The Effects of HIV-Related Stigma on HIV Counselling and Testing in Nigeria: A Mediation Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962096015
Author(s):  
Felix Oluyemi Adekunjo ◽  
Rajah Rasiah ◽  
Maznah Dahlui ◽  
Chiu Wan Ng
Keyword(s):  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Seriousness ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Hiv Counselling And Testing ◽  
Hiv Aids

Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) counselling and testing (HCT) plays a major role in the continuum of HIV programmes in Nigeria. However, HIV-related stigma (STGM) poses a serious threat to its success. Consequently, a cross-sectional study was carried out to examine whether STGM mediates the relationships between the explanatory variables (HIV-related knowledge, HIV transmission misconception (MSHIV), and perceived seriousness of HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)), and the outcome variable (HCT service utilization). The mediation analysis was undertaken using data from 768 individuals collected through convenience sampling in the Local Government Areas of Alimosho, Ikorodu, and Surulere of Lagos state, and deploying partial least squares–structural equation modelling. The results show that STGM played a mediating role in the relationship between MSHIV, perceived seriousness of HIV/AIDS, and HCT utilization. These findings offer wide ramifications for the intensification and enforcement of Nigeria’s HIV/AIDS Anti-Discrimination Act 2014 to eradicate stigma, which is important to enhance uptake of HCT to achieve the United Nations’ 90-90-90 HIV targets by 2020.

The Relationship between Chinese Construction Workers' HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour: A Structural Equation Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1202-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Qu ◽  
HQ Guo ◽  
J Liu ◽  
TM Zuo ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study explored the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in migrant urban construction workers using structural equation modelling (SEM). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 428 male subjects on three building sites in Shenyang City. The SEM model of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour was built using LISREL version 8.5 and it fitted the data well, as shown by an adjusted goodness of fit index of 0.82 and a root mean square error of approximation of 0.094. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS was closely correlated with attitudes and behaviour. Age was an important factor affecting HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. These findings suggest that increasing HIV/AIDS-related knowledge could improve the attitude and behaviour of migrant urban construction workers, enabling them to avoid high-risk behaviour that increases the spread of HIV/AIDS. Any intervention used will need to take the important factor of age into consideration.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN HIV/AIDS PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Rahmah Fitrianingsih ◽  
Yulia Irvani Dewi ◽  
Rismadefi Woferst
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan sekumpulan gejala penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang mudah menular dan mematikan juga merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh.Kelompok yang rentan adalah IRT. Hal ini disebabkan perilaku pencegahan yang masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS dengan desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 orang responden yang diambil berdasarkan kriteria inklusi menggunakan teknik cluster sampling.Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reabilitas. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi dan analisa bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk variabel faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Hasil penelitian analisis univariat menunjukkan mayoritas IRT berada dalam rentang usia 26-35 tahun (37%), beragama Islam (94%), pekerjaan wiraswasta (46%), istri yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS (88%), dan suami yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS (95%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan pengetahuan (p value 0.023) dan pendidikan ( p value 0.004) terhadap perilaku pencegahan. Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah sikap (p value 0.199), ekonomi (p value 0.641) dan lama menikah (p value 0.275) terhadap perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan IRT lebih peduli terhadap kesehatannya dengan melakukan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Assessing HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes among Senior High School Students in Kuwait

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
AlMunther Alhasawi ◽  
Saroj Bala Grover ◽  
Ali Sadek ◽  
Ibrahim Ashoor ◽  
Iqbal Alkhabbaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Senior High School Students ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objectives: An estimated 1.8 million individuals worldwide became newly infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 2016, which amounts to 5,000 new infections per day. This includes 160,000 children. The HIV epidemic not only affects the health of individuals but also impacts households, communities, and the development and economic growth of nations [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]. The prevention and control of HIV infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are recognized as a national priority in Kuwait. This study assesses the knowledge, awareness, and attitudes about HIV/AIDS among senior high school students in Kuwait. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a convenience sample of 346 students in 8 randomly selected high schools in 3 governorates of Kuwait, using a questionnaire designed to measure the student’s knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS. The survey questionnaire was administered to the students in their classrooms. Results: This study revealed that the students were knowledgeable with regard to the nature and mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS, but they needed a more detailed understanding of the disease to prevent stigmatization and discrimination of an infected person. Conclusion: This study provides a benchmark for further elaborate studies in the community to develop appropriate health education and awareness programs.

