Characterization and optimization of hybrid carbon–glass epoxy composites under combined loading

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (18) ◽  
pp. 2593-2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Infante ◽  
JFA Madeira ◽  
Rui B Ruben ◽  
F Moleiro ◽  
Sofia Teixeira de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Global And Local Optimization ◽  
Plane Displacement ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Hybrid Carbon

This work is intended to characterize the mechanical behavior of hybrid carbon–glass composite plates under combined loading of bending and torsion, and to determine the optimal ply fiber orientations to minimize the maximum out-of-plane displacement under such loading conditions. Hybrid composite plates were manufactured with 10 plies each and different stacking sequences using hand lay-up, with carbon fiber and glass fiber reinforcements in an epoxy matrix. Two experimental setups (involving two distinct boundary conditions) are here considered to test the composite plates, both simulating combined loading of bending and torsion. Numerical simulations of the experimental tests were performed in ABAQUS® and validated with the experimental data. Using the ply fiber orientations as design variables, the hybrid composite plates were then optimized using global and local optimization using direct search (GLODS). The objective function of minimization of the maximum out-of-plane displacement is carried out through an interactive cycle between GLODS and ABAQUS®. Specimens of three optimized laminates were also manufactured for experimental validation. The optimization process contributed to improve the performance of the hybrid composite plates in more than 30% when compared to some non-optimized plates.

Ultimate Strength of Steel and Glass Fibre Reinforced Composite Plates With Square Opening Under Axial and Out of Plane Loads

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sundaravadivelu ◽  
P. Alagusundaramoorthy ◽  
M. Suneel Kumar ◽  
S. Rahima Shabeen
Keyword(s):  
Steel Plate ◽  
Slenderness Ratio ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Gfrp Composite ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Glass Fibre Reinforced

The weight of glass fiber reinforced polymer composite (GFRP) plate is about one fourth of the steel plate and can be used in ship and offshore structures, so that the payload can be increased. However comparative studies on the behaviour of steel and GFRP composite plates with square opening have not been studied in detail. The experimental studies on steel and GFRP plates with and without openings are carried out for the combined loading of axial compression and out-of-plane loads. The in-plane and out-of-plane deflections are measured. The reduction in the axial load carrying capacity of the plates due to out-of-plane load is quantified. The effect of column slenderness ratio and plate slenderness ratio on the collapse load of simply supported stiffened plates is presented. Two sets of interaction equations are developed, one for the steel plate and another for the GFRP composite plate.

BUCKLING OF COMPOSITE PLATES WITH ARBITRARY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS BY A SEMI-ANALYTICAL APPROACH

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (05) ◽  
pp. 1250033 ◽  
Author(s):  
EUGENIO RUOCCO ◽  
VINCENZO MINUTOLO
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Analytical Form ◽  
Biaxial Compression ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
Arbitrary Boundary ◽  
Buckling Loads ◽  
Plate Buckling ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Displacement

A semi-analytical approach for the buckling analysis of symmetrically laminated rectangular plates under arbitrary constrains is presented. In the proposed method, the out-of-plane displacement field is assumed to be of a multiplicative form containing two vectors of functions, one being prescribed and the other to be determined, depend on separate variables. As a consequence, one may solve the equilibrium equation analytically, and obtain exact buckling loads for the biaxial compression and different boundary constrains. Several cases of plate buckling under different load combinations are studied, in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. The results obtained are compared with the existing ones, where available in analytical form, and approximate results obtained by other numerical methods.

Deformation in Impacted Stitched Composite Plates Subjected to Compressive Load

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Jiang Tao Ruan ◽  
Shi Bin Wang ◽  
Jing Wei Tong ◽  
Min Shen ◽  
Francesco Aymerich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speckle Pattern ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
Graphite Fibre ◽  
Plane Displacement

The study on deformation in impact-damaged graphite-fibre/epoxy stitched composite plates subjected to compressive load is presented. A delaminated cross-ply laminate [03/903]S obtained in low-velocity impact test has been examined using a self-designed anti-buckling device in compressive experiment. The out-of-plane displacement field of the specimen has been measured with an optical whole-filed measurement technique, which is carrier electronic speckle pattern interferometry (carrier-ESPI). Finite element (FE) simulation is also carried out to predict the deformation. The effect of the stitching line on compressive deformation is discussed for various stitched laminates. Finally, the numerical results are compared with experimental measurement deformations under different compressive loads.

