scholarly journals Transparency is in the eye of the beholder: the effects of identity and negative perceptions on ratings of transparency via surveys

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Heungsik Park ◽  
John Blenkinsopp
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Survey Responses

Surveys are a commonly used means of measuring transparency levels, but they are potentially vulnerable to perceptual biases. This study sought to examine perceptual differences by the respondents’ identities as general citizens or public employees, and the possible negative perceptions that one group may have of the other concerning responses to a survey-based measure of transparency. The survey was designed on the basis of existing literature, suggesting that transparency has up to six facets. Two samples were taken: from citizens who visited district offices to file civil applications during the survey period; and from public employees involved in processing these applications. A total of 472 surveys were used for analysis: 233 citizens and 239 public employees. The results indicated that the two groups had different understandings of transparency. Data from public employees produced a three-factor solution, which was labeled as Efficiency, Reliability, and Access. For citizens, a two-factor solution was a better fit, with the factors being described as Accessibility (a wider notion than Access) and Utility. The findings suggest that public employees adopt a somewhat technical view of transparency, whereas citizens have more practical concerns about it. Only citizens’ unfavorable perception of public employees had a negative influence on the level of transparency. This study contributes to the understanding of how public employees and citizens have qualitatively different perceptions of transparency. Points for practitioners To assess progress in governmental transparency, we must measure it, and surveys offer an accessible and potentially cost-effective approach. However, the survey responses of citizens and public employees show that they understand transparency in qualitatively different ways, with citizens’ perceptions of transparency also influenced by their perceptions of public employees. If governments are to increase public trust in policymaking and administration, they must focus on improving transparency as it is understood by the public rather than how it is understood by public servants.

scholarly journals Development of a Building Occupant Survey System with 3D Spatial Information

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9943
Author(s):  
Jong-Won Lee ◽  
Deuk-Woo Kim ◽  
Seung-Eon Lee ◽  
Jae-Weon Jeong
Keyword(s):  
Data Visualization ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Survey System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Survey Responses

This paper summarizes the recent post-occupancy evaluation (POE) method studies and latest literature reviews. According to the research trends, data visualization of an occupant’s feedback is an important perspective and surveys through POE methods have provided a quick and cost-effective approach for gathering and analyzing an occupant’s feedback. Therefore, the objective of this study is to establish a web-based building occupant survey system that incorporates new approaches based on a geographic information system (GIS) tool and open-source spatial information. This paper reports the following to provide the detailed system framework: (1) development requirements from literature reviews; (2) integration of collected data and 3D (three dimensional) spatial information; (3) system processes and user-friendly functions; and (4) pilot test and data visualization. The difference between the proposed platform and existing online survey systems is that in the former the survey responses are linked to the 3D spatial information of the buildings on a map. Thus, the results provide more intuitive insights for building managers and occupants to identify specific performance issues related to the building.

scholarly journals A cost-effective alternative for assessing the size of deep-water fish aggregations

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian R. Hordyk ◽  
Neil R. Loneragan ◽  
Geoff Diver ◽  
Jeremy D. Prince
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Commercial Fishing ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Orange Roughy ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Water Fish ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Aggregation Size

Acoustic methodologies are important tools for monitoring deep-water fish and have the potential to provide high-precision estimates of aggregation size. However, they can be costly to design and implement for monitoring fish. Data from 2 years of scientific surveys of the spawning aggregations of orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus, Collett, 1889) on the Cascade Plateau, Tasmania, collected using commercial fishing vessels and echosounders, were used to develop a cost-effective approach for estimating the size of deep-water aggregations. Criteria were developed to standardise the identification of orange roughy echo-traces from acoustic data from 23 surveys in 2001 and 19 in 2005. The spawning condition of the fish was monitored simultaneously with the acoustics in each year (n = 29 trawls each year). The volumes of the aggregations were estimated throughout the survey period. Although the precision of the estimated aggregation size is low, large amounts of data can be collected over extended periods by using this approach and the equipment on standard commercial fishing echosounders. Aggregation volumes varied markedly during each spawning season and changes in volume appear to be linked to the spawning biology. Monitoring the spawning biology, therefore, provides crucial complementary information for interpreting estimates of aggregation size from acoustic surveys.