scholarly journals KORELASI ANTARA HITUNG TROMBOSIT DENGAN JUMLAH CD4 PASIEN HIV/AIDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
M. I. Diah Pramudianti ◽  
Tahono Tahono
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thrombocyte Count ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the presence of symptoms caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)which belongs to human retroviruses (retroviridae). Thrombocytopenia is a common finding in patients with HIV infection. HIV infectionmay induce thrombocytopenia through immune and non-immune mechanisms, autoimmune combination and inhibition of plateletproduction. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between thrombocyte and CD4 count in HIV/AIDS patients. This studyuses a cross sectional design with a total of 17 patients. The subject of this study is HIV/AIDS patients who came to and examined atVCT clinic, dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta. To analyze this result the researchers used Spearman (r) correlation with p<0.05, andconfidence interval 95%. Patients’ median age was 30 (21–49) years, 11 (64.7%) men and 6 (35.3%) women. The subjects with AIDSwere 11 (64.7%), and HIV were 6 (35.3%) patients. The duration of antiretroviral (ARV) was 7.5 (4–20) months in 10 subjects.The median of thrombocyte count was 203 (143–327)×103/μL, CD4 absolute 207 (5.0–734)/μL, and CD4 (% lymphocytes) 13.0(2.0–29.0)%. The thrombocyte count was not correlated with CD4 absolute (r=0.456; p=0.066) and CD4% (r=0.218; p=0.400). InHIV patients, low platelet counts will be the result of a host of problems and complications that are associated with the progressive HIVinfection or its management.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Knowledge, Attitudes, and Prevention towards HIV/AIDS among Adults 15–49 Years in Mizoram, North East India: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Lucy Ngaihbanglovi Pachuau ◽  
Caterina Tannous ◽  
Kingsley Emwinyore Agho
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Hiv Aids

Despite a campaign of effective educational interventions targeting knowledge, attitudes, and prevention, Human Immunodeficiency-Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) continues to be a significant public health issue in India, with Mizoram reporting the highest HIV/AIDS cases in 2018–2019. In this study, we extracted Mizoram state from the National Family Health Survey Fourth Series (NFHS-4) 2015–2016 datasets and investigated factors associated with respondents’ knowledge, attitudes, and prevention towards HIV/AIDS. The sample included 3555 adults aged 15–49 years residing in Mizoram, North-east India. Respondents who reported having ever heard of HIV/AIDS was 98%. Multivariate analysis indicated that the probability of having inadequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS was higher among those with no schooling, who were illiterate, of non-Christian faiths, belonging to backward tribes or caste, from poor households, and those who lived in rural areas, not exposed to media. The odds of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV/AIDS transmission was high among females (AOR = 3.12, 95% CI 2.34–4.16), respondents aged 35–39 years (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.05–2.87) and those belonging to other backward class. The HIV/AIDS knowledge of respondents was found to be encouraging as the majority (98%) were considered to have a good level of understanding of the condition. An educational intervention to reduce the number of adults 15–49 years infected with HIV/AIDS in Mizoram should target those from low socioeconomic groups, those from non-Christian religions, and those from other backward classes.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA TERHADAP ORANG DENGAN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS / ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Putri Silvia Maha Dewi ◽  
Made Pasek Kardiwinata
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRAK Persepsi adalah proses individu melakukan pengamatan melalui penginderaan terhadap objek tertentu yang kemudian diseleksi, diatur, serta diinterpretasikan untuk menciptakan suatu gambaran yang berarti. Persepsi yang negatif dapat berpengaruh terhadap sikap dan penerimaan seseorang yang dapat memunculkan stigma dan diskriminasi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana terhadap Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan design penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional pada 102 responden yang dipilih secara non-probability sampling yaitu accidental sampling. Hasil univariat penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa FK Unud berada pada tingkat persepsi negatif yaitu sebesar 52,94%. Kemudian, variabel yang lebih besar proporsinya memiliki persepsi baik yaitu variabel jenis kelamin laki-laki, program studi kesehatan masyarakat, semester delapan, mahasiswa yang pernah berinteraksi dengan ODHA, mahasiswa yang pernah mengikuti organisasi terkait ODHA, dan mahasiswa yang memiliki status interaksi baik.  Didapatkan juga bahwa tingkatan semester dan intensitas interaksi memiliki hubungan yang signifikat dengan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap ODHA. Oleh karena itu, disarankan bahwa pihak Fakultas Kedokteran maupun Program Studi menyediakan program peningkatan pengetahuan mahasiswa FK tentang HIV/AIDS dengan cara mengintegrasikan ke acara-acara mahasiswa untuk dapat meningkatkan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pasien khususnya ODHA. Kata Kunci: Persepsi, ODHA, Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran.

scholarly journals The impact of the availability of antiretroviral therapy on personal and community fear of HIV/AIDS, and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda: A mixed-method study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nicole Naadu Ofosu ◽  
L. Duncan Saunders ◽  
Gian Jhangri ◽  
Afif Alibhai
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

The impact of the widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) related attitudes, behaviours and practices of the general population in Sub-Saharan Africa is understudied. We assessed the impact of ART availability on the fear of HIV/ AIDS (measured at both community and personal levels) and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda using a cross-sectional survey. The fear of HIV/AIDS was described as a perceived threat to either self and/or community regarding the risk of contracting the disease, whereby the higher the perception of the threat, the greater the fear. We assessed associations between the outcomes of the dependent variables on both the community and personal fear of HIV/AIDS, and the independent variables of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and demographics. Qualitative data was also generated from focus group discussions (FGD) on the context of the fear of HIV/AIDS and HIV pre- vention practices. The majority of participants (89.4%; males - 86.8%; females - 90.8%) felt that ART availability has reduced the fear of HIV/AIDS in the community. In contrast, fewer participants (22.4%; males - 24.4%; females – 21.2%) mentioned that their personal fear of HIV/AIDS has been reduced with the availability of ART. From the qualitative study, factors identified as influencing the fear of HIV/AIDS included stigma, fear of infection, and the inconvenience of being on ART. Although fear of HIV/AIDS persists, the fear is reduced because of the availability of life-prolonging ART. HIV prevention practices are influenced by socio-cultural norms (gender roles, relationship dynamics, power and trust), which, we argue, should be considered when de-signing sustainable HIV/AIDS prevention programs.