Characterization of bi-stable pure and hybrid composite laminates – An experimental investigation of the static and dynamic responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Firouzian-Nejad ◽  
S Mustapha ◽  
S Ziaei-Rad ◽  
M Ghayour
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Composite Laminate ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Base Excitation ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Displacement ◽  
Stable Hybrid

In this study, the static and dynamic responses of bi-stable hybrid composite laminates [0/AL/90]T and [02/AL/902]T were scrutinized, and their behavior was compared to bi-stable pure composite laminates including [0/90]T and [02/902]T. The work consisted of an analytical study that was validated experimentally. An analytical method based on Hamilton’s principle was developed to investigate the static and vibration characteristics of the laminates. Experimentally, curvatures and out-of plane-displacement, and snap-through load were measured using a quasi-static loading on a universal testing machine. Further experimental analysis was performed to characterize the damping viscous ratio, natural frequency, and critical base excitation that cause the snapping between the two different stable shapes. The results show that the hybridization of bi-stable pure composite laminates has the potential to increase the stable curvatures and enhance the static load-carrying capability up to five times when compared to a pure bi-stable composite laminate of the same thickness. It was also observed that the hybridization of bi-stable pure composite laminates may result in a dramatic change in the dynamic response. The natural frequencies of bi-stable hybrid composite laminates are increased in comparison with bi-stable pure composite laminates. The critical base excitation required for snapping has increased significantly for the hybrid composite laminate. The qualitative and quantitative comparisons between the analytical and experimental results were very promising and they agreed well.

scholarly journals Sensor Integrated Load-Bearing Structures: Measuring Axis Extension with DIC-Based Transducers

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4104
Author(s):  
Nassr Al-Baradoni ◽  
Peter Groche
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Maximum Deviation ◽  
Single Image ◽  
Eccentric Load ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Axis Extension ◽  
Plane Displacement ◽  
Imaging Sensor

In this paper we present a novel, cost-effective camera-based multi-axis force/torque sensor concept for integration into metallic load-bearing structures. A two-part pattern consisting of a directly incident and mirrored light beam is projected onto the imaging sensor surface. This allows the capturing of 3D displacements, occurring due to structure deformation under load in a single image. The displacement of defined features in size and position can be accurately analyzed and determined through digital image correlation (DIC). Validation on a prototype shows good accuracy of the measurement and a unique identification of all in- and out-of-plane displacement components under multiaxial load. Measurements show a maximum deviation related to the maximum measured values between 2.5% and 4.8% for uniaxial loads ( and between 2.5% and 10.43% for combined bending, torsion and axial load. In the course of the investigations, the measurement inaccuracy was partly attributed to the joint used between the sensor parts and the structure as well as to eccentric load.

scholarly journals Topology Optimization of Hard-Coating Thin Plate for Maximizing Modal Loss Factors

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 774
Author(s):  
Haitao Luo ◽  
Rong Chen ◽  
Siwei Guo ◽  
Jia Fu
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Hard Coating ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Coating Composite ◽  
Damping Materials ◽  
Topology Optimization Method ◽  
Loss Factors

At present, hard coating structures are widely studied as a new passive damping method. Generally, the hard coating material is completely covered on the surface of the thin-walled structure, but the local coverage cannot only achieve better vibration reduction effect, but also save the material and processing costs. In this paper, a topology optimization method for hard coated composite plates is proposed to maximize the modal loss factors. The finite element dynamic model of hard coating composite plate is established. The topology optimization model is established with the energy ratio of hard coating layer to base layer as the objective function and the amount of damping material as the constraint condition. The sensitivity expression of the objective function to the design variables is derived, and the iteration of the design variables is realized by the Method of Moving Asymptote (MMA). Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate that this method can obtain the optimal layout of damping materials for hard coating composite plates. The results show that the damping materials are mainly distributed in the area where the stored modal strain energy is large, which is consistent with the traditional design method. Finally, based on the numerical results, the experimental study of local hard coating composites plate is carried out. The results show that the topology optimization method can significantly reduce the frequency response amplitude while reducing the amount of damping materials, which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the method.

