scholarly journals Factors Associated with Knowledge, Attitudes, and Prevention towards HIV/AIDS among Adults 15–49 Years in Mizoram, North East India: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 440
Author(s):  
Lucy Ngaihbanglovi Pachuau ◽  
Caterina Tannous ◽  
Kingsley Emwinyore Agho
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Hiv Aids

Despite a campaign of effective educational interventions targeting knowledge, attitudes, and prevention, Human Immunodeficiency-Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) continues to be a significant public health issue in India, with Mizoram reporting the highest HIV/AIDS cases in 2018–2019. In this study, we extracted Mizoram state from the National Family Health Survey Fourth Series (NFHS-4) 2015–2016 datasets and investigated factors associated with respondents’ knowledge, attitudes, and prevention towards HIV/AIDS. The sample included 3555 adults aged 15–49 years residing in Mizoram, North-east India. Respondents who reported having ever heard of HIV/AIDS was 98%. Multivariate analysis indicated that the probability of having inadequate knowledge of HIV/AIDS was higher among those with no schooling, who were illiterate, of non-Christian faiths, belonging to backward tribes or caste, from poor households, and those who lived in rural areas, not exposed to media. The odds of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV/AIDS transmission was high among females (AOR = 3.12, 95% CI 2.34–4.16), respondents aged 35–39 years (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI 1.05–2.87) and those belonging to other backward class. The HIV/AIDS knowledge of respondents was found to be encouraging as the majority (98%) were considered to have a good level of understanding of the condition. An educational intervention to reduce the number of adults 15–49 years infected with HIV/AIDS in Mizoram should target those from low socioeconomic groups, those from non-Christian religions, and those from other backward classes.

scholarly journals Stunting Diagnostic and Awareness: Impact assessment study of sociodemographic factors of stunting among school-going children of Pakistan (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahvish Ponum ◽  
Saadia Khan ◽  
Osman Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Tahir Mahmood ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
P Value ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Results

BACKGROUND Stunting is a major public health issue in most of developing countries. Although, its worldwide prevalence is decreasing slowly but the number of stunted children is still rising in Pakistan. Stunting is highly associated with several long-term consequences, including higher rate of mortality and morbidity, deficient cognitive growth, school performance, learning capacity, work capacity and work productivity. To prevent stunting, we proposed Stunting Diagnostic and Education app. This app includes detailed knowledge of stunting and it’s all forms, symptoms, causes, video tutorials and guidelines by the Pediatricians and Nutritionists. OBJECTIVE The aim and objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of stunting in school-going children in Multan District of Punjab Pakistan and to analyze the risk factors associated with stunting in children under and over 5 age. This study presents Stunting Diagnostic and Education app to prevent the stunting in children under 5 age and children over 5 age (where required). METHODS A cross-sectional study has been conducted in schools of Multan District, Pakistan for the period of January 2019 to June 2019. Sample data of 1420 children, aged 4 to 18 years using three age groups, were analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0 to assess the prevalence of stunting and to analyze the main factors associated with it. Chi square test was applied in comparison with rural and urban participants and p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. This study includes distribution of sociodemographic characteristics, parental education, working status of mothers, dietary patterns of school going children and prevalence of stunting in school going children. After getting study results, Stunting Diagnostic and Education app was developed according to the instructions of child experts and nutritionists. RESULTS 354 (24.93%) participants were stunted out of 1420, 11.9 % children were obese and 63.17% children were normal. Out of 354 stunted children, higher ratio of stunting was found in the age group of 8-11 years children with 51.98 percentage. 37.85% stunted children were found in the age group of 4-7 years and 10.17% stunting was found in the age group of 12-18 years children. It was observed in the study that male children were highly stunted than female with 57.91 % and 42.09% respectively. Children living in rural areas were more stunted affected as compared to the children living in urban society with percentage 58.76 and 41.24 respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our study concluded that 24.93% children were stunted, out of which, age group of 8-11 years children were highly stunted. The study showed that the literacy of mother or caregiver had high impact on children’s health. Therefore, Stunting Diagnostic and Education app was developed to educate mothers to prevent stunting.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU PENCEGAHAN HIV/AIDS PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Rahmah Fitrianingsih ◽  
Yulia Irvani Dewi ◽  
Rismadefi Woferst
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan sekumpulan gejala penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus yang mudah menular dan mematikan juga merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh.Kelompok yang rentan adalah IRT. Hal ini disebabkan perilaku pencegahan yang masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS dengan desain penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 orang responden yang diambil berdasarkan kriteria inklusi menggunakan teknik cluster sampling.Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reabilitas. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat untuk mengetahui distribusi frekuensi dan analisa bivariat menggunakan uji Chi Square untuk variabel faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Hasil penelitian analisis univariat menunjukkan mayoritas IRT berada dalam rentang usia 26-35 tahun (37%), beragama Islam (94%), pekerjaan wiraswasta (46%), istri yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS (88%), dan suami yang tidak melakukan pemeriksaan HIV/AIDS (95%). Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan pengetahuan (p value 0.023) dan pendidikan ( p value 0.004) terhadap perilaku pencegahan. Variabel yang tidak berhubungan adalah sikap (p value 0.199), ekonomi (p value 0.641) dan lama menikah (p value 0.275) terhadap perilaku pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan IRT lebih peduli terhadap kesehatannya dengan melakukan upaya pencegahan HIV/AIDS.