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN LAMA HIDUP PADA ODHA SETELAH 10 TAHUN DENGAN HIV/AIDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Rokhani Rokhani ◽  
Mustofa Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Aids

Orang dengan infeksi HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) akan mengalami penurunan sistem imunitas pada tubuhnya, kondisi ini akan menyebabkan kondisi kesehatan semakin menurun hingga akan memunculkan berbagai macam gangguan kesehatan seperti infeksi oportunistik dan menurunnya berat badan hingga menjadi AIDS (Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan titer virus yang dimiliki oleh pasien, dan mendiskripsikan kondisi kesehatan pasien serta karakteristik yang dimiliki pasien setelah terinfeksi oleh HIV selama 10 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan explanatory research dengan pendekatan cross-sectional study. Data diperoleh dengan teknik wawancara terpimpin pada 80 pasien yang terinfeksi HIV yang dianalisa dengan univariat menggunakan distribusi frequensi dan analisa bivariat dengan q-square. hasil penelitian menemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara umur, jenis kelamin, kondisi kesehatan dan viral load dengan lama hidup orang dengan HIV/AIDS. Konsumsi ARV, penerimaan terhadap status HIV-nya dan sikap positif dalam meninggalkan perilaku beresiko sangat penting bagi orang yang hidup dengan HIV/AIDS. Kata kunci: Lama Hidup,  ODHA, 10 tahun dengan HIV/AIDS

scholarly journals Mucocutaneous Manifestations in HIV/AIDS Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Afif Nurul Hidayati ◽  
Citra Dwi Harningtyas ◽  
Damayanti Damayanti ◽  
Maylita Sari ◽  
Linda Astari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Intermediate Care ◽  
Academic Hospital ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The main target of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) T lymphocytes and several other immune cells that have CD4 receptors. They are also present in skin and mucosa, such as Langerhans cells (LC). Mucocutaneous lesions are one of the first clinical presentations of immunosuppression in HIV seropositive patients that manifest at different stages of the infection and require early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Purpose: To determine the clinical characteristics and the pattern of various mucocutaneous manifestations in Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients at Intermediate Care and Infectious Diseases Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective study with a cross-sectional design. The study subject was classified as all HIV-AIDS patients with mucocutaneous manifestations treated in Intermediate Care and Infectious Diseases Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya in 2019. Result: Out of the 614 patients who participated in the study, 72.1% were males. The majority of patients were in the age group 25–49 years (75.4%). The most common risk factor was heterosexuality (41.7%). Based on the distribution of mucocutaneous manifestations, the most common mucocutaneous manifestation was candidiasis mucocutan 387 patients (49.4%) followed by the pruritic papular eruption (PPE) 118 patients (15.1%) and human papillomavirus infection 57 patients (7.3%). Conclusion: Mucocutaneous manifestations occur throughout the course of HIV infection, and they can be considered as good clinical indicators for the progression of the disease and underlying immune status in resource-poor settings.

scholarly journals Knowledge about HIV infection, transmission, diagnostic methods and its treatment among the students of a nursing and a Physiotherapy Colleges in Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
BL Bamboriya ◽  
Yogyata Marothi ◽  
Meha Rawat ◽  
Megha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Central India ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Infection Transmission ◽  
The Future ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) impairs the host's immune system until it reaches the terminal stage; Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. Although healthcare workers (HCWs) can play a crucial role in prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, least attention is given to assess their knowledge and attitude on the topic.Methods: A prospective, cross sectional study was conducted (January 2014 and April 2015) to assess the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among students of a nursing and a physiotherapy college in Ujjain district of central India. All enrolled students were invited to participate, of those 98% participated voluntarily (nursing-120/120 and physiotherapy-56/60).Results: More than half of the participants were not aware that HIV is an infection causing virus and AIDS is a spectrum of conditions or a syndrome. The majority of the participants had poor knowledge about the available diagnostic tests and curative treatment of the infection. The study also reflected the participant’s belief in common myths and misconceptions. Physical contacts with intact skin during patient care and social interaction with a person living with HIV were considered as risk factors for infection transmission. More than 60% participants admitted for their inadequate knowledge and majority (>90%) were willing to participate in a training workshop on the topic.Conclusions: Extremely poor knowledge about the infection’s epidemiology, mode of transmission, diagnostics among the future HCWs might be a rick for discrimination. Discrimination-free healthcare, a prerequisite to end the epidemic, could be achieved by addressing the myths and misconceptions among the future and present HCWs.

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