Barking Up the Wrong Tree: How Political Alignment Shapes Electoral Backlash from Natural Disasters

2020 ◽  
pp. 001041402097021
Author(s):  
Brian Blankenship ◽  
Ryan Kennedy ◽  
Johannes Urpelainen ◽  
Joonseok Yang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Retrospective Voting ◽  
Chief Minister ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The Government ◽  
Voting Decisions ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Political Alignment

While scholarship on “retrospective voting” has found that incumbent politicians can be punished for a range of events outside their control, the literature has paid scant attention to the role of political alignment between the different levels of government in disaster responses and its implications for voting decisions. We argue that retrospective voters punish only opposition incumbents (candidates in office but not aligned with the government leader), who have limited access to government resources for relief, for natural disasters. We use monthly data on precipitation and evaporation to capture droughts and floods in India’s four thousand State Assembly electoral constituencies over the years 1977–2007. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that Members of State Assembly from the party of the Prime or Chief Minister do not face an electoral backlash under bad weather conditions during the monsoon season, whereas opposition politicians face major losses.

scholarly journals SUMMARY OF NATURAL DISASTER RESPONSES BY THE ADVANCED LAND OBSERVING SATELLITE-2 (ALOS-2)

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W7 ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tadono ◽  
M. Ohki ◽  
T. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Array Type ◽  
Microwave Radar ◽  
Typical Data ◽  
Disaster Monitoring ◽  
Operational Phase ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Area Monitoring

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) was launched on May 24, 2014, and it is operating very well in space more than 4.5 years. The designed mission life is five years as nominal operational phase and the target is over seven years since launch the satellite. The mission objectives of ALOS-2 are 1) disaster monitoring, 2) national land and infrastructure information, 3) cultivated area monitoring, and 4) global forest monitoring. To achieve the objectives, ALOS-2 carries on the Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2), which is an active microwave radar using the 1.2 GHz frequency band and observes in day and night times even in bad weather conditions as successor PALSAR instrument onboard ALOS satellite operated from 2006 to 2011. PALSAR-2 instrument has several enhanced features from PALSAR e.g. finer spatial resolution, spotlight observing mode, dual-polarisation ScanSAR. This paper summarises an introduction of typical data analysis results for monitoring natural disasters by ALOS-2 during the operational phase. As the response natural disasters, more than 400 times of the emergency observations have been conducted to identify damages caused by volcanic activities, earthquakes, flooding etc. happened in Japan and the World.</p>

scholarly journals Importance of agrarian insurance market development for the national economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Olga Slobodianiuk ◽  
Tetyana Lositska ◽  
Ryszard Pukała
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Fair Competition ◽  
The Government ◽  
Further Development

Introduction. The state and its agricultural support programs provide assistance to the victims, but this is not in line with world practice. Minimization of losses, which is formed at the expense of the reserve fund of the state budget, is based on outdated methods of the post-Soviet era. The emergence of a new number of subjects of the market of agro-insurance of all forms of ownership also does not have enough lifting for its development and covering losses from unforeseen weather conditions. The threat of bankruptcy, fierce competition, prompts entrepreneurs to apply new market-based methods for reimbursing potential costs and doing business. Thus, insurance of agricultural products and their further development will lead to the solution of the current urgent problem of agro companies to cover losses from unforeseen natural disasters and natural disasters, and will provide the reliability, solvency and financial independence of each company in this business. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the article is to consider the theoretical foundations for the development of the insurance market of agri-insurance and its importance. Results. The agri-insurance market plays an important role in the national economy of the Ukrainian state, and therefore needs further development, increased attention from both the state and the scientists of the insurance industry. Without agrarian insurance, the Ukrainian agricultural sector is not possible, because every year losses from weather conditions are occurring, which leads to a shortage of gross crops and significant losses.The article reveals the basic concepts of agri-insurance. Conducted competitive competitive analysis and statistical survey of agri-insurance market in recent years. The ways of development of the market of agrarian insurance are offered. Conclusions. The national agro-insurance market is slowly developing, although more and more agricultural enterprises trust insurers. Competition in the insurance market provides fair competition among them in order to receive new customers, but not enough to generate more profits and development in general. The analysis of key indicators of the market shows that there is development, but it is insignificant, therefore, it is necessary to take measures on the basis of foreign experience and to submit proposals for further development. Such proposals may include: strengthening system support from the Government of the country and improving its regulation, developing new insurance products, which will increase competition among insurance companies, increase index insurance, and so on. Thus, the introduction, based on world practice, of new approaches to the development of agrarian insurance, will provide Ukrainian farmers with opportunities to prevent financial losses in the event of unforeseen events.