scholarly journals Design and Automated Optimization of an Internal Turret Mooring System in the Frequency and Time Domain

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Hongrae Park ◽  
Sungjun Jung
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Optimization Algorithms ◽  
Local Optimization ◽  
Mooring System ◽  
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines ◽  
Global And Local Optimization ◽  
Global And Local

A cost-effective mooring system design has been emphasized for traditional offshore industry applications and in the design of floating offshore wind turbines. The industry consensus regarding mooring system design is mainly inhibited by previous project experience. The design of the mooring system also requires a significant number of design cycles. To take aim at these challenges, this paper studies the application of an optimization algorithm to the Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) mooring system design with an internal turret system at deep-water locations. The goal is to minimize mooring system costs by satisfying constraints, and an objective function is defined as the minimum weight of the mooring system. Anchor loads, a floating body offset and mooring line tensions are defined as constraints. In the process of optimization, the mooring system is analyzed in terms of the frequency domain and time domain, and global and local optimization algorithms are also deployed towards reaching the optimum solution. Three cases are studied with the same initial conditions. The global and local optimization algorithms successfully find a feasible mooring system by reducing the mooring system cost by up to 52%.

scholarly journals Locally Corroded Stiffener Effect on Shear Buckling Behaviors of Web Panel in the Plate Girder

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jungwon Huh ◽  
In-Tae Kim ◽  
Jin-Hee Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Buckling Strength ◽  
Lower Shear ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Shear Buckling ◽  
Buckling Failure ◽  
Plane Displacement ◽  
The Web ◽  
Plate Girder

The shear buckling failure and strength of a web panel stiffened by stiffeners with corrosion damage were examined according to the degree of corrosion of the stiffeners, using the finite element analysis method. For this purpose, a plate girder with a four-panel web girder stiffened by vertical and longitudinal stiffeners was selected, and its deformable behaviors and the principal stress distribution of the web panel at the shear buckling strength of the web were compared after their post-shear buckling behaviors, as well as their out-of-plane displacement, to evaluate the effect of the stiffener in the web panel on the shear buckling failure. Their critical shear buckling load and shear buckling strength were also examined. The FE analyses showed that their typical shear buckling failures were affected by the structural relationship between the web panel and each stiffener in the plate girder, to resist shear buckling of the web panel. Their critical shear buckling loads decreased from 82% to 59%, and their shear buckling strength decreased from 88% to 76%, due to the effect of corrosion of the stiffeners on their shear buckling behavior. Thus, especially in cases with over 40% corrosion damage of the vertical stiffener, they can have lower shear buckling strength than their design level.

Mechanism of the Transition From In-Plane Buckling to Helical Buckling for a Stiff Nanowire on an Elastomeric Substrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlong Chen ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yilun Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Stretchable Electronics ◽  
Buckling Mode ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Plane Direction ◽  
Plane Displacement ◽  
Helical Buckling ◽  
Selection Of

In this work, the compressive buckling of a nanowire partially bonded to an elastomeric substrate is studied via finite-element method (FEM) simulations and experiments. The buckling profile of the nanowire can be divided into three regimes, i.e., the in-plane buckling, the disordered buckling in the out-of-plane direction, and the helical buckling, depending on the constraint density between the nanowire and the substrate. The selection of the buckling mode depends on the ratio d/h, where d is the distance between adjacent constraint points and h is the helical buckling spacing of a perfectly bonded nanowire. For d/h > 0.5, buckling is in-plane with wavelength λ = 2d. For 0.27 < d/h < 0.5, buckling is disordered with irregular out-of-plane displacement. While, for d/h < 0.27, buckling is helical and the buckling spacing gradually approaches to the theoretical value of a perfectly bonded nanowire. Generally, the in-plane buckling induces smaller strain in the nanowire, but consumes the largest space. Whereas the helical mode induces moderate strain in the nanowire, but takes the smallest space. The study may shed useful insights on the design and optimization of high-performance stretchable electronics and three-dimensional complex nanostructures.

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