, we wish to introduce a theoretical framework for the study and then we hope to present certain ways in which deictic expressions (personal, possessive and reflexive pronouns) represent person. Theoretical framework for our study is based upon the socio-cognitive approach, which gives priority to individual practices and subjectivity over social practices in discourse as well as the definition of discourse based on knowledge. The reason why we focus on the media discourse is obvious. The high degree of personalized conceptualization and contextualization dominated by a large number of subjective factors prevail in the above-mentioned genres and subgenres of media discourse. The deictic representations of person play the key role in this process.

scholarly journals Reading Weakness Factors Among the Three Basic Grades Pupils from South Ghours District Female Teachers Point of View: أسباب الضعف القرائي لدى طلاب الصفوف الثلاثة الأولى من وجهة نظر المعلمات في لواء الأغوار الجنوبية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Salmeh Daowd Al-khleifat,  Anwar Eisa Salmeh Al-Khleifat
Keyword(s):  
Basic Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Educational Qualification ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Female Teachers ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Educational Supervisor ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree

This study aimed at identifying the reasons for the low level of the first three basic grades pupils in the basic skills of reading from the point of view of the female teachers in the Southern Ghor District as well as the relationship of that with some variables. The researchers developed the study tool that consisted of (37) items distributed to four domains; the validity and reliability of the study tool were verified. The study sample consisted of (44) female teachers from those who teach the first three basic grades using the analytical descriptive method. The study results showed that the estimations of the teachers regarding the reasons for the low level of the first three basic grades pupils in the basic skills of reading in the Southern Ghor District were of a high degree. The reasons relating to the family were in the first place, followed by the reasons relating to the educational environment, then the reasons relating to the pupils and finally, the reasons relating to the teacher. The results showed that there are no statistically significant differences at (α≤ 0.05), regarding the teachers’ estimations for the reasons of the low level of the first three basic grades pupils in the basic skills of reading in the Southern Ghor District, attributed to the years of experience as well as educational qualification. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences regarding the educational setting in favour of the educational qualification of the bachelor degree. In the light of the results, the study recommended about holding training courses for the teachers of the first three basic grades in order to give them training regarding the methods of dealing with this weakness in the reading skills among the students. The study also recommended about the necessity of activating the role of the educational supervisor in attending many classes in order to identify the real reasons for of the low level for the skills of reading among the students and dealing with that.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

Light and Sensitivity: Love in the Time of the Daguerreotype

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czeczot
Keyword(s):  
Male Gaze ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Passive Object

The article deals with the love of Zygmunt Krasiński to Delfina Potocka. The point of departure is the poet's definition of love as looking and reads Krasiński's relationship with his beloved in the context of two phenomena that fascinated him at the time: daguerreotype and magnetism. The invention of the daguerreotype in which the history of photography and spiritism comes together becomes a pretext for the formulation of a new concept of love and the loving subject. In the era of painting the woman was treated as a passive object of the male gaze; photography reverses this scheme of power. Love ceases to be a static relationship of the subject in love and the passive object – the beloved. The philosophy of developing photographs (and invoking phantoms) allows Krasiński - the writing subject to become like a light-sensitive material that reveals the image of the beloved.

Australian and New Zealand Biosolids Partnership: Collaboration for more effective biosolids management

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Speers ◽  
Allen Gale ◽  
Nancy Penney
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Community Consultation ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sustainability Framework

This paper describes an international biosolids management initiative, known as the Australian and New Zealand Biosolids Partnership (ANZBP). The ANZBP - known formerly as the Australasian Biosolids Partnership – comprises 33 members dedicated to promoting the sustainable management of biosolids across the two nations. Two critical research projects are described, each of which contributes to the ANZBP goal of promoting the sustainable management of biosolids. The first is a review of community attitudes to biosolids management, the outcomes of which will be used to refine communication tools and methods of community consultation and which will provide input to policy development over time. The second is a review of regulations in place in Australia and New Zealand carried out to identify inconsistencies and improvements that could be made. An outcome of this initiative is potentially the development of a best practice manual. The relationship of the two projects to a sustainability framework adopted by the ANZBP is also described, as is the relationship of the two projects to each other.

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