PENERAPAN ALGORITMA K-MEANS UNTUK PENGELOMPOKAN DAERAH RAWAN BENCANA DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Amril Mutoi Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Central Java ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Disaster Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Almost All

Indonesia is a country located in the equator, which has beautiful natural. It has a mountainous constellation, beaches and wider oceans than land, so that Indonesia has extraordinary natural beauty assets compared to other countries. Behind the beauty of natural it turns out that it has many potential natural disasters in almost all provinces in Indonesia, in the form of landslides, earthquakes, tsunamis, Mount Meletus and others. The problem is that the government must have accurate data to deal with disasters throughout the province, where disaster data can be in categories or groups of regions into very vulnerable, medium, and low disaster areas. It is often found when a disaster occurs, many found that the distribution of long-term assistance because the stock for disaster-prone areas is not well available. In the study, it will be proposed to group disaster-prone areas throughout the province in Indonesia using the k-means algorithm. The expected results can group all regions that are very prone to disasters. Thus, the results can be Province West java, central java very vulnerable categories, provinces Aceh, North Sumatera, West Sumatera, east Java and North Sulawesi in the medium category, provinces Bengkulu, Lampung, Riau Island, Babel, DIY, Bali, West Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, Central Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, Maluku, North Maluku, Papua, west Papua including of rare categories. With the results obtained in this study, the government can map disaster-prone areas as well as prepare emergency response assistance quickly. In order to reduce the death toll and it is important to improve the services of disaster victims. With accurate data can provide prompt and appropriate assistance for victims of natural disasters.

CNN-based Rain Reduction in Street View Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Simone Zini ◽  
Simone Bianco ◽  
Raimondo Schettini
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Street View ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Detection And Recognition

Rain removal from pictures taken under bad weather conditions is a challenging task that aims to improve the overall quality and visibility of a scene. The enhanced images usually constitute the input for subsequent Computer Vision tasks such as detection and classification. In this paper, we present a Convolutional Neural Network, based on the Pix2Pix model, for rain streaks removal from images, with specific interest in evaluating the results of the processing operation with respect to the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) task. In particular, we present a way to generate a rainy version of the Street View Text Dataset (R-SVTD) for "text detection and recognition" evaluation in bad weather conditions. Experimental results on this dataset show that our model is able to outperform the state of the art in terms of two commonly used image quality metrics, and that it is capable to improve the performances of an OCR model to detect and recognise text in the wild.

Potential Impacts of Extreme Heat and Bushfires on Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 969-978
Author(s):  
Taya L. Farugia ◽  
Carla Cuni-Lopez ◽  
Anthony R. White
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia

Australia often experiences natural disasters and extreme weather conditions such as: flooding, sandstorms, heatwaves, and bushfires (also known as wildfires or forest fires). The proportion of the Australian population aged 65 years and over is increasing, alongside the severity and frequency of extreme weather conditions and natural disasters. Extreme heat can affect the entire population but particularly at the extremes of life, and patients with morbidities. Frequently identified as a vulnerable demographic in natural disasters, there is limited research on older adults and their capacity to deal with extreme heat and bushfires. There is a considerable amount of literature that suggests a significant association between mental disorders such as dementia, and increased vulnerability to extreme heat. The prevalence rate for dementia is estimated at 30%by age 85 years, but there has been limited research on the effects extreme heat and bushfires have on individuals living with dementia. This review explores the differential diagnosis of dementia, the Australian climate, and the potential impact Australia’s extreme heat and bushfires have on individuals from vulnerable communities including low socioeconomic status Indigenous and Non-Indigenous populations living with dementia, in both metropolitan and rural communities. Furthermore, we investigate possible prevention strategies and provide suggestions for future research on the topic of Australian bushfires and heatwaves and their impact on people living with dementia. This paper includes recommendations to ensure rural communities have access to appropriate support services, medical treatment, awareness, and information surrounding dementia.

scholarly journals Strategic retreat for resilient and equitable climate adaptation: the roles for conservation organizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mali‘o Kodis ◽  
Marci Bortman ◽  
Sarah Newkirk
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Policy Paper ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
Conservation Organizations