E-Insurance :A Platform For Insurance Penetration In India

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
L. Terina Grazy ◽  
Dr.G. Parimalarani
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Online Marketing ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Work Done

E-commerce is a part of Internet Marketing. The arrival of Internet made the world very simple and dynamic in all the areas. Internet is the growing business as a result most of the people are using it in their day to day life. E-commerce is attractive and efficient way for both buyers and sellesr as it reduce cost, time and energy for the buyer. No surprise the insurance sector has become quite active within the internet sphere. Most insurance companies are offering policies to be brought online and also the portals for paying premiums. It actually saves from hassles involved in going to an insurance office and spend hours to get the insurance work done. Insurance has become an important and crucial aspect of life. Online insurance is the best and most cost effective approach of taking the insurance deal. This paper focused on influence of online marketing on the insurance industry in India, usage of internet in India , the internet penetration in India and the online sale of insurance product by the insurance sector.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yana van der Meulen Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reproductive Health Services ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Restrictive Legislation

Chapter 7 concludes by highlighting the three biggest messages from the analysis presented in this book: (1) the global gag rule has failed to achieve its goal of reducing abortions; (2) restrictive legislation is associated with more unsafe abortions; and (3) the expanded global gag rule is likely to have negative repercussions across a range of health outcomes for women, children, and men. They are simple but powerful messages that should be heard by policymakers over the voices calling for an ideologically based policy that fails to achieve its desired outcome. The chapter closes with a more constructive and cost-effective approach for US family-planning assistance that targets integrated reproductive health services.

scholarly journals The Inverse Spacer—A Novel, Safe, and Cost-Effective Approach in Routine Procedures for Revision Knee Arthroplasty

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Kristoff Hammerich ◽  
Jens Pollack ◽  
Alexander F. Hasse ◽  
André El Saman ◽  
René Huber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Rotational Stability ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
Before And After

Background: A major disadvantage of current spacers for two-stage revision total knee arthroplasty (R-TKA) is the risk of (sub-) luxation during mobilization in the prosthesis-free interval, limiting their clinical success with detrimental consequences for the patient. The present study introduces a novel inverse spacer, which prevents major complications, such as spacer (sub-) luxations and/or fractures of spacer or bone. Methods: The hand-made inverse spacer consisted of convex tibial and concave femoral components of polymethylmethacrylate bone cement and was intra-operatively molded under maximum longitudinal tension in 5° flexion and 5° valgus position. Both components were equipped with a stem for rotational stability. This spacer was implanted during an R-TKA in 110 knees with diagnosed or suspected periprosthetic infection. Postoperative therapy included a straight leg brace and physiotherapist-guided, crutch-supported mobilization with full sole contact. X-rays were taken before and after prosthesis removal and re-implantation. Results: None of the patients experienced (sub-) luxations/fractures of the spacer, periprosthetic fractures, or soft tissue compromise requiring reoperation. All patients were successfully re-implanted after a prosthesis-free interval of 8 weeks, except for three patients requiring an early exchange of the spacer due to persisting infection. In these cases, the prosthetic-free interval was prolonged for one week. Conclusion: The inverse spacer in conjunction with our routine procedure is a safe and cost-effective alternative to other articulating or static spacers, and allows crutch-supported sole contact mobilization without major post-operative complications. Maximum longitudinal intra-operative tension in 5° flexion and 5° valgus position appears crucial for the success of surgery.

scholarly journals Overexpression of OsABCG48 Lowers Cadmium in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 918
Author(s):  
Xingzhe Cai ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yucong Jiang ◽  
Changhu Wang ◽  
David W. Ow
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette Transporter ◽  
Cost Effective Approach

Cadmium pollution threatens food safety and security by causing health issues and reducing farmland availability. Engineering genetic changes in crop plants to lower Cd accumulation can be a cost-effective approach to address this problem. Previously, we reported that a rice line, 2B, which expresses a truncated version of OsO3L2 had reduced Cd accumulation throughout the plant, including in seed. However, downstream events caused by expression of this gene were not known. In this study, RNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed genes between the wild type and 2B rice with or without Cd treatment, leading to the study of an ABC transporter gene, OsABCG48 (ATP-Binding Cassette transporter G family member 48). Heterologous expression of OsABCG48 conferred tolerance to Cd in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Arabidopsis and rice. Moreover, overexpressing OsABCG48 in rice lowered root Cd accumulation that was associated with more extensive lateral root development. These data suggest that OsABCG48 might have applications for engineering low-Cd rice.

scholarly journals 3D Printed Imaging Platform for Portable Cell Counting

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diwakar M. Awate ◽  
Cicero C. Pola ◽  
Erica Shumaker ◽  
Carmen L Gomes ◽  
Jaime Javier Juarez
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Cost Effective Approach ◽  
3D Printed

Despite having widespread application in the biomedical sciences, flow cytometers have several limitations that prevent their application to point-of-care (POC) diagnostics in resource-limited environments. 3D printing provides a cost-effective approach...

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