scholarly journals Assessing HIV/AIDS Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes among Senior High School Students in Kuwait

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 470-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
AlMunther Alhasawi ◽  
Saroj Bala Grover ◽  
Ali Sadek ◽  
Ibrahim Ashoor ◽  
Iqbal Alkhabbaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Senior High School ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Senior High School Students ◽  
Hiv Aids

Objectives: An estimated 1.8 million individuals worldwide became newly infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 2016, which amounts to 5,000 new infections per day. This includes 160,000 children. The HIV epidemic not only affects the health of individuals but also impacts households, communities, and the development and economic growth of nations [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]. The prevention and control of HIV infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) are recognized as a national priority in Kuwait. This study assesses the knowledge, awareness, and attitudes about HIV/AIDS among senior high school students in Kuwait. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a convenience sample of 346 students in 8 randomly selected high schools in 3 governorates of Kuwait, using a questionnaire designed to measure the student’s knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS. The survey questionnaire was administered to the students in their classrooms. Results: This study revealed that the students were knowledgeable with regard to the nature and mode of transmission of HIV/AIDS, but they needed a more detailed understanding of the disease to prevent stigmatization and discrimination of an infected person. Conclusion: This study provides a benchmark for further elaborate studies in the community to develop appropriate health education and awareness programs.

The Relationship between Chinese Construction Workers' HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviour: A Structural Equation Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1202-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Qu ◽  
HQ Guo ◽  
J Liu ◽  
TM Zuo ◽  
Y Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Construction Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Aids

This study explored the relationship between human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS)-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in migrant urban construction workers using structural equation modelling (SEM). A cross-sectional study was conducted among 428 male subjects on three building sites in Shenyang City. The SEM model of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour was built using LISREL version 8.5 and it fitted the data well, as shown by an adjusted goodness of fit index of 0.82 and a root mean square error of approximation of 0.094. Knowledge of HIV/AIDS was closely correlated with attitudes and behaviour. Age was an important factor affecting HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour. These findings suggest that increasing HIV/AIDS-related knowledge could improve the attitude and behaviour of migrant urban construction workers, enabling them to avoid high-risk behaviour that increases the spread of HIV/AIDS. Any intervention used will need to take the important factor of age into consideration.

scholarly journals KORELASI ANTARA HITUNG TROMBOSIT DENGAN JUMLAH CD4 PASIEN HIV/AIDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
M. I. Diah Pramudianti ◽  
Tahono Tahono
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thrombocyte Count ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

The Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the presence of symptoms caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)which belongs to human retroviruses (retroviridae). Thrombocytopenia is a common finding in patients with HIV infection. HIV infectionmay induce thrombocytopenia through immune and non-immune mechanisms, autoimmune combination and inhibition of plateletproduction. The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between thrombocyte and CD4 count in HIV/AIDS patients. This studyuses a cross sectional design with a total of 17 patients. The subject of this study is HIV/AIDS patients who came to and examined atVCT clinic, dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta. To analyze this result the researchers used Spearman (r) correlation with p<0.05, andconfidence interval 95%. Patients’ median age was 30 (21–49) years, 11 (64.7%) men and 6 (35.3%) women. The subjects with AIDSwere 11 (64.7%), and HIV were 6 (35.3%) patients. The duration of antiretroviral (ARV) was 7.5 (4–20) months in 10 subjects.The median of thrombocyte count was 203 (143–327)×103/μL, CD4 absolute 207 (5.0–734)/μL, and CD4 (% lymphocytes) 13.0(2.0–29.0)%. The thrombocyte count was not correlated with CD4 absolute (r=0.456; p=0.066) and CD4% (r=0.218; p=0.400). InHIV patients, low platelet counts will be the result of a host of problems and complications that are associated with the progressive HIVinfection or its management.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic profile of Human Immunodeficiency Virus patients on second line antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary care centre of North-East India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4594
Author(s):  
Arun Karmakar ◽  
Abhipsa Mazumdar ◽  
Nabarun Karmakar ◽  
Aditya Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: HIV/ AIDS is one of the major global health issue, resulting an epidemic. Understanding the socio-demographic profile with magnitude of risky behavior might include positive messages in the routine HIV/AIDS care and treatment. Objective of this study was to find out the socio-demographic, behavioural characteristics among patients receiving second line ART (Anti-Retroviral therapy) in a tertiary centre of North-East India.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 90 PLWHA patients receiving second line ART in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal from March 2016 to August 2017. A predesigned and pretested schedule was used as study tool to collect required information.Results: Majority participants (43.3%) belonged to 30-40 years age group, mean age 39.96±8.021 years; 51.1% were female. Majority (58.9%) got infected with HIV through heterosexual route followed by IV drug use (31.1%). Nearly half (51.1%) were diagnosed with HIV for 11-15 years duration and majority (61.1%) were under 2nd line ART for 6-10 years duration. Here, 3.3% subjects had Hepatitis B and 7.8% were infected with hepatitis C.Conclusions: Young population were most affected group and heterosexual route being the commonest mode of transmission. Combination of socio-demographic, behavioural risk factor and unawareness are responsible for rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. So, people need to be educated for primary and secondary prevention.

scholarly journals PERSEPSI MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA TERHADAP ORANG DENGAN HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS / ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Putri Silvia Maha Dewi ◽  
Made Pasek Kardiwinata
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immune Deficiency ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRAK Persepsi adalah proses individu melakukan pengamatan melalui penginderaan terhadap objek tertentu yang kemudian diseleksi, diatur, serta diinterpretasikan untuk menciptakan suatu gambaran yang berarti. Persepsi yang negatif dapat berpengaruh terhadap sikap dan penerimaan seseorang yang dapat memunculkan stigma dan diskriminasi. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui persepsi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana terhadap Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan design penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan cross sectional pada 102 responden yang dipilih secara non-probability sampling yaitu accidental sampling. Hasil univariat penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sebagian besar mahasiswa FK Unud berada pada tingkat persepsi negatif yaitu sebesar 52,94%. Kemudian, variabel yang lebih besar proporsinya memiliki persepsi baik yaitu variabel jenis kelamin laki-laki, program studi kesehatan masyarakat, semester delapan, mahasiswa yang pernah berinteraksi dengan ODHA, mahasiswa yang pernah mengikuti organisasi terkait ODHA, dan mahasiswa yang memiliki status interaksi baik.  Didapatkan juga bahwa tingkatan semester dan intensitas interaksi memiliki hubungan yang signifikat dengan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap ODHA. Oleh karena itu, disarankan bahwa pihak Fakultas Kedokteran maupun Program Studi menyediakan program peningkatan pengetahuan mahasiswa FK tentang HIV/AIDS dengan cara mengintegrasikan ke acara-acara mahasiswa untuk dapat meningkatkan persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pasien khususnya ODHA. Kata Kunci: Persepsi, ODHA, Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran.