AbstractAs climate change accelerates the frequency and intensity of natural disasters, damage to public and private property is also increasing, putting exorbitant strain on governments and communities. Societies across the world are working to adapt to climate change, but climate adaptation is currently inadequate to meet the needs of the people left increasingly vulnerable and the places that risk being irreversibly changed or destroyed. One tactic of climate adaptation is strategic retreat, sometimes referred to as managed retreat. Strategic retreat is the process by which the government or another entity purchases (buys out) developed properties that are at risk of destruction or have been destroyed by natural disasters. The structure is most often demolished, and the land is placed under a permanent easement to prevent future development. What happens next is dependent on the entities involved in the buyouts, and can range from derelict, vacant lots to full restoration of ecosystems and their abilities to mitigate flood damage. Sometimes recreational amenities, such as trails or park infrastructure, are prioritized and funded as well. Conservation organizations can leverage their expertise in conservation planning, land acquisition and restoration, policy advocacy, and partnership development to improve the implementation of strategic retreat so that nature and people can thrive in the long term. In this policy paper, we review ways that conservation organizations have and can continue to engage in buyout processes to ensure positive outcomes for communities and nature. Conservation organizations must also evolve their approaches to climate adaptation to integrate equity and redress historical injustices in land use, and contribute towards improving strategic retreat for a more just and resilient future across disaster-prone communities. This work focuses on the context of disasters and climate adaptation in the USA, though many of the principles presented are applicable around the world.

Weather effects on intrahabitat movements of the western green lizard, Lacerta bilineata (Daudin, 1802), at its northern distribution range border: a radio-tracking study

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1831-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sound ◽  
M Veith
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Northern Distribution ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Bad Weather

Daily activity patterns of male western green lizards, Lacerta bilineata (Daudin, 1802), at the edge of their northern distribution range in western Germany after the breeding season from June to October were recorded using implanted radio transmitters. Different activity indices discriminating between stimulation, duration, and length of movement were correlated with actual weather conditions (d0) and with weather conditions on the 2 previous days (d-1 and d-2). The lizards' dependence on weather showed two different phases throughout the study period. During the first period and in the period preceding a drastic change of weather in midsummer, weather had no significant influence on movement parameters. After that event, temperatures dropped and a strong dependence on weather of all movement parameters except those indicating displacements became apparent. Thresholds for 50% activity during this second phase were a maximum temperature of 17°C and a minimum humidity of 35%. Two days after periods of bad weather, the influence of weather conditions increased again. This can be explained by physiological deficits that require compensation during the period of marginal weather conditions prior to hibernation. Displacement movements were significantly longer than home-range movements and were neither triggered nor modulated by the weather. They must therefore represent activities such as patrolling territory boundaries.

Short-term scheduling problem in smart grid considering reliability improvement in bad weather conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2521-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Yousefi-khangah ◽  
Saeid Ghassemzadeh ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hosseini ◽  
Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reliability Improvement ◽  
Bad Weather

scholarly journals Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah of Kashmir, 1965–1975: From Externment to Enthronement

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh Ankit
Keyword(s):  
New Delhi ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Chief Minister ◽  
The Government ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru ◽  
Conflictual Relationship

Ousted as Premier, Jammu and Kashmir, in August 1953 and anointed as Chief Minister in February 1975, the so-called ‘Lion of Kashmir’ Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah was imprisoned, in between these years, ultimately on charges of treason, with brief intermissions. Much has been written about the politics of Kashmir dispute, less so about the Sheikh and his personal troubles especially after the death of his friend Jawaharlal Nehru in May 1964. This somewhat overshadowed decade of his life, in comparison with his hey-days of 1947–1953, shows the kind of settlement in Kashmir that the government of Indira Gandhi was willing to consider. More interestingly, it shows how Sheikh Abdullah was willing to agree to it and provides the context in which he moved from being in a conflictual relationship with New Delhi to becoming, once again, a collaborator in Srinagar in 1975, thereby showcasing the limits of Abdullah’s politics and popularity.

scholarly journals Risk Analysis and Management of Moored Ships in Ports

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana V. Pinheiro ◽  
Conceição J. E. M. Fortes ◽  
João A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Modular System ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sea Waves ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Port Areas

The risks associated with mooring of ships are a major concern for port and maritime authorities. Sea waves and extreme weather conditions can lead to excessive movements of vessels and mooring loads affecting the safety of ships, cargo, passengers, crew or port infrastructures. Normally, port activities such as ships’ approach manoeuvres and loading/unloading operations, are conditioned or suspended based solely on weather or wave forecasts, causing large economic losses. Nevertheless, it has been shown that some of the most hazardous events with moored ships happen on days with mild sea and wind conditions, being the culprit long waves and resonance phenomena. Bad weather conditions can be managed with an appropriate or reinforced mooring arrangement. A correct risk assessment must be based on the movements of the ship and on the mooring loads, taking into account all the moored ship’s system. In this paper, the development of a forecast and warning system based on the assessment of risks associated with moored ships in port areas, SWAMS ALERT, is detailed. This modular system can be scaled and adapted to any port, providing decision-makers with accurate and complete information on the behaviour of moored ships, movements and mooring loads, allowing a better planning and integrated management of port areas.

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