scholarly journals Cesarean delivery in Nigeria: prevalence and associated factors―a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e027273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel O Adewuyi ◽  
Asa Auta ◽  
Vishnu Khanal ◽  
Samson J Tapshak ◽  
Yun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Caesarean Delivery ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and factors associated with caesarean delivery in Nigeria.DesignThis is a secondary analysis of the nationally representative 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data. We carried out frequency tabulation, χ2test, simple logistic regression and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses to achieve the study objective.SettingNigeria.ParticipantsA total of 31 171 most recent live deliveries for women aged 15–49 years (mother–child pair) in the 5 years preceding the 2013 NDHS was included in this study.Outcome measureCaesarean mode of delivery.ResultsThe prevalence of caesarean section (CS) was 2.1% (95% CI 1.8 to 2.3) in Nigeria. At the region level, the South-West had the highest prevalence of 4.7%. Factors associated with increased odds of CS were urban residence (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.51, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.97), maternal age ≥35 years (AOR: 2.12, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.11), large birth size (AOR: 1.39, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.74) and multiple births (AOR: 4.96, 95% CI 2.84 to 8.62). Greater odds of CS were equally associated with maternal obesity (AOR: 3.16, 95% CI 2.30 to 4.32), Christianity (AOR: 2.06, 95% CI 1.58 to 2.68), birth order of one (AOR: 3.86, 95% CI 2.66 to 5.56), husband’s secondary/higher education level (AOR: 2.07, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.33), health insurance coverage (AOR: 2.01, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.95) and ≥4 antenatal visits (AOR: 2.84, 95% CI 1.56 to 5.17).ConclusionsThe prevalence of CS was low, indicating unmet needs in the use of caesarean delivery in Nigeria. Rural–urban, regional and socioeconomic differences were observed, suggesting inequitable access to the obstetric surgery. Intervention efforts need to prioritise women living in rural areas, the North-East and the North-West regions, as well as women of the Islamic faith.

scholarly journals The impact of the availability of antiretroviral therapy on personal and community fear of HIV/AIDS, and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda: A mixed-method study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Nicole Naadu Ofosu ◽  
L. Duncan Saunders ◽  
Gian Jhangri ◽  
Afif Alibhai
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Prevention ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

The impact of the widespread availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on the human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) related attitudes, behaviours and practices of the general population in Sub-Saharan Africa is understudied. We assessed the impact of ART availability on the fear of HIV/ AIDS (measured at both community and personal levels) and HIV prevention practices in Rwimi, Uganda using a cross-sectional survey. The fear of HIV/AIDS was described as a perceived threat to either self and/or community regarding the risk of contracting the disease, whereby the higher the perception of the threat, the greater the fear. We assessed associations between the outcomes of the dependent variables on both the community and personal fear of HIV/AIDS, and the independent variables of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and demographics. Qualitative data was also generated from focus group discussions (FGD) on the context of the fear of HIV/AIDS and HIV pre- vention practices. The majority of participants (89.4%; males - 86.8%; females - 90.8%) felt that ART availability has reduced the fear of HIV/AIDS in the community. In contrast, fewer participants (22.4%; males - 24.4%; females – 21.2%) mentioned that their personal fear of HIV/AIDS has been reduced with the availability of ART. From the qualitative study, factors identified as influencing the fear of HIV/AIDS included stigma, fear of infection, and the inconvenience of being on ART. Although fear of HIV/AIDS persists, the fear is reduced because of the availability of life-prolonging ART. HIV prevention practices are influenced by socio-cultural norms (gender roles, relationship dynamics, power and trust), which, we argue, should be considered when de-signing sustainable HIV/AIDS prevention programs.

scholarly journals FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN LAMA HIDUP PADA ODHA SETELAH 10 TAHUN DENGAN HIV/AIDS

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Rokhani Rokhani ◽  
Mustofa Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Immune Deficiency ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Aids

Orang dengan infeksi HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) akan mengalami penurunan sistem imunitas pada tubuhnya, kondisi ini akan menyebabkan kondisi kesehatan semakin menurun hingga akan memunculkan berbagai macam gangguan kesehatan seperti infeksi oportunistik dan menurunnya berat badan hingga menjadi AIDS (Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendiskripsikan titer virus yang dimiliki oleh pasien, dan mendiskripsikan kondisi kesehatan pasien serta karakteristik yang dimiliki pasien setelah terinfeksi oleh HIV selama 10 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan explanatory research dengan pendekatan cross-sectional study. Data diperoleh dengan teknik wawancara terpimpin pada 80 pasien yang terinfeksi HIV yang dianalisa dengan univariat menggunakan distribusi frequensi dan analisa bivariat dengan q-square. hasil penelitian menemukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara umur, jenis kelamin, kondisi kesehatan dan viral load dengan lama hidup orang dengan HIV/AIDS. Konsumsi ARV, penerimaan terhadap status HIV-nya dan sikap positif dalam meninggalkan perilaku beresiko sangat penting bagi orang yang hidup dengan HIV/AIDS. Kata kunci: Lama Hidup,  ODHA, 10 tahun dengan HIV/AIDS

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